Results for 'Ralph Steinhardt'

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  1. Justified Inference.Ralph Wedgwood - 2012 - Synthese 189 (2):273-295.
    What is the connection between justification and the kind of consequence relations that are studied by logic? In this essay, I shall try to provide an answer, by proposing a general conception of the kind of inference that counts as justified or rational.
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  2. Outright Belief.Ralph Wedgwood - 2012 - Dialectica 66 (3):309–329.
    Sometimes, we think of belief as a phenomenon that comes in degrees – that is, in the many different levels of confidence that a thinker might have in various different propositions. Sometimes, we think of belief as a simple two-place relation that holds between a thinker and a proposition – that is, as what I shall here call "outright belief".
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  3. Must rational intentions maximize utility?Ralph Wedgwood - 2017 - Philosophical Explorations 20 (sup2):73-92.
    Suppose that it is rational to choose or intend a course of action if and only if the course of action maximizes some sort of expectation of some sort of value. What sort of value should this definition appeal to? According to an influential neo-Humean view, the answer is “Utility”, where utility is defined as a measure of subjective preference. According to a rival neo-Aristotelian view, the answer is “Choiceworthiness”, where choiceworthiness is an irreducibly normative notion of a course of (...)
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  4. Akrasia and Uncertainty.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 20 (4):483–505.
    According to John Broome, akrasia consists in a failure to intend to do something that one believes one ought to do, and such akrasia is necessarily irrational. In fact, however, failing to intend something that one believes one ought to do is only guaranteed to be irrational if one is certain of a maximally detailed proposition about what one ought to do; if one is uncertain about any part of the full story about what one ought to do, it could (...)
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  5. Rational 'ought' implies 'can'.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - Philosophical Issues 23 (1):70-92.
    Every kind of ‘ought’ implies some kind of ‘can’ – but there are many kinds of ‘ought’ and even more kinds of ‘can’. In this essay, I shall focus on a particular kind of ‘ought’ – specifically, on what I shall call the “rational ‘ought’”. On every occasion of use, this kind of ‘ought’ is focused on the situation of a particular agent at a particular time; but this kind of ‘ought’ is concerned, not with how that agent acts at (...)
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  6. The Right Thing to Believe.Ralph Wedgwood - 2013 - In Timothy Hoo Wai Chan, The Aim of Belief. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 123-139.
    Many philosophers have claimed that “belief aims at the truth”. But is there any interpretation of this claim on which it counts as true? According to some philosophers, the best interpretation of the claim takes it as the normative thesis that belief is subject to a truth-norm. The goal of this essay is to clarify this normative interpretation of the claim. First, the claim can be developed so that it applies to partial beliefs as well as to flat-out full beliefs. (...)
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  7. Objective and Subjective 'Ought'.Ralph Wedgwood - 2016 - In Nate Charlow & Matthew Chrisman, Deontic Modality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 143-168.
    This essay offers an account of the truth conditions of sentences involving deontic modals like ‘ought’, designed to capture the difference between objective and subjective kinds of ‘ought’ This account resembles the classical semantics for deontic logic: according to this account, these truths conditions involve a function from the world of evaluation to a domain of worlds (equivalent to a so-called “modal base”), and an ordering of the worlds in such domains; this ordering of the worlds itself arises from two (...)
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  8.  48
    Newton on Matter and Activity.Ralph C. S. Walker & Ernan McMullin - 1980 - Philosophical Quarterly 30 (120):249.
  9. “How to Compare?” - On the Methodological State of Comparative Philosophy.Ralph Weber - 2013 - Philosophy Compass 8 (7):593-603.
    From early on, comparative philosophy has had on offer a high variety of goals, approaches and methodologies. Such high variety is still today a trademark of the discipline, and it is not uncommon of representatives of one camp in comparative philosophy to think of those in other camps as not really being about ‘comparative philosophy’. Much of the disagreement arguably has to do with methodological problems related to the concept of comparison and with the widely prevailing but unwarranted assumption that (...)
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  10.  21
    General biology and philosophy of organism.Ralph Stayner Lillie - 1945 - Chicago, Ill.,: University of Chicago Press.
  11.  1
    The Normativity of the Intentional.Ralph Wedgwood - 2007 - In Brian McLaughlin, Ansgar Beckermann & Sven Walter, The Oxford handbook of philosophy of mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Many philosophers have claimed that the intentional is normative. (This claim is the analogue, within the philosophy of mind, of the claim that is often made within the philosophy of language, that meaning is normative.) But what exactly does this claim mean? And what reason is there for believing it? In this paper, I shall first try to clarify the content of the claim that the intentional is normative. Then I shall examine a number of the arguments that philosophers have (...)
