In the paper we study the class of weakly algebraizable logics, characterized by the monotonicity and injectivity of the Leibniz operator on the theories of the logic. This class forms a new level in the non-linear hierarchy of protoalgebraic logics.

Prefacio al libro Karl Marx en el siglo XXI. Crítica y alternativa a la fractura capitalista del metabolismo natural y humano, en el cual se destaca que este trabajo se agrega a una larga lista de libros de los que el Dr. Camilo Valqui Cachi ha sido autor y/o coordinador, todos ellos críticos del capitalismo y con un alto nivel de compromiso con la salvaguarda de la naturaleza y con los procesos emancipadores del mundo y de Nuestra América, así como (...) de rescate del pensamiento de Marx. (shrink)

Essays by some of the world's leading educators provide a revolutionary portrait of new ideas and developments in education that can influence the possibility of social and political change. The authors take into account such diverse terrain as feminism, ecology, media, and individual liberty in their pursuit of new ideas that can inform the fundamental practice of education and promote a more humane civil society. The book consolidates recent thinking just as it reflects on emerging new lines of critical theory.

Quattrocki and Friston (2014) argued that abnormalities in interoception—the process of representing one’s internal physiological states—could lie at the heart of autism, because of the critical role interoception plays in the ontogeny of social-affective processes. This proposal drew criticism from proponents of the alexithymia hypothesis, who argue that social-affective and underlying interoceptive impairments are not a feature of autism per se, but of alexithymia (a condition characterized by difficulties describing and identifying one’s own emotions), which commonly co-occurs with autism. Despite (...) the importance of this debate for our understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and of the role of interoceptive impairments in psychopathology, more generally, direct empirical evidence is scarce and inconsistent. Experiment 1 examined in a sample of 137 neurotypical (NT) individuals the association among autistic traits, alexithymia, and interoceptive accuracy (IA) on a standard heartbeat-tracking measure of IA. In Experiment 2, IA was assessed in 46 adults with ASD (27 of whom had clinically significant alexithymia) and 48 NT adults. Experiment 1 confirmed strong associations between autistic traits and alexithymia, but yielded no evidence to suggest that either was associated with interoceptive difficulties. Similarly, Experiment 2 provided no evidence for interoceptive impairments in autistic adults, irrespective of any co-occurring alexithymia. Bayesian analyses consistently supported the null hypothesis. The observations pose a significant challenge to notions that interoceptive impairments constitute a core feature of either ASD or alexithymia, at least as far as the direct perception of interoceptive signals is concerned. (shrink)

En marzo de 2023, en la Facultad de Humanidades de UAEMéx, se llevó a cabo el primer congreso internacional dedicado específicamente a la Filosofía Mexicana, coincidiendo con los 80 años de la publicación de la Historia escrita por Ramos. En este evento, se mostró el avance enorme y la consolidación nacional e internacional de nuestra filosofía. En la presente obra se da cuenta de parte de los trabajos presentados en este evento académico, dejando al lector un acercamiento al mundo plural (...) y amplio que en la actualidad representa esta línea de investigación. (shrink)

To test whether mental activities collected from non-REM sleep are influenced by REM sleep, we suppressed REM sleep using clomipramine 50 mg or placebo in the evening, in a double blind cross-over design, in 11 healthy young men. Subjects were awakened every hour and asked about their mental activity. The marked REM-sleep suppression induced by clomipramine did not substantially affect any aspects of dream recall . Since long, complex and bizarre dreams persist even after suppressing REM sleep either partially or (...) totally, it suggests that the generation of mental activity during sleep is independent of sleep stage. (shrink)

The main problem of the Spanish local finance system derives from the existence of two opposite models: LOFCA model versus Floral system. As a result of this opposition, the Spanish system has moved some distance away from the theoretical principles of sound fiscal federalism. The analysis carried out in the article points out clearly the need to improve the fiscal mechanisms of responsibility and financial autonomy and to introduce a system of interjurisdictional responsibility which should palliate the defects detected in (...) the actual system in order to maximise the political and economic advantages of an authentic fiscal decentralisation.Le problème majeur du système espagnol de finances locales réside dans l’existence de deux modèles opposés: le modèle LOFCA et le système Floral. En raison de cette opposition, le système espagnol s’est considérablement écarté des principes affirmés par la théorie d’un authentique fédéralisme fiscal. L’analyse conduite dans l’article met en évidence la nécessité d’améliorer les mécanismes fiscaux de responsabilité et d’autonomie financière des collectivités locales espagnoles en introduisant un système de responsabilité inter-juridictionnelle capable d’éliminer les incohérences du système ; ce qui permettra de tirer pleinement partie des avantages politiques et économiques inhérents à la décentralisation fiscale. (shrink)

De acuerdo con los informes del Observatorio Español sobre Drogas, organismo institucional responsable del análisis del fenómeno de las drogodependencias en el conjunto de España, en los últimos años de la década del 2000 viene registrándose un descenso general en los consumos de sustancias psicoactivas, tanto de comercio legal como ilegal, tal vez con la única excepción de los hipnosedantes y antidepresivos. Ciertamente esta primera afirmación genérica debe matizarse, ya que este fenómeno no se da de forma similar para todas (...) las sustancias, ni sigue la misma evolución en todos los casos; pero aún así es un hecho constatable que de alguna manera contradice los frecuentes mensajes alarmistas sobre la situación de las drogas, su consumo y las consecuencias de este en nuestro país. (shrink)

Love has been present in several manifestations in that Islamic thought has been expressed. Avicena wrote a Treatise on Love that has been considered as a mystic writing. An attentive reading of this work shows that its content is not mystic neither gnostic, but it rather agrees with the Avicenna’s philosophical doctrines exposed on other of his most important works. The content of that Treatise is described on this paper.

