The article considers questions about the role and significance of art education in the context of ensuring sustainable development of society. The features of the development of art education in the postmodern era, its functions and specific features are analyzed. The interdependence of arts education and sustainable development are characterized. The exceptional importance for ensuring sustainable development of an appropriately oriented and updated arts education was emphasized. In particular, it seems possible to ensure a change in stereotypes, ways of thinking (...) and actions of people, the formation of appropriate motivation and public opinion in the context of applied nature through the influence of art. Ways to improve art education with the aim of ensuring sustainable development are proposed: integration of formal and non-formal art education, ensuring innovativeness, interdisciplinarity and multiculturalism of art education, creating an inclusive environment in higher educational institutions. We see prospects for further scientific research in the creation of a model for training specialists with certain properties and substantiation of the features of its implementation in real conditions of the educational process in higher education institutions of the artistic direction. (shrink)

Some concepts of collective action have been examined. It is found that collective action is formed as a result of interaction of individuals within the group, collective etc. Such social environment in which collective action appears, is the educational process, which aims to provide protection, safety and educational needs of direct interaction between the preschool children and children of younger school age. The forms of work: group and collective, have been analyzed. It is found that acting in a group or (...) team, the participants of educational process gather around the common goal, collective action, that occurs, becomes the value in the process of achieving this goal. That is, it encourages the collective, group to act in the given direction. This action is accompanied by the interaction, due to which raises the phenomenology of collective, above- and beyond the individual. It is based on the formation in the mind of each individual subject of communication the subjective model of the content and the process of interaction, which seems to be shared with other participants (the subject feels as if its co-author) and the presence of which can be displayed in the form of a general image of the subject of interaction that occurs in interpersonal space and fills it. (shrink)

This article compares the ethical attitudes of Ukrainian business professionals with those of United States business professionals. A widely used survey instrument consisting of 16 hypothetical situations involving ethical dilemmas was employed to gather information on ethical attitudes in the two countries. On 13 of 16 vignettes, Ukrainian respondents demonstrated less stringent ethical attitudes than did their United States counterparts. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, with primary emphasis on the transition from one economic system to another that is (...) underway in Ukraine. Comments from Ukrainian respondents are presented so as to give an indication of the thought processes behind the questionnaire responses. (shrink)

Olena Panych’s article «Scientific Atheism as a Cultural System» explores scientific atheism as a worldview and cultural system that were artificially constructed in the USSR in 1960s-80s. Panych argues that scientific atheism had its peculiar specific ethics, practices and discourse. Being essentially a propagandist paradigm aimed at negation of religion, scientific atheism also developed a positive program of the formation of integral worldview. The discourse of scientific atheism was focused on the construction of community that would be alternative to (...) the religious one. In its peculiar way, scientific atheism asserted general collectivist values of the Soviet epoch. (shrink)

Предметом дослідження у статті є концептуальні підходи до формування механізмів антикризової політики держави. Доведено, що в сучасній Україні антикризова політика має ґрунтуватися на використанні податкових механізмів і важелів.

The basic results of empirical research and trends of theoretical understanding of influence of emotions on weighting of decision aspects, the influence of emotional tone of events on risk-taking, the emotional significance influence on accessibility of thoughts and the influence of emotional priming on process of decision-making were considered. It was shown, that parallel emotional and cognitive information processing paths are functioning during the process of decision-making as a single mechanism. The important role of emotions in risky decision-making was substantiated.

