Distinguished researchers from across the globe assess, in a rare example of successful cross-disciplinary engagement, the explanatory power of chaos theory, new evolutionary theory, path dependency, neo-institutional economics, multiple modernities and historical institutionalism. The book provides an exciting panorama of state of the art thinking and new avenues to combining the power of various traditions of thought.

In these fifteen essays, one Of Germany's most distinguished philosophers of history invokes an extraordinary array of witnesses and texts to explore the concept of historical time. The witnesses include politicians, philosophers, theologians, and poets, and the texts range from Renaissance paintings to the dreams of German citizens in the 1930s. Using these remarkable materials, Koselleck investigates the relationship of history to language, and of language to the deeper movements of human understanding.Reinhart Koselleck is Professor of the Theory of (...) History at the University of Bielefeld. (shrink)

I would like to know who of mycontemporaries should be more competent inKantian philosophy than me.(Schopenhauer in a letter to Rosenkranz and Schubert, 18371)In this paper the attempt is made to show how Schopenhauer's critique of Kant leads from initial disagreements to a fundamental modification, even a new formation, of the Kantian concepts of understanding, reason, imagination, perception, idea and thing-in-itself. The starting point and the core of his critique is the demand for the appreciation of intuitive knowledge which is (...) apart from and independent of reason. The intuitive knowledge goes back to images and its highest form is aesthetic contemplation. Without a participation of concepts it is sufficient to explain objective reality. Particularly on the basis of Schopenhauer's critical examination of Kant's schematism it can be shown that his alternative conception of an image-based objectivity of experience is to be taken seriously, even if the way he presents it sometimes gives the impression of a mere misunderstanding of Kant's theory of cognition. (shrink)

Reinhart Koselleck is among the most original German theorists of history and historiography. His international reputation is due in part to his contributions as theorist and editor of the remarkable lexicon Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe (GG). The GG is an exceptional reference work that goes far towards realizing Koselleck's program and distinctive version of Begriffsgeschichte (the history of concepts, conceptual history). What is presented here is a translation in full of Koselleck's own entry on Krise (crisis). Few articles in the GG (...) demonstrate more successfully Koselleck's theoretical concerns, his method, and innovative use of sources. (shrink)

No artigo que se segue, iremos relacionar o tema „intuição“ e „pensamento“ao problema, virulento no idealismo alemão, da sistemática filosófica. Depois que aconcepção kantiana de sistema assente na “Arquitetônica da razão” foi criticada comoformalista e que, ao mesmo tempo, se propagou no século XVIII a crítica aos sistemasracionalistas, exercida antes pelo empirismo, irrompeu no final desse século uma crisena filosofia, expressa talvez de modo mais marcante em um “fragmento” de FriedrichSchlegel: "É igualmente mortal ao espírito ter um sistema e não (...) ter nenhum". Fichte eSchopenhauer tratam da questão do sistema reportando-a à relação entre intuição epensamento. (shrink)

Richard Waller, Fellow and Secretary of the Royal Society, is probably best remembered for editing Robert Hooke’s posthumously published works. Yet, Waller also created numerous drawings, paintings, and engravings for his own work and the Society’s publications. From precisely observed grasses to allegorical frontispieces, Waller’s images not only contained a diverse range of content, they are some of the most beautiful, colorful, and striking from the Society’s early years. This article argues that Waller played a distinctly important role in shaping (...) the visual program of the Royal Society by virtue of his multiple functions as reliable administrator and translator, competent natural philosopher, and skilled image-maker. It analyzes Waller’s visual works in the context of his graphic training—in part influenced by his mother Mary More—and situates them within the context of English image-making traditions and Waller’s own natural philosophical interests. Examined as a functional whole, Waller’s career as a Fellow of the Royal Society emerges as an important case study in the fusion of visual and scientific practices in early-modern England. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Pure Subject of Cognition The Artist as Pure Subject of Cognition Notes References Further Reading.

In this way progressive bourgeois philosophy, which seemed to offer the promise of a unified and peaceful world, in fact produced just the opposite.The book ...

Schopenhauer gilt als Vorreiter oder erster Vertreter der Lebensphilosophie, wie sie später von Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson und anderen entfaltet wurde. Im Unterschied zur klassischen Lebensphilosophie und zu den an sie anknüpfenden ethischen Entwürfen wird das Leben bei Schopenhauer aber nicht als Zweck betrachtet, sondern als Mittel zu einem anderen Zweck, nämlich für die Ethik, die in der Verneinung des Willens zum Leben gipfelt. Schon in den frühesten handschriftlichen Aufzeichnungen verwendet Schopenhauer verschiedene Metaphern, um das Leben als Medium der ethischen Erkenntnis (...) zu charakterisieren. Besonders häufig tritt dabei das Bild vom Leben als Spiegel auf, in dem der Mensch sein eigenes Wesen und damit auch das Wesen der Welt erblickt. Im Hauptwerk wird dann dieses Bild vom Begriff der Objektivation des Willens abgelöst. Insofern die höchste und deutlichste Objektivation des Willens der Lebenslauf des menschlichen Individuums darstellt, ist Schopenhauers Lebensbegriff eng mit seiner Charakterlehre verknüpft. In dem Beitrag wird das verwickelte Verhältnis von Leben, Erkennen und Ethik vor dem Hintergrund der proto-hermeneutischen Metaphysikkonzeption Schopenhauers anhand der Entwicklung der Spiegelmetapher betrachtet. Schopenhauer is said to be precursor or first exponent of the philosophy of life as it has been developed later on by Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson and others. However, in contrast to classical philosophy of life and to the ethical conceptions going back to it, in Schopenhauer life is not viewed as an end but as a means to another end, namely to the ethics which culminates in the denial of the will-to-live. Already in the earliest hand-written manuscripts Schopenhauer uses different metaphors in order to characterize life as a medium of ethical knowledge. In particular the image of life as a mirror in which a human being sees his own nature and thus realizes the essence of the world often occurs. In the mature work this image is replaced by the concept of objectivation of will. As far as the highest and clearest objectivation of will is the life story of a human individual Schopenhauer’s concept of life is bound up with his theory of character. In my essay I consider the complicated relationship between life, knowledge and ethics in Schopenhauer on the background of his proto-hermeneutic metaphysics by following the development of his use of the mirror-metaphor. (shrink)

