Erudition as a cultist topic and style, recreated in countless traditional sources, helps Colombian writer R. H. Moreno-Durán to establish a delicate equilibrium between the parodic forms of linguistics research and the recreational contents that reflect the thinking conscience of men and the dialogic sphere of their existence. All these elements are present in his novel, El toque de Diana (Diana’s touch) and are conjugated to the theoretical contribution of Mijail Bajtín, and they make it possible to explain the exploration (...) of a fictional legacy that depends on the willful language of its characters to metaphorize the unfinished and multifaceted character of a violent society, in continuous crisis, such as the Colombian society. (shrink)

Objective: Deep brain stimulation targeted to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is effective for motor symptoms in essential tremor, but there is limited data on cognitive outcomes. We examined cognitive outcomes in a large cohort of ET DBS patients.Methods: In a retrospective analysis, we used repeated-measures ANOVA testing to examine whether the age of tremor onset, age at DBS surgery, hemisphere side implanted with lead, unilateral vs. bilateral implantations, and presence of surgical complications influenced the cognitive outcomes. Neuropsychological (...) outcomes of interest were verbal memory, executive functioning, working memory, language functioning, visuospatial functioning, and general cognitive function.Results: We identified 50 ET DBS patients; 29 males; the mean age of tremor onset was 35.84 years with a median age of 38 years. The mean age at DBS was 68.18 years. There were 37 unilateral 30 left, seven right, and 13 bilateral brain implantations. In the subgroup analysis, there was a significant interaction between assessment and age of tremor onset ; F = 4.47; p = 0.043 for working memory. The post hoc testing found improvements for younger onset ET. Similarly, there was a significant interaction between assessment and complications vs. no complications subgroups; F = 4.34; p = 0.043 for verbal memory with worsening scores seen for ET patients with complications. The remaining tests were not significant.Conclusion: In this large cohort of ET patients with, DBS was not accompanied by a significant decline in many cognitive domains. These outcomes were possibly related to the selection of patients with normal cognitive functioning before surgery, unilateral DBS implantations for the majority, and selection of patients with optimal response to DBS. (shrink)

Retraction note: Rangel Pico, A. N., Ramírez Oliveros, E. P. & Zambrano Valdivieso, Ó. J. (2023). Design and execution of a sensor to measure air quality in work environments. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 19(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4998 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope (...) of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

In memoriam José Arrazola Ramírez The logic $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ was introduced by Osorio et al. in 2008; it is a three-valued logic, closely related to the paraconsistent logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ introduced by Osorio et al. in 2014. The logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ is defined in terms of a multi-valued semantics and has the property that each theorem in $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ is a theorem in $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$. Kripke-type semantics has been given to $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ in two different ways by Borja et al. in 2016. In this work, (...) we continue the study of $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$, obtaining a Hilbert-type axiomatic system and proving a soundness and completeness theorem for this logic. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The current political, economic and social processes that appear as symptoms of the new World order organization attempt to take account by Antoni Negri and Michael Hardt in their book Empire. The power, now is in transnational (...) and supranational organisms hands. The new power is decentralized, deterritorialized and its con fi gured as a network. In this sense, capital is imposed over any constraint that prevents from its global expansion. In sum, capital organise its territory as a “non place”. Meanwhile this new world is organized certain practices arise in order to subvert it. Inmaterial labor political proposal implies the reappropiation of the control over the space by the multitude: to build a “new place” in the “non place”. (shrink)

This work analyzes and characterizes the spread of the COVID-19 disease in Mexico, using complex networks and optimization approaches. Specifically, we present two methodologies based on the principle of the rupture for the GC and Newton's law of motion to quantify the robustness and identify the Mexican municipalities whose population causes a fast spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Specifically, the first methodology is based on several characteristics of the original version of the Vertex Separator Problem, and the second is based (...) on a new mathematical model. By solving VSP, we can find nodes that cause the rupture of the giant component. On the other hand, solving the NLM can find more influential nodes for the entire system’s development. Specifically, we present an analysis using a coupled social network model with information about the main characteristics of the contagion and deaths caused by COVID-19 in Mexico for 19 months. This work aims to show through the approach of complex networks how the spread of the disease behaves, and, thus, researchers from other areas can delve into the characteristics that cause this behavior. (shrink)

Excelente iniciativa de publicar escritos éditos e inéditos de José Torres Orozco, uno de los últimos representantes del positivismo en México. Juan Hernández Luna presenta los aspectos biográficos del autor como su posición dentro del positivismo mexicano. Es de interés señalar que entre los escritos filosóficos hay varios dedicados a Nietzche. Entre los psicológicos, uno de 1922 se ocupa de Freud"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.