The tragic experience of the XX century, the worth expression of which was Holocaust, challenges the fundamental values of civilized society. Its terrifying symbol is Auschwitz, extermination camp, Universe of terror – “the kingdom not of this world”. Its understanding is beyond classical concepts of good and evil and can not be described in the usual categories of crime and punishment. The entrance to this “kingdom” can be illustrated by Dante’s words written at the entrance to Hell (Inferno): “Abandon all (...) hope, ye who enter here”. Finding no help, either in God or in human Reason, the shattered mind has to seek a new “measure of all things” to perceive wisdom born in despair. (shrink)

У статті обґрунтована необхідність залучення біографічного матеріалу для уведення в історію українського гуманітарного дискурсу імен представників педагогічного Відродження України - просвітителів, які презентують Україну світові. Автор статті основним арсеналом дослідницького пошуку використовує вперше як об'єкт дослідження системи нотацій та агіографій видатних просвітителів українського Відродження. Розглядається діяльність і творча спадщина видатних представників педагогічного компендіуму часів України XIV-XV століть у системах нотацій і агіографій: Павла Русина, Юрія Котермака та ін. Автор статті реалізує біографічний метод для вивчення колективних біографій представників видатних просвітителів українського (...) Відродження в історії української наукової думки. Творчість кожного діяча розглянута як унікальне явище й у той самий час розуміється як складова всього процесу розвитку історичної наукової думки України. Узагальнюється в такому випадку не тільки результат виявлення понять "доля", "життєвий шлях", "модель світу", "зовнішня і внутрішня детермінація", а також "власне середовище", "суб'єктивна картина життєвого світу", але й моменти взаємозв'язку дії всіх понять у життєписі персоналій освітян. У статті відстежується походження терміна "агіографія" через поняття "колективна біографія". Охарактеризовано ідею міждисциплінарного підходу в дослідженні "життя людини" на матеріалі праць, які існують у філософському, культурологічному, психологічному та історичному дискурсі сучасної наукової думки на пострадянському просторі. Запропоновано подальшу перспективу в застосуванні описаного інструментарію в науці. (shrink)

Este documento analiza el aspecto metafísico de lo numinoso en importantes orientaciones de la cosmovisión de la existencia del hombre moderno, a saber, la elección del amor. Basado en el trabajo de “Respuesta a Job” de K. Jung para determinar la función de creación de significado y el papel de lo numinoso en el proceso de formación de conceptos de cosmovisión. Descubrir el objeto epistemológico “numinoso” con la ayuda del análisis modal. La investigación tiene como objetivo conceptualizar la integridad del (...) hombre, a partir de la realización de la propia espiritualidad y la realización de la elección del amor. Los fundamentos metodológicos del estudio fueron: el concepto de numinoso R. Otto, el enfoque psicoanalítico de K. Jung, el concepto de S. Kjerkegor sobre los niveles de desarrollo de la personalidad: visiones estéticas, éticas, religiosas y cristiano-existenciales sobre la existencia. de K. Jaspers. (shrink)

At the present stage of political life public opinion endures the increase of its role and significance thus determining the relevance of social and philosophical analysis of the public opinion phenomenon. This article aims to represent more profoundly the process of public opinion formation, and to substantiate its regular character. Theoretical knowledge of ontological foundation of the phenomenon under consideration requires the reliance on laws of the dialectic: unity and struggle of opposites, transition from quantitative to qualitative changes, negation of (...) the negation. Due to the analysis of public opinion definitions made by well-known representatives of internationl and national science it was determined that the phenomenon of public opinion has subject-object nature, its formal trait is social activity and information and emotional interaction. It was established that public opinion is formed in accordance with the facts of human life, under conditions when human needs and interests are implemented due to the influence of the environment, public relations, and other realities of social life. However, the essential role in this process also belongs to the fundamental understanding and background assumptions, standards, ideas and values created by public conscience. So it is proved that the formation of public opinion is possible due to the interaction of two major components - a social being and social consciousness. It is the interaction of rational, emotional and conative components of social subjects and objects of public opinion. The relationship of social consciousness and social life is stable, objective, substantial, internal, necessary and repetitive, and, therefore, it appears as the main pattern of public opinion formation. (shrink)

У статті розглядаються питання реалізації фіскального механізму держави, здатного забезпечити достатнє фінансове наповнення державного й місцевого бюджетів, а також сприяти досягненню стратегічних пріоритетів сталого розвитку держави та її регіонів шляхом раціонального та обґрунтованого використання матеріальних, соціальних та природних ресурсів. Особлива увага приділена ролі податкових елементів фіскального механізму в забезпеченні екологічного, економічного та соціального імперативу суспільного розвитку України.

