L'étude de la communication nous oblige à aborder l'articulation entre individu et société. Tout en dépassant les métaphores «postales» ou télégraphiques de la transmission de l'information supposant l'existence d'individus isolés, le sociologue Yves Winkin parle d'un «collège invisible» d'auteurs qui nous indiqueraient une approche nous aidant à mieux comprendre les dynamiques concrètes et les enjeux sociaux de la communication. Il faudrait élargir ce «collège» et montrer l'intérêt de l'approche des représentations sociales pour comprendre la construction du sens commun, se rattachant (...) aussi aux travaux d'Alfred Schutz. L'étude de la communication peut ainsi devenir l'analyse d'une ou de plusieurs arènes òu se joue une bataille de conquête et d'influence sociale visant à la «bonne définition» d'un sens partagé.In the study of communication one must deal with the relationship between the individual and society. The sociologist Yves Winkin suggests the idea of an "invisible college" where different authors converge with the intention of overcoming the "postal" or telegraphic model of communication based on the idea of isolated individuals.They turn instead towards a constructivist and interactionist approach. In this paper, following Alfred Schutz’s ideas, I propose to extend this "college" to include the study of social representations to help understand the construction of common sense. I then suggest that the analysis of communication can be regarded as the study of the multiple arenas where social groups compete to achieve more opportunities or more power to influence the "right definition" of sense that is socially approved. (shrink)

Las personas somos absolutamente diferentes de las cosas, no cabe ninguna duda al respecto. No obstante, sí debemos diferenciar nítidamente entre los individuos y el concepto de “persona”. Así pues, la persona posee un “horizonte interior”, absolutamente novedoso y que le caracteriza como ser en aproximación a la Verdad y a la Libertad, las cuales no sólo son específicas del propio humano, sino que le son necesarias en cuanto remedios contra la desolación y la tiranía. Asimismo, una sociedad puede ser (...) tiránica en varios sentidos, pero Manuel Mindán sostiene que, para que no lo sea, el individuo entendido como “persona” debe primar siempre sobre el grupo gregario y cerrado. (shrink)

This chapter argues that our ambiguity toward renewable technologies arises from our understanding that the nature of the machine is somehow alien and external to us. Historically, we have thought of the machine as lacking cultural signification. As a result, the machine has been relegated to mere utility rather than having any axiological or human reality. Thinking of the machine as utterly other has exercised a certain xenophobia or misoneism as well as an uncritical technophilia. This ambiguity arises from our (...) acceptance that technology is based on the principle of conservation, a sameness underlying change that is traceable to Aristotle’s theory of causality with its implicit ontological distinction between natural and human made objects. To overcome such teleology, we need a different ontological ground on which to consider the concept of technology. Gilbert Simondon gives us such tools. His work is slowly surfacing with thinkers such as Bernard Stiegler and more recently in the English-speaking academy with thinkers such as Elizabeth Grosz and Andrew Feenberg. 1 This chapter will show how both Aristotle’s phenomenology of technology and Simondon’s ontogenesis can help to think though the challenges of renewable technologies associated with climate change. It will outline Aristotle’s phenomenology of technology and illustrate the intersection and departure of Simondon’s ontogenetic epistemology through his three-phase principle of individuation: elemental phase, individual phase, and ensemble phase. For Simondon all objects become whole (sunolos) though a process of individuation, which explains the coming into being and the existence of beings of all kinds. There are three phases: the elemental which is the spontaneous excess of being; individuation is the successive multistability of being where being splits becoming both the individual and the many; and finally the ensemble . (shrink)

Obedience: a simple term. Stanley Milgram, the famous experimental social psychologist, shocked the world with theory about it. Another man, Pol Pot, the infamous leader of the Khmer Rouge, showed how far the desire for obedience could go in human societies. Milgram conducted his experiments in the controlled environment of the US psychology laboratory of the 1960s. Pol Pot experimented with Utopia in the totalitarian Kampuchea of the 1970s. In this article, we discuss the process through which the Khmer Rouge (...) regime created an army of unquestioningly obedient soldiers — including child soldiers. Based on these two cases, we advance a framework on how obedience can be grown or countered. (shrink)

Reseña de: _Richard Lewontin & Richard Levins. _La biología en cuestión. Ensayos dialécticos sobre ecología, agricultura y salud.__ Buenos Aires, Ediciones IPS, 2021.

This collection of essays, written by an international group of scholars, provides a more critical and creative contemporary practice of “sustainability.” The book sets this practice free from its reductive interpretations and applies a more thoughtful environmental ethics to the current and emerging technologies that dominate our lives.

This response briefly argues that post-phenomenology has always cut across the transcendental-empirical divide and is able to cultivate a deep respect for technologies in their otherness, without denying their relation to humanity. It does this by revisiting Don Ihde’s genetic phenomenological variations and tracing its relation to Gilbert Simondon’s ontogenesis. Having set up the historical nature of objects, the second part of this paper will take up Yoni Van Den Eede’s call for a more speculative approach.

