C’est dans le cadre de sa pratique en psychiatrie infanto-juvénile que l’auteur se propose d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexion au sujet de l’exercice de l’autorité parentale. En s’appuyant sur des entretiens cliniques de recherche auprès de parents en difficulté et sur certains éléments bibliographiques, il montre que ce qui empêche d’assumer son autorité sur son enfant, c’est avant tout (mais pas seulement) une faille narcissique – que celle-ci provienne d’une inadaptation des premiers soins ou d’un traumatisme ultérieur. L’article s’intéresse enfin (...) aux conséquences de la modernité (individualisme, infantilisme, immédiateté…) sur la subjectivité des enfants et des parents lorsque ces derniers inscrivent les premiers dans leur propre économie narcissique. (shrink)

C’est dans le cadre de sa pratique en psychiatrie infanto-juvénile que l’auteur se propose d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexion au sujet de l’exercice de l’autorité parentale. En s’appuyant sur des entretiens cliniques de recherche auprès de parents en difficulté et sur certains éléments bibliographiques, il montre que ce qui empêche d’assumer son autorité sur son enfant, c’est avant tout (mais pas seulement) une faille narcissique – que celle-ci provienne d’une inadaptation des premiers soins ou d’un traumatisme ultérieur. L’article s’intéresse enfin (...) aux conséquences de la modernité (individualisme, infantilisme, immédiateté…) sur la subjectivité des enfants et des parents lorsque ces derniers inscrivent les premiers dans leur propre économie narcissique. (shrink)

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been conceptualized in the literature either as a dispositional tendency, in line with a personality trait (trait EI; Petrides and Furnham, 2001), or as an ability, moderately correlated with general intelligence (ability EI; Mayer and Salovey, 1997). Surprisingly, there have been few empirical attempts conceptualizing how the different EI approaches should be related to each other. However, understanding how the different approaches of EI may be interwoven and/or complementary is of primary importance for clarifying the conceptualization (...) of EI and organizing the literature around it. We introduce a theoretical framework explaining how trait EI, ability EI, and emotion information processing – a novel component related to EI recently introduced in the literature (e.g., Fiori and Vesely Maillefer, 2018) – may contribute to effective emotion-related performance and provide initial evidence supporting its usefulness in predicting EI-related outcomes. More specifically, we show that performance in a task in which participants had to infer the mental and emotional states of others, namely a Theory of Mind task, was predicted jointly (e.g., interaction effects) by trait EI, ability EI, and emotion information processing, after controlling for personality and IQ (N = 323). Our results argue for the importance of investigating the joint contribution of different aspects of EI in explaining variability in emotionally laden outcomes. (shrink)

Vesely (experimental physics, U. of Vienna, Austria) provides the basic numerical and computational techniques, followed by an explanation of specific problems of computational physics. Appendices address properties of computing machines and an outline of the technique of Fast Fourier Transformation. The first edition, published by Plenum Press, Ne.

Nel presente contributo proponiamo un’intervista a Nathalie Simondon, responsabile dell’edizione dell’opera di Gilbert Simondon, al fine di fare luce sui temi di ecologia, enciclopedismo, transdisciplinarità e umanismo nella produzione filosofica di Gilbert Simondon.

Článek podává systematický kritický přehled o pojetí mechanismu v tzv. nové mechanistické filosofii. Nejdříve je popsán vznik a hlavní principy NMF. Je ukázáno, že NMF vznikla do značné míry jako kritická reakce na, do té doby převažující, logický empirismus. Dále jsou představeny hlavní definiční znaky mechanismu, které jsou po té jednotlivě rozebrány. Na závěr jsou diskutovány přednosti a omezení NMF. Je argumentováno, že NMF nabídla novou a realističtější perspektivu na způsob, jakým se věda dělá a jak se dochází k vědeckým (...) objevům. Má i konstruktivní preskriptivní charakter, neboť povzbuzuje vědce k přemýšlení o vysvětlení jevů prostřednictvím mechanismů. Na straně druhé, pro vysvětlení komplexních jevů jsou heuristiky dekompozice a lokalizace, které tvoří jádro „tradičního" mechanistického přístupu, pouze prvotními aproximacemi a je potřeba je doplňovat dalšími, dynamičtějšími přístupy. (shrink)