The question as to whether the Vedas have an author is the topic of vivid polemics in Indian philosophy. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the classical Sāṁkhya view on the authorship of the Vedas. The research is based chiefly on the commentaries to the Sāṁkhyakārikā definition of authoritative verbal testimony given by the classical Sāṁkhya writers, for these fragments provide the main evidence (both direct and indirect) for the reconstruction of this view. The textual analysis presented in (...) this paper leads to the following conclusion. According to most classical Sāṁkhya commentaries, the Vedas have no author. Two commentators state directly that the Vedas have no author, and four commentators allude to the authorlessness of the Vedas. Only one commentator seems to hold the opposite view, stating that all the authoritative utterances are based on perception or inference of imperceptible objects by authoritative persons, from which it follows that the Vedas too have an author or authors. (shrink)

The article is focused on some aspects of development adult learning and education policy in Ukraine from stakeholders` perspective, and active role of the Ukrainian civil society in this discourse. This was facilitated by conducting analytical research and further advocacy activities on the protection and representation of interests in Ukraine in 2018-2019. Adult learning and education following the change in UNESCO’s terminology from «adult education» to «adult learning and education» (abbreviated - ALE), is interpreted as a permanent activity aimed at (...) acquiring, recognizing and applying key skills. Acquisition of new skills, abilities and knowledge by adults usually occurs after they receive basic education and enter the labour market. In European practice, this covers formal, non-formal and informal forms of adult learning. Stakeholders were involved in the analytical re- search through a survey of experts; participation in a practical seminar on peer review workshop, which was held in the format of a progress meeting to present the Policy Research Report and discuss the preliminary results; virtual discussion of analytical documents. Usually, adult learning policy promotes social well-being and integration, employment and active civil participation. Ukraine lack of consolidate active state adult learning policy during the whole period of its independence since 1991. The problem-solving options proposed in the research and validated by stakeholders are presented in this article. The article will be interesting for social philosophy, educational & learning academic and non-academic researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. (shrink)

Based on the texts of postmodern philosophers, the article analyses the crisis of the real and the imaginary. The context of this analysis is the difference between European and American cultures. Through the criticism of social and technological progress, the article substantiates the change in the form of modern consciousness and its manifestations, in particular, the loss of integrity and completeness of being.

B a c k g r o u n d. The article examines the appearance, essence and formation of the concept of "echo chamber" in the field of philosophy. The main interpretations and practical aspects of the application of this concept by representatives of the philosophical community are considered. Considering the lack of an established version of the concept of "echo chamber", an attempt was made to define its meaning by analogy with the already established interpretation of a physical analogue, (...) namely, a resonator. The appropriateness of such an analogy is justified. The specifics of the operation of echo chambers are considered by analogy with the operation of the resonator and its associated phenomena. The phenomenon of "intellectual inbreeding" ("geistiger Inzucht") described by H. Franke is considered. M e t h o d s. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the research are based on the principles of scientific objectivity, impartiality and systematicity. During the research, general scientific, philosophical, and special methods of studying social and political phenomena were used, including general methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparative methods. R e s u l t s. The author's understanding of the meaning of the concept of "echo chamber" and the prerequisites for its stability, which are determined by the properties of human consciousness, namely: "comfort zone", "clipping of thinking" and the principle of "own-foreign" are offered. The appropriateness of consideration and the main properties of the echo chamber as a technology of effective communication influence are substantiated. Among the methods of destroying echo chambers, the development of critical thinking skills and digital literacy, compliance with the principles of diversification of information sources and "range of reasonable alternatives", the occurrence of cognitive dissonance, as well as the phenomenon of emotional resonance are considered. C o n c l u s i o n s. Echo chambers pose a significant threat both to the harmonious development of the human personality and to the stable existence of civilized societies. Methods of countering echo chambers require further development and dissemination in society. (shrink)

In the article modern views on the nature and value matrix of civil society are generalized. It is considered the role of religious organizations in forming of civil society in modern Ukraine and also the value of their activity for the self-organization of civil public.

