There are two major possible responses to the question: what (if anything) can justify a basic income experiment? An experiment might be justified either because it gathers positive empirical evidence supporting rolling out a basic income, or because it justifies the moral desirability of such a measure. This paper critically explores both responses, the “empirical” and “ethical claim” in light of the Barcelona B-MINCOME pilot, alongside other similar experiments. We sustained that although the empirical claim is necessary, there seems to (...) be sufficient data to easily predict that all future experiments are to gather positive results too. Consequently, we argue that experiments are particularly well-equipped to foster debates on the work ethics and on the ethical dimension of social policies and welfare regimes in general. (shrink)

El primer apartado del trabajo considera cómo el pensar es privado de su carácter primario cuando la lógica originaria y el lenguaje de las señas son sustituidos por la lógica del enunciado y el lenguaje de los signos. En segundo lugar, se muestra que la elucidación de las señas del Ser conduce a un examen del peligro que enfrenta el pensar en presencia de la filosofía. El tercer apartado se ocupa del ulterior peligro que surge cuando se intenta derivar el (...) pensar a partir del poetizar. El pensador aguarda señas porque ya no cuenta con sistemas de pensamiento, y en este proceso ha de estar dispuesto para la verdad del ser. Mientras que el poeta instituye de una manera originaria el Ser en una comunidad, el pensador concibe y ensambla, y de ese modo abre por primera vez lo que ha sido desvelado por el poeta. Finalmente, se ofrece un análisis de la relación de la lógica originaria con la hermenéutica y la fenomenología. (shrink)

This article examines the normative structure of the concept of health and tries to suggest an account of it in a phenomenological-hermeneutic framework. It is argued that the concept of health has a logical priority to illness, though the latter has an experiential priority. The fundamental feature of the concept of health as discussed in the literature is initially recognized in the notion of ‘norm’, in both the bio-statistical and normative-ideal sense. An analysis of this body of literature reveals some (...) weaknesses in bio-statistical definitions of health as well as in those normative ones which endorse a value-relativity thesis. An approach based on the analogical structure of language is then advanced. In this framework, the notion of biological normativeness proposed by G. Canguilhem is connected with an analysis of the language of health through etymologies. It is argued that health can be characterized as an analogy of ‘plenitude’, which is the common ideal reference of the various health-concepts. The analogical structuring of language allows the recognition of different levels of meaning, and therefore of different kinds of normativeness (biological, mental, social, moral). Some hints of a theory of health deriving from this framework are then given. Keywords: analogy, health, hermeneutics, norm, plenitude CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the great fear that formerly attended the threat of nuclear warfare has been replaced by other more intangible and disturbing fears: first a fear of migrants, then a fear of Islamic terrorism, and finally a fear of a traditionally persecuted minority like the Roma people. The politics now marketed, the entirety of the slogans now adopted by the political parties, specifically emphasise such fears. In the first pace, the slogans of the Right feed (...) and spread these fears precisely in order to enhance their own legitimacy. Along with such slogans, and sometimes in the closest connection with them, there operates a potent mechanism of fear: the totality of the press and the television media, and all the ways by means of which this diffuse social imaginary is produced. If the world of politics were a market – and it looks as if that is what it has now become – one could say that the principal commodity on offer is exactly fear. As in the economic market, the “political agents” sell themselves, in this case by disseminating throughout the social body a fear which claims that it alone is conducive to real security. And this means that the process of political competition transpires almost entirely within a “persecutory” perspective in accordance with victimising model of the scapegoat. Thus civil rights are the first things that come under threat: in the short term the civil rights of the victims, and in the long term those of the “citizens” as well. (shrink)

This paper makes first steps toward a systematic investigation of how pertinence to topic contributes to determine deductively valid reasoning along with preservation of designated values. I start from the interpretation of Weak Kleene Logic WKL as a reasoning tool that preserves truth and topic pertinence, which is offered by Jc Beall. I keep Beall’s motivations and I argue that WKL cannot meet them in a satisfying way. In light of this, I propose an informal definition of a topic-sensitive logic (...) and I proceed to turn it into a formal one by deploying the topic-algebraic framework from the Topic-Sensitive Intentional Modalities project by Francesco Berto. I apply the framework in order to define semantically a ‘classical topic-sensitive logic’ CTSL that meets Beall’s motivations and proves topic-sensitive. Then, I prove results that connect CTSL and any possible topic-sensitive logic to the tradition of containment logics and provide a unification tool for a wide range of recent proposals in philosophical logic. A topic-theoretical interpretation of WKL is then offered without prejudice to the fact that the logic is not topic-sensitive. Finally, the paper discusses some conceptual issues and research perspectives. (shrink)

This paper aims to identify several interpretive problems posed by the final part ofDAII.11 (423b27–424 a10), where Aristotle intertwines the thesis that a sense is like a ‘mean’ and an explanation for the existence of a ‘blind spot’ related to the sense of touch, adding the further contention that we are capable of discriminating because the mean ‘becomes the other opposite’ in relation to the perceptible property being perceived. To solve those problems, the paper explores a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s (...) claims, arguing that they describe a homeostatic physiological reaction by which the sensory apparatus responds to perceptible stimuli. According to the proposed interpretation, such homeostatic reaction constitutes a necessary condition for perceiving what Aristotle refers to as ‘proper’ perceptible features, which include properties like ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ as well as colors and sounds. (shrink)