The year 1968 is universally considered a watershed in history, as the world was experiencing an accelerated growth of anti-establishment protests that would have long-lasting impacts on the cultural, social, and political spheres of human life. On September 26, amid social and political unrest across the globe, 62 physicists gathered in Geneva to found the European Physical Society. Among these were the official representatives of the national physical societies of 18 countries in both Eastern and Western Europe, who signed the (...) constitution in spite of the political divides of the Cold War. According to the main proponent of the society, Italian physicist Gilberto Bernardini, the success of the initiative was the realization of a dream: the institutional formation of a single community of European physicists, a representation of a culturally unified Europe that he described as a “single highly civilized nation.” The analysis of as yet unexplored archival materials of Bernardini and other protagonists in the establishment of the society has enabled an investigation of the historical development of science diplomacy in two interconnected ways: first, by elucidating how the actors involved, especially those in Western Europe, interpreted their role as diplomats amid particularly turbulent reconfigurations of international political relations; second, by interpreting the attempt to institutionalize transnational scientific networks with the establishment of a non-governmental organization as a tool to influence world political affairs. It will first be shown that the political ideal of a culturally unified Europe was deeply intertwined with the socio-professional interests of a specific community, mostly involved with CERN. I will argue that, in the process of establishing the society, the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact armed forces led many of the Western physicists involved in this process to reframe the role of the European Physical Society as a tool to diffuse liberal-democratic values and to support political dissidents in Eastern Europe. (shrink)

How did social communication evolve in primates? In this volume, primatologists, linguists, anthropologists, cognitive scientists and philosophers of science systematically analyze how their specific disciplines demarcate the research questions and methodologies involved in the study of the evolutionary origins of social communication in primates in general, and in humans in particular. In the first part of the book, historians and philosophers of science address how the epistemological frameworks associated with primate communication and language evolution studies have changed over time, and (...) how these conceptual changes affect our current studies on the subject matter. In the second part, scholars provide cutting-edge insights into the various means through which primates communicate socially in both natural and experimental settings. They examine the behavioral building blocks by which primates communicate, and they analyze what the cognitive requirements are for displaying communicative acts. Chapters highlight cross-fostering and language experiments with primates, primate mother-infant communication, the display of emotions and expressions, manual gestures and vocal signals, joint attention, intentionality and theory of mind. The primary focus of the third part is on how these various types of communicative behavior possibly evolved, and how they can be understood as evolutionary precursors to human language. Leading scholars analyze how both manual and vocal gestures gave way to mimetic and imitational protolanguage, and how the latter possibly transitioned into human language. In the final part, we turn to the hominin lineage, and anthropologists, archeologists and linguists investigate what the necessary neurocognitive, anatomical and behavioral features are in order for human language to evolve, and how language differs from other forms of primate communication. (shrink)

In recent decades, the internet has become our predominant public space and yet the role of art in this space remains largely unthought. This paper argues that graphic art, and in particular digital graphic art, has great power to shape and transform our thinking and experience. But with that power comes an enormous political and ethical responsibility, a responsibility too often ignored by programmers and computer scientists. This paper uses the work of Denis Schmidt and Jacques Taminiaux as important resources (...) for developing a Heideggerian response to this lack. (shrink)

Business firms have been explained as internal markets or as communities. To be sustainable, however, they need to reconcile these two constituting elements that have mainly been touted as opposite and part of a dualistic relationship. We suggest that organizations may, in alternative, view market and community as part of a duality, interdependent and mutually constituting processes that may not only contradict each other but also enable one another. The implications of a duality view for business ethics, which articulates market (...) and community elements in a fruitful, mutually enabling relationship, are considered, and duality is presented as a way of transcending what is commonly viewed as opposition, moving organizations both in the direction of humane and competitive finalities. (shrink)

In recent decades, the internet has become our predominant public space and yet the role of art in this space remains largely unthought. This paper argues that graphic art, and in particular digital graphic art, has great power to shape and transform our thinking and experience. But with that power comes an enormous political and ethical responsibility, a responsibility too often ignored by programmers and computer scientists. This paper uses the work of Denis Schmidt and Jacques Taminiaux as important resources (...) for developing a Heideggerian response to this lack. (shrink)

We consider colorings of the pairs of a family \ of topological type \, for \; and we find a homogeneous family \ for each coloring. As a consequence, we complete our study of the partition relation \^2_{l,m}}\) identifying \ as the smallest ordinal space \^2_{l,4}}\).