The idea of food sovereignty has its roots primarily in the response of small producers in developing countries to decreasing levels of control over land, production practices, and food access. While the concerns of urban Chicagoans struggling with low food access may seem far from these issues, the authors believe that the ideas associated with food sovereignty will lead to the construction of solutions to what is often called the “food desert” issue that serve and empower communities in ways that (...) less democratic solutions do not. In Chicago and elsewhere, residents and activists often see and experience racial and economic inequalities through the variety of stores and other food access sites available in their community. The connections between food access, respect, and activism are first considered through a set of statements of Chicagoans living in food access poor areas. We will then discuss these connections through the work and philosophy of activists in Chicago centered in food sovereignty and food justice. Particular focus will be placed on Growing Power, an urban food production, distribution, and learning organization working primarily in Milwaukee and Chicago, and Healthy South Chicago, a community coalition focused on health issues in a working class area of the city. (shrink)

The paper is a metaethical reflection on basic concepts in bioethics. It focuses on the concepts of autonomy and dignity and distinguishes what I take to be three central meanings of each that allow paring with each other. I show how these are all necessary for reflection about bioethical questions and complementary. Further reflection abounds into the role they are to play in bioethical discussions and the different levels of epistemic thickness that reflection in each case requires. Kant, Rawls and (...) Habermas are central in this last sense. In reflecting upon these matters some poignant contemporary issues are addressed such as the attribution of dignity to potential super intelligences or the role of thick personal identities in bioethical reflection. One problem in bioethical discussions is that these different meanings and perspectives are not clearly distinguished and tend to be mixed with each other or considered in exclusive ways, this drives to confusion and sometimes superficial reflection. The paper shows the importance of taking all these perspectives simultaneously and how each one contributes to case analysis, as well as the need to alternate differing levels of epistemic concretion in so thinking. Conceptual analysis, with some historical basis, and metaethical considerations on formal epistemic aspects of bioethical thinking are the main methods used. (shrink)

Epistemologists often remark that knowledge precludes luck. A true belief based on a guess or hunch is not knowledge because it seems merely fortuitous, too much of an accident, and, well, lucky that one happened to get things right. Of course, true beliefs based on guesses and hunches are not justified. However, Gettier cases have persuasively shown that even justified true beliefs can admit knowledge‐precluding kinds of luck. So in what sense are justified true beliefs that don’t amount knowledge lucky (...) or ‘true only by chance’? I will address three different approaches to epistemic luck that have received significant attention in the recent literature: reliability approaches to epistemic luck, credit approaches to epistemic luck, and responsibilist or control approaches to epistemic luck. I will then turn my attention to the implications that epistemic luck has for other epistemic states. I will focus particularly on state of understanding and examine whether, and to what extent, understanding is vulnerable to epistemic luck. (shrink)

This chapter examines three characteristics of environmental sciences—prediction, replication and the use of models—to explore their dissonance with the traditional representation of science. While ‘Science’ is often idealised as objective, universal, and context-independent, environmental sciences operate in ways that do not fit into these assumptions. The chapter draws on Bruno Latour’s distinction between ‘Science’ and ‘sciences’ to argue that environmental sciences, with their inherent uncertainties, local contexts, and interdisciplinary methods, conflict with the image of science as a monolithic and universally (...) reliable source of knowledge. Referring to case studies, the text explores how environmental sciences craft complex, interconnected systems that defy the reproducibility and predictability often associated with ‘Science’. This dissonance, maintains, has led to issues such as climate denialism and the politicisation of scientific knowledge. From this perspective, a call is made for a revaluation of how environmental sciences are represented in both public and policy arenas, calling for a more nuanced understanding of their provisional, context-specific nature and for educational reforms that help the public better grasp the complexities of scientific knowledge production. (shrink)