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  12. Discourse on Metaphysics, Correspondence with Arnauld, and Monadology.Ralph Barton Leibniz - 1902 - The Monist 12:459.
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  13.  51
    Afterword/Afterwards.Ralph Weber & Arindam Chakrabarti - 2016 - In [no title]. pp. 227-246.
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  14.  94
    Why Talk about Chinese Metaphysics?Ralph Weber - 2013 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 8 (1):99-119.
  15. Salmon versus Kripke on the A Priori.Ralph Kennedy - 1987 - Analysis 47 (3):158 - 161.
  16.  81
    Book-reviews.Ralph Berry - 1968 - British Journal of Aesthetics 8 (1):89-b-90.
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  17.  59
    On Imagologies.Ralph Berets - 1997 - Film-Philosophy 1 (1).
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  18.  78
    A criticism of scepticism and relativism.Ralph Mason Blake - 1924 - Journal of Philosophy 21 (10):253-272.
  19.  50
    Report of the annual meeting of the eastern division of the american philosophical association.Ralph M. Blake - 1929 - Journal of Philosophy 26 (5):124-134.
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  20.  20
    Personalism.Ralph Tyler Flewelling - 1953 - Philosophical Review 62 (4):641.
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  21. The Coherence of Hamblin’s Fallacies.Ralph Johnson - 2011 - Informal Logic 31 (4):305-317.
    Hamblin’s Fallacies remains one of the crucial documents in the development of informal logic and argumentation theory. His critique of traditional approaches to the fallacies (what he dubbed ‘The Standard Treatment’) helped to revitalize the study of fallacies. Recently I had occasion to reread Fallacies and came to the conclusion that some of my earlier criticisms (1989, 1990) had missed the real force of what was going on there, that I and others have perhaps not fully appreciated what Hamblin is (...)
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  22.  24
    The Literary Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society (review).Ralph Albanese - 1984 - Philosophy and Literature 8 (1):135-136.
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  23.  40
    Kant and the Thing In Itself.Ralph Blumenau - 2001 - Philosophy Now 31:18-21.
  24.  25
    Literary Theory / Renaissance Texts (review).Ralph Flores - 1988 - Philosophy and Literature 12 (2):311-313.
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  25.  26
    Redrawing the Lines: Analytic Philosophy, Deconstruction, and Literary Theory (review).Ralph Flores - 1990 - Philosophy and Literature 14 (1):196-197.
  26.  88
    Interpreting Shell's 'Clear Thinking in Troubled Times'.Ralph H. Johnson - 2001 - Informal Logic 21 (3).
  27.  32
    A Note on Aristotle's Homoeomery and the Fragments of Anaxagoras.Ralph J. Masiello - 1969 - Modern Schoolman 46 (2):135-140.
  28.  48
    Kierkegaard and Speculative Thought.Ralph M. McInerny - 1966 - New Scholasticism 40 (1):23-35.
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  29.  37
    (1 other version)Truth in Ethics.Ralph M. McInerny - 1969 - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 43:71-82.
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  30. On Religion in R.G. Collingwood’s Speculum Mentis.Ralph Norman - 2024 - Collingwood and British Idealism Studies 30 (1):41-77.
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  31.  54
    Taking Roger Ames's Confucian Role Ethics on Its Own Terms: A Pragmatist Critique." Book review of Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary, by Roger T. Ames, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2011.Ralph Weber - unknown
  32. Transhumanismus und die Metaphysik der menschlichen Person.Ralph Weir - 2018 - In Benedikt Paul Göcke und Frank Meier-Hamidi, Designobjekt Mensch. Herder. pp. 225-258.
    Mit beeindruckender Geschwindigkeit hat der Transhumanismus in akademischen Kreisen und den Medien immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Er wird von angesehenen Denkern unterstützt. Die ihm zugrunde liegende Triebkraft, Technologie zum größtmöglichen Nutzen der Menschen zu nutzen, hat offenbar ihren Reiz. Dennoch begegnet ein beachtlicher Teil der Menschen dem Transhumanismus mit Skepsis, Abneigung, sogar Verachtung. Ein verwirrendes Phänomen.
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  33. Bertrand Russell and the Peace Movement.Ralph Schoenman - 1974 - In George Nakhnikian, Bertrand Russell's philosophy. [London]: Duckworth.
  34.  97
    Practical and Theoretical Rationality.Ralph Wedgwood - 2021 - In Markus Knauff & Wolfgang Spohn, The Handbook of Rationality. London: MIT Press. pp. 137-145.
    Philosophers have long distinguished between practical and theoretical rationality. The first section of this chapter begins by discussing the ways in which this distinction was drawn by Aristotle and Kant; then it sketches what seems to be the general consensus today about how, at least roughly, the distinction should be drawn. The rest of this chapter explores what practical and theoretical rationality have in common: in the second section, several parallels between practical and theoretical rationality are outlined, and it is (...)