En esta ponencia se exponen los diversos caminos de acceso a la Verdad que históricamente se han dado en el Islam: la tradición, la razón y el corazón. Estos dos últimos dan lugar a la filosofía y a la mística. A la vez que se señalan algunas coincidencias entre ellas, también se ponen de relieve las divergencias que las separan.

Luego de un rápido bosquejo de las etapas por las que ha pasado el pensamiento filosófico-cristiano en América Latina, el trabajo se concentra en la principales tendencias y autores en el período que va de la década del 40 del siglo XX hasta el momento que se publica el ensayo en 1998.

En este texto, el autor dirige una mirada hacia una estética renovada de la mano de los manuscritos de Marx; desde un acercamiento personal al pensamiento estético de Sánchez Vázquez, todo ello reflexionado a lo largo de 14 tesis sobre los valores estéticos, partiendo de dos libros de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez “Las ideas estéticas de Marx” e “Invitación a la estética”.

En este artículo se presenta la recepción que tuvo en la modernidad la teoría de Leibniz conocida como doctrina del optimismo. Aunque son las interpretaciones de Kant y de Hegel las que nos van a ocupar, para contextualizar la doctrina del mejor de los mundos posibles, será imprescindible referirnos a la acogida inmediata que la tesis tuvo en la Ilustración. A continuación, se analizará el texto de Kant «Algunas observaciones sobre el optimismo» y su defensa de las tesis de Leibniz. (...) Dedicamos el último apartado del artículo a la lección que Hegel dedicó a la cuestión del optimismo de Leibniz en sus Lecciones sobre la historia de la filosofía. (shrink)

Com os conceitos de vida como “organismo em interação com o meio”, de John Dewey, e de vida, como “vontade de potência”, de Friedrich Nietzsche, elaborados em resposta à problemática envolvendo questões de experiência estética, buscamos, no presente artigo, analisar possíveis similaridades entre eles e, assim, destacar a relevância atual dessas abordagens para se pensar uma estética menos canônica, mais atenta aos afetos e, portanto, mais próxima da vida.