El estudio de la experiencia mística se ha hecho desde diversos campos del conocimiento humano. Sin embargo, se ha considerado que un estudio que involucre la ciencia y la mística sólo podría conducir a una visión desacralizada de esta experiencia. Pero esta postura refleja más bien un desconocimiento en el cambio de paradigma que ha tenido la ciencia desde inicios del siglo XX. El propósito de este artículo es contextualizar este diálogo entre ciencia y mística a partir de una postura (...) naturalizada que permita comprender la experiencia mística en su dimensión biológica, al estudiar el rasgo singularísimo de la pasividad mística, justamente, desde este enfoque naturalizado. (shrink)

«Palabra de Dios» no se dice sólo con referencia a las Sagradas Escrituras; Jesucristo es la Palabra de Dios por antonomasia frente a la cual las demás expresiones de Palabra de Dios, incluyendo la Biblia, lo serán en sentido análogo y dependiente. Esto significa que tras la hermenéutica bíblica cristiana subyace la fe cristológica, de tal modo que lo que se predica de la naturaleza de la Sagrada Escritura, Palabra de Dios puesta por escrito, sea consecuencia directa de lo que (...) se predica de Jesucristo, Palabra de Dios encarnada. Ello, además de incidir en la vida y la fe del creyente, tiene importantes implicaciones epistemológicas, metodológicas y práxicas para la hermenéutica bíblica hoy. «Word of God» doesn’t onlj refer to the Holj Scaptures; Jesús Christ is the Word of God par excellence against which all other expressions of God’s Word, including the Bible, are anahgous and dependent. This means that behind Christian biblical hermeneutics lies faith in Christ, so that what is preached on the nature of the Holj Scripture, the written Word of God, is directlj dependent on what is preached about Jesús Christ, the Word of God incarnate. This, besides influencing the ufe and faith of the beüever, has important epistemological, methodological and practical consequences for current biblical hermeneutics. (shrink)

The study of pragmatic competence has gained increasing importance within second language assessment over the last three decades. However, its study in L2 language testing is still scarce. The aim of this paper is to research the extent to which pragmatic competence as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has been accommodated in the task descriptions and rating scales of two of the most popular Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) at a C1 level: Cambridge’s Certificate in (...) Advanced English (CAE) and Trinity’s Integrated Skills in English (ISE) III. To carry out this research, OPI tests are first defined, highlighting their differences from L2 pragmatic tests. After pragmatic competence in the CEFR is examined, focusing on the updates in the new descriptors, CAE and ISE III formats, structure and task characteristics are compared, showing that, while the formats and some characteristics are found to differ, the structures and task types are comparable. Finally, we systematically analyse CEFR pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scale descriptors of both OPIs. The findings show that the task descriptions incorporate mostly aspects of discourse and design competence. Additionally, we find that each OPI is seen to prioritise different aspects of pragmatic competence within their rating scale, with CAE focusing mostly on discourse competence and fluency, and ISE III on functional competence. Our study shows that the tests fail to fully accommodate all aspects of pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scales, although the aspects they do incorporate follow the CEFR descriptors on pragmatic competence. It also reveals a mismatch between the task competences being tested and the rating scale. To conclude, some research lines are proposed. (shrink)

This paper shows the brain correlates of Cloninger’s personality model during the presentation of social scenarios under positive or negative valence situations. Social scenarios were constructed when participants played the Dictator game with two confederates that had two opposites roles as the cooperator and non-cooperator. Later the same day during a fMRI scanning session, participants read negative and positive situations that happened to confederates in the past. Participants were asked to think “how do you think those people felt during that (...) situation?” A dissimilarity matrix between stimuli were obtained from fMRI results. Results shown that Harm Avoidance trait people make use of right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop. Cooperation as a trait makes use of the right superior temporal gyrus and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in positive social scenarios. Finally, Self-directedness trait people make use of the right inferior parietal lobe to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in negative social scenarios and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and Strangers. An intuitive link between discrimination findings and behavioral patterns of those personality traits is proposed. (shrink)