From a hermeneutical position, the article examines why tension is created between «method» on one hand and circularity on the other. The latter, being unity as well, is the foundation of natural hermeneutics of which it has been said that to be human is to interpret. With this purpose in view, the author has sought to restore to essential Greek terms their archaic meaning which centuries of vernacular usage have rendered blurry, finding that, in accordance with the Greek symbolon, man's (...) conscience of «I am Here and Now» is symbolic unity, viz. a strained unity in search of The Superior Unity that makes him Methodos, Circle, His Own Future, and Metaphysics. (shrink)

Se intentan poner de manifiesto isomorfismos estructurales en las teorías de Heidegger y Husserl sobre tiempo e historia. En relación con Ser y tiempo, la atención está puesta en la tesis compartida de que la historiografía está arraigada en la historicidad y esta en la temporeidad. Con referencia al curso de 1934 se pone de relieve la convergencia heideggeriana de misión, encargo y trabajo, que remiten al futuro, al pasado y al presente. Se muestran nociones equivalentes en los niveles que (...) Husserl distingue en la historia: protohistoria, historia efectiva e historia racional. Finalmente, en lo que atañe al viraje, se trazan paralelos entre el Ereignis y el presente viviente como instancias últimas de una indagación restrospectiva, entre la temporeidad del Dasein y al tiempo inmanente como resonancias de una dimensión profunda, y en torno de una conexión mutua en el análisis de la historia en términos de desviación, reposición, incorporación y superación, esto es, los momentos que componen la noción de Gewind. (shrink)

Neste estudo, busca-se uma exposição e uma análise da teoria tomasiana da “restituição” (restitutio). Isso implica apresentar a restitutio como parte da teoria da justiça comutativa e expor os vários aspectos de consideração que servem como pressupostos e condições para a sua realização virtuosa. Em particular, procura-se analisar a confluência de motivos normativos e penitenciais que a abordagem de Tomás de Aquino contém e que, ao final, é decisiva para a devida compreensão da dimensão de obrigação que a restituição importa.

This article discusses the Platonic and Early Academic background of Aristotle’s Categories. Plato’s dialogues and the extant fragments of the Early Academics contain concepts, terms, and problems also prominently featured in the Categories. In this work, however, Aristotle rethinks them entirely, thereby drawing conclusions which often contrast with the views of Plato and the Early Academics. The article is divided into four sections. The first makes some general remarks on Aristotle’s relationship to Plato and the Early Academy. The second focuses (...) on Categories 1–3 and mainly deals with the Platonic-Academic background of the so-called ‘onymies’ (‘homonymy’, ‘synonymy’, and ‘paronymy’), the notion of ‘combination’ (symplokē), and those of ‘being-said-of a subject’ and ‘being-in a subject’. The third section is concerned with Categories 4–9 and focuses on the Platonic-Academic background of the ten categories, both as a unitary list and individually, with special emphasis on substance (ousia) and its priority. Finally, the fourth section tackles some of the Postpraedicamenta (chs. 10–5) and centres around the Platonic-Academic background of the notions of opposition and contrariety. (shrink)

Language plays a crucial role in human forms of action coordination. This paper examines problems concerning the satisfaction of a major and complex condition of coordination of actions grounded in dialogue, i.e., equality of argumentative competence. It is, indeed, the satisfaction of this condition that defines the autonomy of the subjects participating in and committed to a dialogue situation. From a political point of view, this question can be examined as a problem of dialogical democracy. This paper proposes the autonomy (...) of subjects as a major condition for the realization of such a political form. (shrink)

1. Premessa Nel filone di studi che prende il nome di “ontologia sociale” l’espressione “intenzionalità collettiva”, o “we-intention”, si riferisce agli stati soggettivi indicati dall’uso (appropriato) della prima persona plurale – ad esempio “noi vogliamo x”, “noi facciamo y”, “noi crediamo z” ecc. Come è noto, tutta la ricostruzione teorica che John Searle, il punto di riferimento di questa letteratura, propone della realtà socio-politica si basa su tre nozioni principali, di cui una è prop...

Duas questões fundamentais do pirronismo serão abordadas, a primeira é de natureza histórica: seria tal Neopirronismo congruente com o espírito e a letra do Pirronismo original? Nesse particular a resposta não poderia ser mais afirmativa. Distinguindo-se tanto chamada leitura dita “Urbana” quanto da leitura dita “Rústica,” não há como negar originalidade à leitura Neopirrônica. Ora, mas uma vez que Neopirronismo se assume como projeto filosófico próprio, ele enfrenta uma segunda questão premente: ele se sustentaria pelas suas próprias pernas? A tentativa (...) de apresentar uma resposta negativa no artigo encontra inspiração em três grandes fontes, são elas: Kant, Wittgenstein e Kripke/Putnam. (shrink)