En la Edad Moderna numerosos exiliados llegaron hasta la Corte de la Monarquía Hispánica en búsqueda de auxilio y refugio bajo el poder imperial de los Austrias. Uno de ellos fue Muley Hamet (Mawlāy Aḥmad), un príncipe jarife de la dinastía saʿdī de Marruecos, con aspiraciones de conseguir el amparo de Felipe IV para recuperar su legitimidad como heredero al trono de Fez. El análisis de la documentación burocrática que generó su incómoda presencia en Getafe, entre 1648 y 1649, servirá (...) en el presente artículo no solo para esclarecer esta enturbiada figura principesca entre otras de la época, sino también para reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de recepción de extranjeros en la corona castellana ante sujetos cuya confesión difería del catolicismo. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:PrefaceJoan Ramon ResinaAt a time when critical practices are moving beyond poststructuralism into an area that only with considerable effrontery could be labeled by means of another post-, diacritics enters a new phase without forsaking its commitment to the best and most daring contemporary criticism. The journal aims to reinvigorate itself by reaffirming its origin in Romance Studies and recapturing its balance between an ample zone of relative (...) cultural identity and the various (and multiplying) specificities that turn the mirage of identity into a criss-crossing of relations. The purpose is not to look back to a traditional discipline but forward to emerging areas of intellectual endeavor that are changing the long-established balance of critical interests both inside and outside the discipline. With this object in mind, diacritics will devote attention to critical and theoretical issues relating to the Romance cultures of America, including Francophone Canada, Brazil, the Spanish-speaking countries, and US Latino culture. Concurrently, it will widen its long-established interest in French cultural studies and theory to include the many cultures of the Mediterranean basin. The space of these cultures, which once constituted the West’s cultural, economic, and political horizon, is now reemerging as a crucial axis and the place of articulation between a reconfigurating Europe, a fast-changing Africa, and a critical Near East. Thus diacritics intends to maintain its strong metacritical tradition while enhancing the scope of cultural issues in keeping with its proven combination of theoretical rigor, cultural focus, and wide-angled concerns.Copyright © 1999 The Johns Hopkins University Press... (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:diacritics 30.1 (2000) 49-77 [Access article in PDF] The Time of the King Gift and Exchange in Zorrilla's Don Juan Tenorio Joan Ramon Resina There is something paradoxical about José Zorrilla's revision of the Don Juan legend, a certain contradiction between the play's structure and the logic of the action. The character of the protagonist, the form and implications of Don Juan's salvation, the strategies and temporality of (...) seduction, even the play's generic status--all come under the law of self-cancellation. And so does the historical time in which the play is set: the time of absolute monarchy. The proportionality between terrestrial and eschatological time, organic to the play's Golden Age precursor, 1 is strangely neutralized in Zorrilla's work through an expanding temporality without equivalent in the afterlife; and the same is true of the king's dramatic role through his removal from the scene, which he regulates nonetheless as deus ex machina of the social edifice.A nineteenth-century reader, Francesc Pi i Margall, remarked that "Zorrilla hace a Don Juan escéptico o creyente según lo van exigiendo las peripecias de su drama, y merced a esa indeterminación del carácter, le pone repetidamente en contradicción consigo mismo" (Zorrilla makes Don Juan a skeptic or a believer depending on the drama's events, and by virtue of this indeterminacy, he brings his character repeatedly into contradiction with himself) [204]. This indeterminacy affects not only the libertine's relation to religion but also the doctrinal coherence of the play, which has been the object of debate [see Mazzeo; Abrams; Wang; Romero]. Others, curiously, detect a contradiction between the play's sound theological conception and the author, who "quizá no sabe apenas nada de teología" (perhaps knows next to nothing about theology) [Alberich 16]. Yet not only Don Juan's piety but also his seductions appear self-annulling. For Luis Fernández Cifuentes, Zorrilla's most original and thus most revealing decision is "presentar el acto de seducción engañosa en el momento mismo en que deja de serlo: la carta con que comienza el drama participa de una tradición que también cancela. En el curso de la obra, es y no es un instrumento de seducción; sin cambiar de palabras, es a la vez falsa y verdadera... " (to present the act of deceitful seduction at the very moment in which it stops being deceitful: the letter with which the play starts participates in a tradition which it also cancels. Throughout the play the letter is and is not a tool of seduction; its words are at once true and false...) [83]. In the same line of structural contradictions must be included the play's temporality, which runs counter to the causal logic of the action. As Gustavo Pérez Firmat points out: "In Juan's verses normal temporal and causal sequence collapses, for future events are always catching up and outstripping the present, as if time were circular and past, present, and future travelled the circle at different speeds" [7]. Even the play's representativeness as a privileged [End Page 49] instance of Spanish romanticism has been flatly denied in light of its inconsistencies with the patterns of that movement [Gies, "José Zorrilla"]. 2 But perhaps the most telling contradiction is the one between the play's undiminished popularity for almost a century and its author's sedulous efforts to undermine its prestige. 3Author's second thoughts? A repentant artist in ascetic revulsion against mundane acclaim? It seems reasonable to assume a link between the play's popularity and the contradictions to which it gives expression. Thus, taking at face value the tired notion that Don Juan presents a fundamentally Spanish profile, 4 I will inquire whether the play's manifest contradictions are culturally efficient. 5 To this end, I will need to consider a possible incongruity between nineteenth-century forms of consciousness and the objective historical conditions. Joaquín Casalduero already pointed out a discrepancy between historical changes and... (shrink)

Neste artigo são examinados os aspectos do Assédio Moral que foram fundamentais para a emergência da Psicologia Organizacional, destacando os Movimentos Sociais e a Construção de Novas Concepções em Psicologia.

For this new anthology, Anthony Bonner has chosen central texts from his acclaimed two-volume compilation Selected Works of Ramon Llull. Available for the first time in an affordable format, these works serve as an introduction to the life and writings of the Catalan philosopher, mystic, and theologian who lived from 1232 to 1316. Founder of a school of Arabic and other languages, Llull was also a poet and novelist and one of the creators of literary Catalan. This volume contains (...) three prefaces on Llull's life, thought, and reputation. Of Llull's works, it offers Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men, his seminal Christian apology; the Ars brevis, a summary of his philosophical system; The Book of the Lover and the Beloved, a celebration of mystical love in the courtly tradition; and his wittily scathing Book of the Beasts. (shrink)

Opposing Viewpoints is the leading source for libraries and classrooms in need of current-issue materials. The viewpoints are selected from a wide range of highly respected sources and publications.

According to some authors, Latour’s attention to politics during the last decades is the result of his proposing a different approach to politics that entails, with respect to his overall project, one of two situations. Either his epistemological proposal has suffered a “normative turn”—which necessarily breaks with the previous assumptions of Actor-Network Theory (ANT); or, if ANT’s view on technosciences remains valid, his political proposal becomes not possible as a new normative approach. In this paper, I will focus on the (...) critique voiced by John Law, as well as Graham Harman. I will argue that this is a false dilemma because there has not been a change in Latour’s conceptual basis, nor a lack of coherence within his thought that would undermine the democratic commitment of his Political Epistemology. I will justify this by exposing the fact that Latour’s overall project, as part of Science Studies, has not lately followed a “political” but an “ontological” turn, which has been underling his works since the very beginning of ANT. (shrink)