Resumen Las tecnologías digitales han transfigurado el campo del arte teatral y vienen produciendo una serie de mutaciones que afectan la tradición perceptiva del espectáculo vivo. Para acercarnos a esos nuevos modos de comunicación que establece hoy el teatro, robustecido en el cruce con estas tecnologías, acudiremos al concepto de remediación planteado por Bolter y Grusin, para examinar en dos performances representativas de la escena latinoamericana del siglo XXI (Sin sangre, de Teatrocinema, yOthelo, de Buendía Theatre), las maneras cómo la (...) opacidad del medio (hipermediación) o su transparencia (inmediación) contribuyen a la construcción de las poéticas tecnológicas sobre la escena misma. Abstract Digital technologies have transfigured the field of theatrical art and have been producing a series of mutations that affect the perceptive tradition of live performance. To approach these new modes of communication that theater establishes today, strengthened in the intersection with these technologies, we will turn to the concept of remediation proposed by Bolter and Grusin, to examine two representative performances of the Latin American scene of the 21st century (Sin Sangre, by Teatrocinema, and Othelo, by Buendía Theatre), the ways in which the opacity of the medium (hypermediation) or its transparency (immediacy) contribute to the construction of technological poetics on the scene itself. (shrink)

El recurso de amparo en España es la principal garantía jurisdiccional para la protección dederechos definidos como fundamentales por la Constitución frente a actos concretos de las autoridades públicas y secundariamente de particulares. En este estudio se reflexiona sobre el referido mecanismo de tutela reforzada y privilegiada existente en el país europeo. El amparo constitucional es una garantía que sólo es posible considerar frente a aquellos derechos que en España se comprenden como fundamentales, no incluyendo numerosos derechos constitucionales o derechos (...) humanos que no se ajustan a la referida categoría conceptual.El Tribunal Constitucional se constituye en la sede básica para la resolución del amparo considerado como un recurso extraordinario, excepcional y subsidiario de protección de derechos fundamentales. Aunque sus sentencias de amparo resuelven casos concretos, sus motivaciones o consideraciones contienen parámetros para la interpretación de los referidos derechos, vinculando los poderes públicos frente a un razonamiento que pasa a tener un valor erga omnes.En este ensayo se busca contribuir, en cuanto a derecho comparado, en el estudio de las vecindades y diferencias del amparo con la acción de tutela en el caso colombiano. (shrink)

La discusión sobre el psicologismo lógico, que parecía ya superada desde Frege-Husserl, ha vuelto a posicionarse hoy en la filosofía de la lógica. Se examina, en primer lugar, la idea según la cual lo que hoy se entiende por lógica respondería en lo esencial a las tesis defendidas por el anti-psicologismo. En segundo término, se plantea que algunos enfoques actuales en ciencia cognitiva, como el de la facultad cognitiva proto-lógica de R.Hanna, y el de los dominios cognitivos, de Stennings y (...) van Lambalgen, permiten apoyar la idea de que la naturaleza de la lógica va más allá de los atributos antipsicologistas. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente, la experiencia mística tiene como uno de sus propósitos fundamentales alcanzar la liberación. Esta puede entenderse como el resultado de la superación de los condicionamientos del ego que permite el encuentro con nuestra mismidad. Se analiza la liberación desde un discurso epistemológico naturalizado, entendiéndola como un proceso de desautomatización que repercute sobre el sistema nervioso central y que suscita una transformación radical en la relación habitual que el hombre tiene con el mundo.