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  35.  59
    Towards a post-Freudian theory of repression: Reflections on the role of inhibitory functions.Ralph E. Schmidt & Martial Van der Linden - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (5):530-531.
    Although Freud's merits may be readily acknowledged in the year of his 150th birthday, recent findings on repression-related phenomena cannot be accommodated by his classic conception, on which Erdelyi's theory is built. This point is illustrated by discussing the role of inhibitory processes. The unified theory of repression should be elaborated to generate falsifiable predictions on the reported phenomena.
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  36. General Biology and Philosophy of Organism.Ralph Stayner Lillie - 1947 - Philosophical Review 56:339.
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  37.  63
    Some aspects of theoretical biology.Ralph S. Lillie - 1948 - Philosophy of Science 15 (2):118-134.
    A theory in natural science is a comprehensive formula or doctrine which describes and correlates in a unified abstract form of statement the general determining factors of some special group of natural facts. It is at once inclusive, realistic and understandable. If a theoretical statement holds good, the existence and characteristics of many individual events can be inferred deductively from it. It thus gives a logical basis for empirical fact. But it is based on experience of nature, and must conform (...)
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  38.  87
    The problem of vital organization.Ralph S. Lillie - 1934 - Philosophy of Science 1 (3):296-312.
    In considering this problem a distinction should first be made between its scientific and it philosophical aspects. The scientific problem is that of defining in exact understandable terms those conditions and factors which make possible the synthesis of the living organism from the simpler elements of the non-living environment, and also its maintenance in the adult state as a fully developed and autonomous organic individual. The problem as thus stated is one to be approached by methods of observation and experiment, (...)
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  39.  30
    When Informal Logic Met Critical Thinking.Dr Ralph H. Johnson - 2012 - Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 27 (3):5-14.
    In this reflection piece, Ralph Johnson provides an account of the development of informal logic and how it intersected with the Critical Thinking Movement. Section I is an account of the origins of what Johnson calls the “Informal Logic Initiative.” Section II discusses how the Informal Logic Initiative connected with the Critical Thinking Movement at the Sonoma State University Conferences starting in 1981. Section III discusses the relationship between logic and critical thinking. Section IV describes “The Network Problem,” which (...)
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  40.  9
    Embracing the social and the creative: new scenarios for teacher education.Ralph Leighton - 2015 - British Journal of Educational Studies 63 (1):110-112.
  41.  29
    The education of radical democracy. by Sarah S. Amsler.Ralph Leighton - 2016 - British Journal of Educational Studies 64 (4):548-550.
  42.  93
    Living systems and non-living systems.Ralph S. Lillie - 1942 - Philosophy of Science 9 (4):307-322.
    Biology is in a unique position among the natural sciences. It is not simply complex physics and chemistry, for living organisms have a psychological as well as a physical side. Even as physical systems their character is highly special, largely because their material substance is continually changing; perhaps it was from them that Heraclitus derived his idea that all is flow. The comparison with vortexes and candle flames is an old one. Wilhelm Ostwald included living organisms in his class of (...)
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  43.  53
    Paolo Cesaretti, L'Impero perduto. Vita di Anna di Bisanzio, una sovrana tra Oriente e Occidente.Ralph-Johannes Lilie - 2008 - Byzantinische Zeitschrift 101 (1):245-246.
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  44.  23
    Philosophy of organism: A rejoinder to professor Werkmeister.Ralph S. Lillie - 1947 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 8 (4):706-711.
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  45.  13
    Sonderbare Heilige.Ralph-Johannes Lilie - 2008 - Millennium 5 (1):225-260.
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  46.  33
    The directive influence in living organisms.Ralph S. Lillie - 1932 - Journal of Philosophy 29 (18):477-491.
  47.  59
    Types of physical determination and the activities of living organisms.Ralph S. Lillie - 1931 - Journal of Philosophy 28 (21):561-573.
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  48.  44
    The scientific view of life.Ralph S. Lillie - 1928 - Journal of Philosophy 25 (22):589-606.
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  49.  14
    Arts of the South Seas.Ralph Linton & Paul S. Wingert - 1947 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 5 (4):323-324.
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  50.  42
    Koch's postulates confirm cholinergic modulation of Rem sleep.Ralph Lydic & Helen A. Baghdoyan - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6):966-966.
    Robert Koch discovered the causal agents for tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. The 1905 Nobel Prize acknowledged Koch 's criteria for identifying the causal agent of an infectious disease. These criteria remain useful and the data reviewed below show that the cholinergic contributions to REM sleep control are confirmed by Koch 's postulates. [Hobson et al.].
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