In this paper, I analyse the act of consciousness called empathy, as proposed by Husserl in Ideas II. By applying Husserl’s phenomenological reduction, I evidence three moments that constitute empathy: first, to recognize the other Ego; second, to open myself up to the other Ego; and third, to feel with the other Ego. I investigate these eidetic universalities [Wesenallgemeinheiten] within the limits of pure intuition (HUA III, 146). To recognize the other Ego is an involuntary act that happens in consciousness (...) when I come face-to-face with another human being. To open myself up to the other Ego is a spiritual act derived from freedom. I can decide whether or not to open myself up. If I do not, empathy is interrupted, incomplete, and I can react either affectionately or distressfully, or I can make a hasty judgement and decide either to distance myself from the other or to act. If I open myself up to the other Ego, I can react affectionately or distressfully, without much information. Another possibility is to comprehend, reflect, judge, agree or disagree, and decide either to distance myself from the other or to act in either a compassionate or a confrontational way. In this regard, empathy does not imply agreeing or acting compassionately. In short, I present a mental map of this reasoning and conclude by pointing out the need to develop empathy and the importance of having time to empathise appropriately. (shrink)

This article leans on an experience of online higher education during ten years. Having set the practices of the teaching staff in the paradigmatic tensionnal field of the online higher education, the author questions in terms of arts to make the experience of teachers passing from face-to-face to online education. These arts to make are relative to the complexity of times and rhythms lived but also to the anxiety in front of time of the institution which becomes blurred in the (...) distance teaching. The author will consider that, through the invented knacks and the crossed anxieties, this passage from face-to-face to online education comes along with forms of professionalization of the organization and with the actors. (shrink)

Pascal is the most widely read French philosopher in Russia. This work looks at Pascalian studies in contemporary Russia, detailing the themes and images associated with Pascal in Russian philosophy and poetry. It also focuses on Leo Tolstoy, who read Pascal.

La société néolibérale prône une autonomisation de la personne et une libéralisation de celle-ci dont témoigneraient ses actes, ses performances et ses comportements. Pour cela elle a intégré les découvertes de la psychanalyse et de l’aliénation du sujet pour prôner une libéralisation de celui-ci, amenant aux techniques modernes de coaching et d’aide qui, en leur fond, réfèrent à la vieille technique de l’aveu. La psychanalyse s’oppose à cette conception d’un sujet réifié dans ses actes, pour concevoir celui-ci comme un être, (...) certes tout aussi déterminé par son environnement, mais en perpétuelle création, un sujet toujours en devenir. Entre ces deux options se pose un choix éthique que chacun doit trancher pour lui-même. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage est né d'une réalité et d'un besoin. La petite Maëlle, enfant autiste, est devenue adolescente, alors il fallait la suivre pour mieux l'accompagner dans cette nouvelle étape de sa vie. Comme cela arrive chez les autres enfants qui entrent dans l'adolescence, tout est remis en question : les idéaux, l'identité, l'amitié, l'amour. Entre-temps, il y a eu la publication de la cinquième version du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-5). Il fallait donc étudier cette entrée dans (...) l'adolescence à partir des données diagnostiques les plus récentes. Autisme et adolescence est la suite de L'autisme, un jour à la fois et d'Accompagner un enfant autiste. Encore ici, la mère Catherine Kozminski et la psychologue Nathalie Poirier entrent en dialogue afin de se mettre à l'écoute des besoins de l'adolescente et d'élaborer les meilleures formes d'accompagnement. Il en résulte un ouvrage plein de sensibilité et rempli de solutions pratiques. (shrink)

Murayama and Jach offer valuable suggestions for how to integrate computational processes into motivation theory, but these processes cannot do away with motivation altogether. Rewards are only rewarding because people want and like them – that is, because of motivation. Sexual desire is not primarily a quest for rewarding information. Elucidating the interface between motivation and cognition seems a promising way forward.