Hay usos de nombres vacíos de los que no podemos justificadamente decir que el hablante está comprometido con la existencia de un referente para el nombre en cuestión. Estos usos aparecen dentro de construcciones lingüísticas de la forma ‘X no existe', donde ‘X es un nombre vacío. Sin embargo, los hablantes logran comunicar información no trivial e incluso verdadera mediante dichos usos. Según la tradición metalingüística iniciada por R. Stalnaker (1978), una aseveración de ‘X no existe' comunica que "‘X' no (...) refiere". En este trabajo desarrollo una explicación hipotética que busca hacer avanzar esta tradición. De acuerdo con esta hipótesis, los actos de habla en cuestión son denegaciones metalingüísticas. Defiendo esta hipótesis comparándola con una propuesta metalingüística alternativa de L. Clapp (2008). There are uses of empty names where the speaker cannot justifiably be said to be committed to there being a referent for her use of the relevant name. These appear within negative existential constructions of the form ‘X doesn't exist' where ‘X' is an empty name. Yet, speakers manage to convey non-trivial and sometimes even truthful information with such uses. According to the metalinguistic tradition initiated by R. Stalnaker (1978) assertions of ‘X doesn't exist' convey the information that " ‘X doesn't refer". In this paper I develop a hypothetical account that purports to advance this tradition. On this view, these speech acts are understood as metalinguistic denials. I defend this hypothesis by comparing it against a recent metalinguistic proposal owed to L. Clapp (2008). (shrink)

El presente texto tiene por objeto contribuir a las discusiones en curso en torno de la emergencia de nuevos movimientos de ultra o extrema derecha en todo el mundo, en general, y en Occidente, de manera particular. Se recuperan, por un lado, los aportes elaborados por las lecturas materialistas (no-metafísicas) de la cultura y del racismo modernos, a partir del rescate del discurso crítico de Marx hecho por el pensamiento social americano; y por el otro, las teorizaciones formuladas por la (...) filosofía social alrededor de las formas que adopta el autoritarismo moderno dentro de los márgenes de reproducción del capitalismo contemporáneo. En ese sentido, la exposición se divide en tres apartados. El primero tiene el propósito de sentar las bases de la discusión sobre la reemergencia de fenómenos de extrema y ultraderecha en Occidente, identificando, sobre todo, cómo el recuerdo sobre el fascismo y el nacionalsocialismo europeos, propios de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, hace su aparición en el debate colectivo para designar a personajes, movimientos y dinámicas políticas, históricas y culturales tan diversas, heterogéneas y divergentes entre sí. En el siguiente apartado lo que se busca es abrir la discusión sobre una lectura no moralizante de las derechas históricas y contemporáneas y, asimismo, situar sus especificidades espacio-temporales concretas. Para finalizar, se hace una propuesta de lectura de estas nuevas derechas recentrando la discusión sobre del concepto de blanquitud, desarrollado por el filósofo mexicano Bolívar Echeverría. En términos expositivos, es importante señalar que el texto se compone por un diálogo permanente entre dos niveles de análisis (no solo por la naturaleza misma del problema expuesto, sino debido al necesario reconocimiento del vínculo dialéctico entre ambos niveles). A saber, el estrictamente analítico-filosófico, en el cual se exponen los contenidos ideológicos elementales que alimentaban a las viejas derechas y que distinguen a las nuevas de aquellas; y el histórico-político, encargado de situar históricamente (historizar) a ambos fenómenos (las viejas derechas y las nuevas), no solo como proyectos ideológicos sino como programas políticos diferenciados. Ello explica por qué, a lo largo del documento, existen pasajes con un fuerte contenido reflexivo de tipo teórico-conceptual, en los cuales se clarifica el instrumental categorial que es necesario para abordar el problema en cuestión, articulados a pasajes histórico-expositivos, tendientes a diferenciar, más que a homologar, los fenómenos contemporáneos con los pasados. (shrink)

Resumen En este artículo analizo las actividades de imagen que se realizan cuando se emplea tú genérico. Además, correlaciono la presencia de la segunda persona singular tácita o explícita con el tipo de actividades de imagen documentadas en el Corpus sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de México (CSCM). Los resultados sugieren que los hablantes muestran una preferencia por la omisión del sujeto pronominal de segunda persona singular genérico cuando realizan actividades de autoimagen y que esta estrategia les permite ocultar al yo. (...) Por el contrario, cuando realizan actividades de cortesía recurren con mayor frecuencia a la expresión de SP genéricos de segunda persona, esto es, el tú genérico explícito contribuye para codificar una estrategia centrada en el interlocutor. El análisis corrobora que los hablantes mexicanos se preocupan por el cuidado de su propia imagen y por la de sus interlocutores, privilegiando los deseos de imagen de afiliación. (shrink)