The study of the place and role of religious education in the post-secular world is undoubtedly increasing. First of all, this is due to the loss of religion of its influence on modern society, the growth of globalization processes, and attempts to preserve national and cultural identity. At the same time, we are talking not only about the problems inherent in whole countries and peoples, but also about the right of an individual to his own worldview and moral choice - (...) freedom of conscience, and most importantly - the possibility of realizing this choice. (shrink)

Стаття присвячена проблемі осмислення впливу музики на буття людини. Сучасні реалії вимагають переглянути чимало аспектів впливу музичного мистецтва, кожен з них має свою специфіку, наділений відповідними функціями. У результаті відбувається оновлення музичної етики, естетики, психології, філософії. Застосовуючи інтегральний підхід визначається чітка система координат, за якою можливий подальший детальний розгляд теми: наводяться фундаментальні лінії сприйняття музики, які описують різні боки буття людини й способи взаємодії з музикою в кожному з наведених вимірів. Також розглядається вплив і створення музики з позиції рівнів свідомості (...) інтегральної постметафізики(від магіко-анімічного до метарозуму), надається об’ємна цілісна картина, яка відкриває для нас нові грані поставленого питання і стимулює подальші дослідження. (shrink)

The matter of enterprise labor resource management explaining the enterprise's staff potential increase or reduction is considered. That is to say the problem of efficiency of staff potential employment is researched. The author determines a general aim of the enterprise staff potential management in current terms of functioning, which refers to the purposeful performance of certain steps resulting in effective appliance. Factors of degree of staff potential and its effective appliance are determined as followed: qualified staff development; involvement of qualified (...) professionals; optimal conditions for staff operation support. The mechanism of unit staff potential management being able to adjust to changes in a structure of interrelated elements, production and the technological interaction organization, terms of working, the performance of professional competiveness and the staff rotation within the branches as well as between them is suggested. Criteria of effective realization of the mechanism of staff potential management by the working efficiency increase, the staff and manager competiveness increase, the rotations possibility, the produced goods and services quality increase. A procedure of enterprise staff rating is considered. To motivate qualified workers of organizational and functional units of an enterprise and to stimulate them for better further working, the monitoring of their activity compensation by certain bonuses is proposed. A model of premium distribution between co-workers of functional units of an enterprise, based on the Kohonen self-organized maps method implementation, is represented. Characteristics of informational and analytical systems of the enterprise staff potential management functioning in the unified informational environment are determined. The implementation of proposed mechanism provides high level of the enterprise staff potential realization as well as the permanent development of labor resources during a business activity process. (shrink)

The problem of shaping a values-based attitude toward humans requires complex, universal, and multilevel solutions. Another side of the problem lies in the postmodern devaluation of classical values that has caused a crisis in the education of the younger generations. The article presents the author’s conceptual, scientific-methodical, structural-functional model and technology for shaping a values-based attitude toward humans by stages in the humanities-oriented educational environment. Given postmodern trends in the post-Soviet countries with “young democracies”, the structural components of this model (...) are as follows: the consideration of human nature in mastering disciplines, as well as out-of-classroom and out-of-school work, that seek to shape humanistic consciousness, feelings, and behavior based on basic values. In this regard, it is essential to help students learn to respect themselves, understand their personality, and resist external negative factors. Besides, it is important to consider the axiological component in a study of human nature, teach students to realize the value of others and develop their empathy skills. (shrink)

У статті досліджено сучасний стан вітчизняного ринку праці та визначено актуальні проблеми його розвитку з урахуванням економічного та правового аспектів державного управління у сфері праці. Обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення заходів у галузі регулювання зайнятості населення з метою підвищення рівня життя в державі на основі зростання кількості робочих місць та працюючих підприємств. Узагальнено особливості сучасного етапу розвитку українського ринку праці та визначено доцільність проведення більш активної політики держави та органів місцевого самоврядування у сфері галузевої, професійно-кваліфікаційної й територіальної структури цього ринку. Зроблено висновок (...) про необхідність удосконалення правового забезпечення інституційних та соціальних передумов розвитку ринку праці та зайнятості населення як на державному, так і на місцевому рівні. (shrink)