En este texto se propone el estudio del fenómeno de la vida en la calle a partir de la intención de visualizar a las personas que lo protagonizan como agentes, esto es como sujetos que pueden actuar y tener conciencia de su acción, perspectiva casi totalmente ausente tanto en los estudios hasta ahora realizados como en nuestros cotidianos modos de relación con ellos. Para tales efectos, su diseño se propone un acercamiento en cuatro direcciones complementarias, a saber, la aproximación a (...) los significados dados por estos hombres y mujeres a sus experiencias de vida, el conocimiento de las prácticas e interacciones que establecen cotidianamente, su articulación en diálogo con otras retóricas de la marginación junto a las cuales co-construyen el fenómeno, y su puesta en relación con el contexto y otros procesos que lo engloban y junto a los cuales se desarrolla. (shrink)

Este escrito presenta una discusión relativa a la posibilidad de que memorias individuales provenientes desde diversos contextos nacionales, esto es, separadas por distancias tanto físicas como políticas, y reunidas por una temática más o menos próxima como la vivencia del muy amplio fenómeno del vagabundaje (o la situación de calle, como tiende a denominársele hoy en día), puedan constituir o constituirse en memoria colectiva dadas sus características en común. Ejercicio crítico bibliográfico sobre el particular, en la práctica también lo es (...) respecto a las formas convencionales de escritura ensayística, al adoptar el más contemporáneo formato del correo electrónico; esto a propósito de la incidencia que la comunicación virtual y las tecnologías asociadas a la Internet han abierto a la memoria y la identidad, al actuar como su cotidiano difuminador/recreador. (shrink)

This chapter describes the language of law and the different occurrences of the lexical family of lex as part of a very complex terminology which refers to a more complex range of different types and variants. An important laboratory for a first analysis of the concept of law as essential bond of nature is present in the early writings of the philosopher. Spinoza's ‘treaty of method’ outlines a horizon in which mutual relations and relations of mutual dependency between entities are (...) a guarantee of intelligibility and knowledge. The theoretical process marking the introduction of the geometrical order into the human sphere involves the transformation of the law from a system of universal relationships into personal and collective experience according to a path of interior requalification. The particular conception of Spinoza's law would cross the boundary between philosophy and science, for more than a century. (shrink)

What do we mean when we refer to the world? How does the world relate to the human person? Are the two interdependent and, if so, in what way? What does world mean for an ethnographer or an anthropologist? Much has been said of worlds and worldviews, but do we really know what we mean by these words? Asking these questions and many more, this book explores the conditions of possibility of the ethnographic gesture, and how these shed light on (...) the relationship between humans and the world in the midst of which they find themselves. As Pina-Cabral shows, recent decades have seen important shifts in the way we relate human thought to human embodiment--the relation between how we think and what we are. The book proposes a novel approach to the human condition: an anthropological outlook that is centered around the notions of personhood and sociality. Through a rich confrontation with ethnographic and historical material, this work contributes to the ongoing task of overcoming the theoretical constraints that have hindered anthropological thinking over the past century."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

The article analyzes the different occurrences of the term res present in Spinoza's works in their relations with other terms and particular phrases (res cogitans, res...

For decades, a remarkable number of publications have been devoted to the so-called Epistulae ad Caesarem. Most have focused on the question of whether they are authentic or forgeries, and only a few have analysed them as a source for valuable historical evidence. This paper intends to demonstrate that the letters could certainly have been written in the middle of the first century BCE and that Sallust could indeed be the author. The letters, particularly Ep. 2, show that there were (...) alternative political agendas and provide a better understanding of Sallust as a politician and historian, as well as of the political debate surrounding the outbreak of the civil war and Caesar’s rule. (shrink)

Para justificar este trabajo bastaría el título que se le ha dado porque versa sobre el proceso que sufrió Juan de Ávila en la Inquisición de Sevilla que se inició por denuncias presentadas en 1531 y que culminó en 1532-1533. Conocido hasta ahora por la única parte del mismo que ha sobrevivido, con el documento inédito que aquí publicamos, procedente del escrito que el mismo Juan de Ávila elaboró para su defensa, esperamos contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la persona (...) y de las circunstancias históricas en que vivió quien con el tiempo se convertiría en el Apóstol de Andalucía. En este estudio, que será continuado por otro posterior, se expone un análisis histórico de este extraordinario testimonio que nos ayuda a entender mejor a esta figura fundamental de la espiritualidad española del XVI abriendo, además, una vía que nos pone en contacto con problemas de la historia religiosa que preocupan a la historia social y cultural más reciente. (shrink)

Este estudio parte del análisis del sentido de la votación y de la sentencia que pusieron fin a la causa inquisitorial de Juan de Ávila para proseguir con una investigación sobre las personas que compusieron la junta de asesores y el tribunal que la dictó. Su objetivo no ha consistido sólo en la identificación de las mismas, sino que se ha extendido a la exposición de aspectos fundamentales de sus respectivas biografías, particularmente del desarrollo de sus carreras hasta 1533, aunque (...) sin que se perdiera de vista la evolución posterior. Se ha reconstruido de esta manera una prosopografía específica para la cuestión que nos preocupa. La orientación de sus decisiones sobre el proceso de Juan de Ávila no es independiente del cómo fueron estos individuos. Se entiende que el conocimiento de cado uno de ellos, la posibilidad de establecer los rasgos fundamentales de sus personalidades, procediendo desde el conocimiento de sus orígenes familiares y sociales, así como de la formación que poseían, ayudan a explicar el contexto histórico y generacional en que ellos, como jueces, y Juan de Ávila, como reo, estuvieron situados. (shrink)