El artículo muestra una estrategia metodológica para garantizar la dirección del proceso educativo para el desarrollo de la habilidad intelectual modelación en los estudiantes; devela sus principales fundamentos epistémicos, sus etapas y acciones esenciales. Para ello se aplicaron métodos científicos de investigación. La constatación de los resultados brinda evidencias positivas acerca de su pertinencia, al considerar el carácter coparticipativo y coprotagónico que adquieren las influencias educativas en el contexto institucional en la dirección de un proceso educativo único. The article shows (...) a methodological strategy to ensure the teaching process direction in order develop intellectual skill modeling in students; It reveals its main epistemic foundations, its stages and essential actions. That is the reason for which different research scientific methods were applied. Verification of results provides positive evidence of its pertinence when considering the collaborative nature of the educational influences within the institutional context in the direction of a unique educational process. (shrink)

Since Ernest Sosa's (1980) seminal paper, a variety of views on the nature of intellectual virtues and their role in one's epistemic theory have emerged. These views, including Sosa's original, largely draw from moral counterparts for their motivation, articulation, and defense. Consider two broad accounts of intellectual virtues: -/- Consequentialist Conception (CC): An intellectual virtue is a stable disposition, ability, or power to reliably acquire epistemic goods (e.g., true belief and knowledge). -/- Aristotelian Conception (AC): An intellectual virtue is a (...) character trait involving an underlying psychological and behavioral structure directed at various epistemic goods. (shrink)

The paper, which compares Plato and Aristotle's different approaches towards artistic activity, is divided into three parts. The first part discusses Plato's Ion on mimesis and technē, as well as the role that poetry plays in the Republic. The second section offers an account of Aristotle's idea of happiness as the end of action. The last section of this study deals with an attempt to reconcile Plato and Aristotle's attitude towards mimetic art in a treatise by a Neoplatonic renaissance thinker, (...) Torquato Tasso. El artículo compara las concepciones de actividad artística en Platón y Aristóteles y se divide en tres partes. En la primera, se discuten la mimesis y la technē en el Ion de Platón, así como el papel de la poesía en la República. En la segunda, se hace un recuento de la idea de felicidad de Aristóteles como fin de la acción. En la última se discute el intento de reconciliación de las posiciones de Platón y Aristóteles reali-zado por el pensador neoplatónico renacentista, Torquato Tasso. (shrink)

Ressenya / Reseña / Review Benz, Ernst 2016, Mística y Romanticismo. Las fuentes místicas del Romanticismo alemán, Madrid: Siruela. ISBN 978-84-16638-25-3, 180 páginas.

ABSTRACT This article interprets a recently recovered manuscript, Tratado de astronomía y la reformaçión del tiempo, composed by Antonio Sánchez in New Granada c.1696, in the context of the Spanish and Renaissance cosmographies. Sánchez’s Tratado proposes a spherical astronomy, in which celestial bodies – including comets — move in orbs containing pyramidal knots that explain the changing speed observed in the motion of planets. From this astronomy and following the peninsular style of repertorios, Sánchez derives two major conclusions: the corrected (...) length of the solar year and a revised birth date of Jesus. Taking as center of reference Vélez, where Sánchez was based, these claims led to conclusions in domains ranging from calendric astronomy to eschatology, including the incorporation of the indigenous peoples into salvation narrative and a demonstration of the arrangement of the celestial orbs at the Last Judgment. Sánchez’s Tratado constitutes an expansion of the Spanish mathematical cosmography that sheds light on the production of knowledge in the Spanish-American world and, at the same time, provides elements to reassess our understanding of the global circulation of Renaissance and early modern ideas. (shrink)

I argue that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a bad approach for incarcerated psychopaths for two reasons. First, given what we know about psychopathy, empathy, and DBS, it is unlikely to function as an effective treatment for the moral problems that characterize psychopathy. Second, considerations of neurodiversity speak against seeing psychopathy as a mental illness in the first place.