У статті аналізується поняття ризик, досліджуються соціальні небезпеки на шляху впровадження соціальних технологій у сучасному українському суспільстві та розкривається сутність соціальної праці як засобу впливу на формування соціального самопочуття населення країни. Дається тлумачення сутності «соціальних технологій» як цілеспрямованого процесу впливу на соціальний об’єкт з метою здобуття запрограмованого результату, який включає розробку методів та методик конкретного цілеспрямованого впливу. Розглядаються питання теорії та методології вивчення ризику, умови, що супроводжують стан ризику використання соціальних технологій Виявляється вплив трансформації українського суспільства на соціальний ризик. Запропоновано (...) сукупність заходів для запобігання соціальним ризикам в суспільстві. (shrink)

The article deals with the specific conditions of existence of protestant evangelical communities in Ukraine, showing the case of the repressions against the peasants who belonged to the Maliovanian sect. The materials of the case are used to explain the popularity of the Maliovanian sect among the peasants in Ukraine, as well as to find out the biographical and ideological reasons that led the accused people to the belonging to this sect. Some attention is given to the ideological conflict between (...) communist mentality and the «protestant ethics» of M. Weber in the case of economically effective protestant communities. Although the protestant communities did exist in Ukraine, they were not so numerous as orthodoxy, catholic believers or Judaic communities, that is why this confession is not often mentioned in the investigation documents of the repressed persons. Because of this, it would be quite reasonable to research the Ukrainian protestant communities within the limits of the totalitarian regime in more details, in particular, their connections with the peasantry. The case № 63413 concerning a group of peasants was opened by on January 18, within the frame of an «anti-kulak operation», but it contains elements of religious persecutions. The persons involved were the dwellers of Chornogorodka village, Kyiv Region, Byshiv district; and belonged to a sect of Malyovany adepts, or the «Malyovanians», which was a branch of the so-called Stunden-baptism, one of the lesser religious movements of Ukrainians. All of them were join the collective farm and then left it, working for themselves as artisans they managed to reach considerable level of wealth. Members of Malyovanian sect were pacifists, so the three accused persons, being psychologically troubled by their hard war experience, refused to enter military serviced in 1941. This was the cause of their arrest. During the investigation new motives of accusation were added to the refusal of military service, such as «participation in a counter-revolutionary anti-Soviet organization of the Malyovany adept», «agitation against collective farming»; «subversive activities». Combining purely historical point of view with scientific research data in the fields of religion and culture, as well as with psychological and philosophical considerations one can explain the joining to the Malyovanians as the effort of finding the purport of life and the inner freedom in the conditions of extreme outward pressure and lack of social freedom. We can also underline that the psychological endurance of the accused persons during interrogations was based on their deep devotion to their faith. The addition of new, formerly unknown, names to the list of the victims of the Soviet totalitarian system of the years 1930-1940 is also an important contribution to historical research. (shrink)