The bells tolling on 9 May 1945 were heralding peace. The question remained: what kind of peace and for whom? Thousands of us marched on a trail for many kilometers, from Mährish-Ostrau eastward, like a silent accordion, sometimes extended, sometimes compressed, chased, not knowing where we were going. The voices of the bells echoed over our column and raised hopes from whose nonfulfillment countless people would perish, not being able to bear the disappointments of the new forthcoming peace. However, it (...) was all unknown to us, we did not even know where we were going. Yet we knew where we were coming from, from the cauldron that had continuously tightened over four weeks, and from which we had definitely failed to escape on 1 May. With a wounded soldier on my back, I laid down my gun. At that point, we didn’t know yet that the Americans would hand all the prisoners that had reached the redemptive West from Bohemia and Moravia back to the Russians. So this fight had been futile and every death in vain. The dead were still lying around in countless numbers. (shrink)

Schopenhauer é considerado o precursor ou o primeiro representante da filosofia da vida, desenvolvida posteriormente por Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson e outros. Em contraste com a filosofia clássica da vida e com as concepções éticas a ela relacionadas, a vida em Schopenhauer não é vista como um fim, mas como um meio para um outro fim, ou seja, para a ética, que culmina na negação da vontade de vida. Já nas primeiras anotações manuscritas, Schopenhauer usa diversas metáforas para caracterizar a vida (...) como um meio para o conhecimento ético. Com bastante frequencia aparece a imagem da vida como espelho, no qual o homem vê sua própria natureza e assim a essência do mundo. Na obra madura, essa imagem é substituída pelo conceito de objetivação da vontade. Na medida em que a mais elevada e mais clara objetivação da vontade representa a história da vida de um indivíduo, o conceito de vida de Schopenhauer é estreitamente ligado à sua teoria do caráter. Neste ensaio eu considero a complicada relação entre vida, conhecimento e ética em Schopenahauer no pano de fundo de sua hermenêutica protometafísica, seguindo o desenvolvimento de seu uso da metáfora do espelho.Schopenhauer is said to be precursor or first exponent of the philosophy of life as it has been developed later on by Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson and others. However, in contrast to classical philosophy of life and to the ethical conceptions going back to it, in Schopenhauer life is not viewed as an end but as a means to another end, namely to the ethics which culminates in the denial of the will-to-live. Already in the earliest hand-written manuscripts Schopenhauer uses different metaphors in order to characterize life as a medium of ethical knowledge. In particular the image of life as a mirror in which a human being sees his own nature and thus realizes the essence of the world often occurs. In the mature work this image is replaced by the concept of objectivation of will. As far as the highest and clearest objectivation of will is the life story of a human individual Schopenhauer’s concept of life is bound up with his theory of character. In my essay I consider the complicated relationship between life, knowledge and ethics in Schopenhauer on the background of his proto-hermeneutic metaphysics by following the development of his use of the mirror-metaphor. (shrink)

In diesem Band sind Beitrage aus kulturell und disziplinar unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln auf das Thema 'Schopenhauer und die Philosophien Asiens' zusammengefasst: Sie gehen auf Vortrage zuruck, die auf zwei internationalen Tagungen der ...

Mit dem Problem des Verhaltnisses von Wissenschaft und Ethik ist die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Wissen und Handeln wieder akut geworden. Auf der Interpretation zweier Philosophen aufbauend, die zu Beginn des technischen Zeitalters die Frage nach dem Verhaltnis von Wissen und Handeln scheinbar in entgegengesetzter Weise beantwortet haben, wird in dieser Untersuchung der Begriff der ethischen Erfahrung entwickelt. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass die immer als Gegensatze aufgefassten Philosophien Hegels und Schopenhauers sich in der Sache nur um eine Nuance (...) unterscheiden. In diesem Spannungsfeld aber wird die Bedeutung des ethischen Erfahrungsbegriffs offenbar, der eine Grundlage zur Erfassung und Beurteilung des Zusammenhangs von Wissen und Moralitat bietet.". (shrink)

El manuscrito 21-7 de la biblioteca capitular de Toledo contiene una versión castellana medieval, del siglo XV, del Arbor apostolicalis, parte del Arbor scientiae, de Raimundo Lulio. El presente artículo estudia la versión, hasta ahora desconocida entre los historiadores del lulismo, añadiendo una edición del prólogo, dirigido por un lulista anónimo al arzobispo de Toledo, probablemente Alfonso Carrillo.The manuscript 21-7 of the Cathedral Library of Toledo contains a medieval translation of the Arbor apostolicalis, part of the Arbor scientiae, of Ramon (...) Lull, together with a preface addressed from a anonymous lulist to the archbishop of Toledo, probably Alfonso Carrillo. The article investigates the manuscript, ignored from the historians of the lulisme, and presents an edition of the preface. (shrink)