Este trabajo esboza una forma de justificar el principio estructurador central de una teoría veritista de la evaluación epistémica, en respuesta a críticas planteadas por Eleonora Cresto a mi defensa del veritismo frente a una serie de objeciones en el sentido de que no es capaz de explicar la naturaleza y el valor del entendimiento. La primera sección presenta el esbozo de justificación del núcleo de una teoría veritista; la segunda responde a críticas más específicas de Cresto. This paper sketches (...) a way to justify the central tenet of a veritistic theory of epistemic evaluation, in response to problems raised by Eleonora Cresto concerning my defense of veritism, against a series of objetions to the effect that veritistic epistemology is uncapable of explaining the nature and value of understanding. The first section presents the sketch of justification of the nucleus of a veritistic theory, the second responds to some of Cresto's more specific criticisms. (shrink)

En este artículo exponemos una comparación, observando diferencias y coincidencias, entre las filosofías de Maurice Merleau-Ponty y Jean-Luc Nancy, centrados en sus concepciones sobre el cuerpo, como vía regia, en ambos, para el arribo a una ontología de la existencia en su sentido más amplio. Finalmente, evaluamos sus propuestas desde la perspectiva del reciente movimiento filosófico del nuevo realismo observando en qué aspectos Merleau-Ponty y Nancy preparan este movimiento y en qué aspectos sus filosofías necesitan ser corregidas o redefinidas. In (...) this paper we expose a comparison, regarding differences and coincidences, between the philosophies of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Luc Nancy, focusing in their conceptions of the body, as a central way, in both of them, for an arrival to ontology of existence in the broadest sense. Finally, we evaluate their promises since the perspective of the recent philosophical movement of the new realism observing in which aspects Merleau-Ponty and Nan-cy are preparing this movement and in which aspects their philosophies need to be corrected or redefined. (shrink)

This article criticizes what it calls perspectival thought experiments, which require subjects to mentally simulate a perspective before making judgments from within it. Examples include Judith Thomson's violinist analogy, Philippa Foot's trolley problem, and Bernard Williams's Jim case. The article argues that advances in the philosophical and psychological study of empathy suggest that the simulative capacities required by perspectival thought experiments are all but impossible. These thought experiments require agents to consciously simulate necessarily unconscious features of subjectivity. To complete these (...) experiments subjects must deploy theory-theoretical frameworks to predict what they think they would do. These outputs, however, systematically mislead subjects and are highly prone to error. They are of negligible probative value, and this bodes poorly for their continued use. The article ends with two suggestions. First, many thought experiments are not problematically perspectival. Second, it should be possible to carry out “in-their-shoes” perspectival thought experiments by off-loading simulations onto virtual environments into which philosophers place subjects. (shrink)

El presente estudio analiza las figuras poéticas en la novela _Insensatez, _de Horacio Castellanos Moya, las cuales son parte de un imaginario de violencia militarizada y deshumanizada que es visto por medio de testimonios de sobrevivientes indígenas de un episodio ambiguo en un territorio desconocido. Estas imágenes, entendidas desde el personaje de un literato, se reconstruyen y alteran la percepción del protagonista en su presente. El texto se estudia a partir de las categorías estéticas de lo sublime y lo siniestro, (...) propuestas por Edmund Burke y Sigmund Freud, y busca comprender cómo estos pasajes no solo causan una fascinación por el artificio literario en el protagonista, sino también el proceso en que el lector puede observar de qué forma la reconstrucción de un evento traumático afecta su conciencia; con la intención de observar el carácter universal con el que se dota al texto. (shrink)

Iberian repertorios de los tiempos stemmed from Medieval almanacs and calendars. During the sixteenth century significant editorial, conceptual and material changes in repertorios incorporated astronomy, geography, chronology and natural philosophy. From De Li’s Repertorio (1492) to Zamorano’s Cronología (1585), the genre evolved from simple almanacs to more complex cosmological works which circulated throughout the Iberian-American world. This article claims that repertorios are a form of syncretic knowledge rather than “popular science” by relying on the concept of “knowledge in transit”. Elaborating (...) on this perspective, I present how repertorios ended up delivering a worldview from existing materials, a fact so far unnoticed by scholarship. At the same time, repertorios should not be considered an exclusively Iberian phenomenon, but the full scope of their nature as a form of syncretic knowledge should include their networks with migrants, indigenous, mestizos, and criollos across the Atlantic. In this sense, I try to trace the paths connecting productions in the Americas with Iberian repertorios. (shrink)