У дослідженні бізнес-освіти з позицій філософії освіти необхідно перейти від визначення загальних філософських ціннісно-світоглядних засад та основних принципів методології філософії освіти до тих конкретних філософських методів, які сприятимуть розкриттю сутності бізнес-освіти. Підбір таких методів має відповідати двом критеріям: ціннісному та функціональному, тобто ціннісним і функціональним запитам самої бізнесосвіти. На цьому методологічному базисі слід застосовувати низку методів, які постають як допоміжні методологічні засоби, своєрідна надбудова, – теорію практик, педагогічну аксіологію, елементи філософії досвіду, філософської герменевтики, філософії діалогу, комунікативної філософії та прикладної етики. (...) Одним із ключових питань, які конкретизують предмет дослідження бізнес-освіти, має бути при цьому з’ясування ціннісно-мотиваційної, інструментально-організаційної та комунікативної основи забезпечення індивідуальної освітньої програми кожного студента, який отримує бізнес-освіту. Саме бізнес-освіта потребує індивідуального підходу до кожного студента, вираховування усієї його мотиваційної структури, яка може бути задіяна у навчальний процес, усіх тих персонально набутих функціональних компетентностей та пов’язаних з ними особистісних ціннісних настанов, які вже наявні у студента, – їх не треба формувати, варто лише максимально врахувати і задіяти в навчання. Більше того, саме у бізнес-освіті, як ні у якій іншій, максимально вирівнюються не лише вузька компетентність викладача і студента (кожного у своєму неповторному досвіді ведення бізнесу), але й відповідно – шанси набути освіту завдяки взаємно вигідній організації бізнес-освіти. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to reconstruct the classical Sāṁkhya view on the relationship between a word and its meaning. The study embraces all the extant texts of classical Sāṁkhya, but it is based mainly on the Yuktidīpikā, since this commentary contains most of the fragments which are directly related to the topic of our research. The textual analysis has led me to the following conclusion. It is possible to reconstruct two different and conflicting views on the relationship between (...) a word and its meaning from the classical Sāṁkhya texts. The first view, the source of which is the Yuktidīpikā, is that all words are conventional in their origin. It resembles the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika theory of the primary linguistic convention and the conventional origin of all words. The second view, which is the implication of the Sāṁkhya idea of the authorless Vedas we can reconstruct on the basis of the majority of the classical Sāṁkhya commentaries, is that the relationship between a word and its meaning is natural. This view is probably influenced by Mīmāṁsā. Both of these views are hardly compatible with the Sāṁkhya teaching. It seems like classical Sāṁkhya, not having created its own detailed theory, oscillated between different conceptions. (shrink)

The article focuses on Hryhorii Skovoroda’s philosophical dialogue dedicated to the nature of human and happiness as a bright example of a harmonious fusion of philosophical ideas and individual style. A comparative analysis based on a hermeneutic approach helped to assess the equivalency in representing the lexical, syntactical, and emotional levels of the reconstructed Ukrainian version of Skovoroda’s dialogue via English translation, and thus contribute to clarifying the reliable strategies of translating a chronologically remote text of philosophical discourse. The research (...) stresses the importance for a translator of philosophical works of Hryhorii Skovoroda to thoroughly consider the contextual meaning, inseparability of the concepts and style, and unique syntactic and emotive patterns of the source text conflating explicit and implicit semantics. In addition to deep understanding by translators of key philosophical terms, charged with contextual connotations, an equivalent translation of philosophic texts also demands sufficient knowledge of the related historical, cultural, and linguistic background to ensure a comprehensive perception of the intended senses and vectors of the mental activity by a reader. (shrink)

This article consistently elaborates the extra‐contextual nature of metaphysical knowledge. Metaphysicsis seen as a semantic construction of culture that produces a certain type of thinking, memory, and identification: that is, subjectivity, and sociality as an ethical and axiological model of interaction with the world and the Other. The paper argues that metaphysics is a kind of orientation in space and that culture is a semiotic way of world orientation, or collection of spaces into an intelligible structure, a specific characteristic of (...) human existence in the universe. Indeed, metaphysics through the space of culture allows one to experience the universe empirically as unity, to assume the presence of meaning. Based on the analysis, the paper summarizes the definition of the phenomenon of culture as a specifically human way of mastering space and controlling time, consciousness as a topology of reflective practices, and virtual reality technology as a space of pure metaphysics. (shrink)

Olena Bortnikova. Religious and political organizations as subjects of national processes in Ukraine In the article the different approaches to defining the essence of religious and political organizations as subjects of national processes and their role in the functioning and development of society. Attempted to characterize the basic methodological provisions for disclosure of the nature of religious and political actors as structural elements of ethnonational system, identifying different levels of accommodation in terms of social change.

У запропонованих розвідках з ґендерної рівності здійснюється огляд правових засад, а також політичних і економічних наративів ідей та практик у царині рівності можливостей чоловіків та жінок в Україні і ЄС. Просування ґендерної рівності в України є не тільки суттєвим з точки зору прав людини, взятих міжнародних зобов’язань країни (серед яких – Пекінська декларація, Угода про асоціацію поміж Україною та ЄС, Цілі сталого розвитку ООН до 2030, тощо), а й має сенс в економічному вимірі. Спираючись на результати спостережень, проведених українських польових (...) досліджень аналізу навчальних потреб жінок-представниць малого та середнього підприємництва (МСП), сформулюваний перелік внутрішніх проблем і слабких сторін, бар’єрів, що стримують зростання жіночих МСП в Україні. У статті наводяться певні рекомендації – у формі висновків – для сприяння формуванню позитивних зрушень у царині розширення політичних та економічних можливостей жінок у країні. Означені висновки були представлені під час авторської участі в консультаціях з громадськістю, в експертних групах в органах влади. (shrink)

Integration of ontologies begins with establishing mappings between their concept entries. We map categories from the largest manually-built ontology, Cyc, onto Wikipedia articles describing corresponding concepts. Our method draws both on Wikipedia’s rich but chaotic hyperlink structure and Cyc’s carefully defined taxonomic and common-sense knowledge. On 9,333 manual alignments by one person, we achieve an F-measure of 90%; on 100 alignments by six human subjects the average agreement of the method with the subject is close to their agreement with each (...) other. We cover 62.8% of Cyc categories relating to common-sense knowledge and discuss what further information might be added to Cyc given this substantial new alignment. (shrink)

For the sake of developing a discussion on the problem of defining “freedom of conscience,” let us start by saying that, at first glance, there is no such problem at the surface. At least, when you have the opportunity to familiarize yourself with this topic in the textbooks on religious studies, where very often only the presence of this democratic institution in our society and the legal guarantees of its existence, or the political principles on which it is based, are (...) given. Meanwhile, the periodical and the scientific press have shown that in many cases the exercise of freedom of conscience in our country is far from what the law requires, as well as from the political demands that justify it. (shrink)

Indeed, as an important social phenomenon, the Maydan 2013-2014 became the subject of intellectual reflections of journalists, political scientists, sociologists and historians. Numerous articles, books, seminars and conferences have attracted a large number of people in the discussion of these events not only in Ukraine but also abroad. Obviously, this is just the beginning of the reflection that this phenomenon really needs.

The effectiveness of modern religious studies is largely determined by how deeply rooted in it the anthropological dimensions of cultural phenomena, their meaningful renewal. In this context, great opportunities open up to one of the basic structural religious entities - the psychology of religion, where the semantic nucleus of religiosity is most clearly highlighted. After all, if we try to look at the process of secularization, then we will undoubtedly pay attention to the fact that for the longest time religion (...) is "delayed" in the sphere of the inner life of man, at the level of his experiences. It is here that religion acts as a factor that mitigates borderline situations of human existence. (shrink)

Development and strengthening of private pension funds market is impossible without a thorough analysis of its current state, identify unresolved problems in operation. Given the results of the analysis of investment of a fund can be identified difficulties in development funds: - negative impact of the crisis on the financial system as a whole, so that was undermined public confidence in all financial institutions; - reduce solvency population as rising prices, utility costs, and wages almost "frozen", save for retirement is (...) becoming increasingly difficult; - coagulation participation of employers in pension programs for their employees, because in times of crisis, many companies find themselves in dire financial straits and limited amounts of pension contributions; - negative signal to the scheme as slowed down compared to the pre-crisis period of growth by pension funds; - need to improve pension schemes and improving the investment of pension funds; - data reporting of private pension funds show a decrease yields of most funds. Private pension funds should be able to use options, but only to hedge risks on stocks, as most other assets, placing the premiums of private pension funds - a fixed income. Application options would allow private pension funds to hedge against decline in the market value of the shares. Of course, the use of options will decrease the yield of pension funds, but they will be no significant damage. (shrink)