Language research is currently in a state of flux. The phenomenon of language is not merely the topic of investigation in linguistics, it is examined by a multitude of scholars with different scientific backgrounds. In order to examine how these various disciplines approach language, a think-tank was founded in 2002, called DITO, Dynamisch Inter(-en trans)disciplinair onderzoek, or Dynamic Inter- (and trans)disciplinary Research. The think-tank is located at the Belgian Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels). This book provides short introductory (...) articles to the language research conducted by some of the think-tank’s most important members, from within the point of view of the following 5 disciplines: philosophy of evolutionary biology, cognitive science, neuroscience, sign language research and artificial intelligence. (shrink)

Comment l’art vient-il aux personnes, aux objets, aux activités? Comment passe-t-on d’une activité quelconque à un art, d’un simple artefact à une oœuvre et d’un praticien à un artiste? C’est cette opération qu’explore ce livre, sous le nom d’« artification » : un déplacement durable et collectivement assumé de la frontière entre art et non-art. Conditions pratiques, techniques, sémantiques, juridiques, institutionnelles, organisationnelles... Les enquêtes réunies ici explorent ces différentes dimensions avec les outils de la sociologie pragmatique, attentive à la matérialité (...) des actions observées en situation. Le lecteur circulera ainsi de la danse hip-hop à la photographie, du graf aux métiers d’art, de l’art naïf à l’art brut, des arts primitifs au théâtre, du cirque à la magie, de la typographie au cinéma, de la mode aux objets de culte et de la bande dessinée au patrimoine. Et c’est au terme de ce petit voyage en artification qu’il aura enfin réponse, précisément, à la question : quand y a-t-il art? (shrink)

The title of this essay is not to be taken literally: I will not be making the case that Marseille is actually the last working class city in France. My title is a reference to Chris Marker’s 1993 film The Last Bolshevik (Le Tombeau d’Alexandre), a film about Alexander Medvedkin, one of the pioneers of early Soviet cinema. Medvedkin was the inspiration for the Groupe Medvedkine, a film collective founded by Chris Marker and made up of French militant filmmakers who, (...) in December 1967, decided to document the labor unrest that had erupted in factories near Besançon by making experimental films that involved the active participation of the workers themselves. Marker first met Medvedkin at a film festival in Leipzig .. (shrink)

Ce texte a été publié dans Carnets, n° 6, janvier 2016 – Exotopies de Barthes, p. 130-142. Résumé : L'idiorrythmie, terme que Barthes emprunte au vocabulaire religieux des monastères et qui répond à son « fantasme d'une solitude collective », d'un compromis entre retrait et engagement, est, selon nous, en germe depuis les premiers travaux et sous-tend toute son écriture. Car, parmi le foisonnement de métaphores littéraires ou philosophiques mobilisées pour mener à bien son combat d'écrivain contre le - Poétique (...) et Études littéraires – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Language is a live organism and as every other living being develops and is enriched with new words and terms, which enter the life of society together with the new tool, i.e. they enter in and mix with the order of Albanian words. Such a thing is inevitable and in some cases even useful, but every word that is lined up in the order of Albanian words must be well filtered. “The introduction of new words and exclusion of old ones (...) is a natural process, and it happens in any language. This is what happened with the Greek borrowings in Latin, with the Arabic borrowings in Greek, with the Latin borrowings in many European languages, with the Persian borrowings in Turkish, with the Turkish borrowings in Albanian, etc.” - Prof. Hajri Shehu emphasizes in a scientific interview. In recent decades, with the expansion of the Internet, many foreign words began to enter and be used in the Albanian language. English took up more space than expected; in addition to penetrating through various tool notions, it also replaced centuries-old native words of Albanian. The paper has been divided into three parts and in each part an issue has been dealt with: the first part talks about the use of foreign words and the existing words in Albanian; the second part deals with the use of emoticons used instead of words and the third part deals with writing errors in the Albanian language. These are some of the issues that have created a great concern for the Albanian language in this century and they certainly need to be addressed seriously to prevent the dangers that may threaten it. (shrink)

Through the public debates which are unfolding about Genetically Modified Organisms in Europe, new issues have taken shape. This article attempts to understand the possibility of such novelties in light of the political positions taken by the pragmatist philosopher John Dewey. In order to bring about the necessity of an active public, taking an active part in the definition and realisation of political ends, he makes two radical proposals: a perspective of the emergence of the State, and political experimentation as (...) the method needed by this perspective. The possibility of the emergence of new forms of the State, of new public issues, is the goal of political experimentation. And the formation of a public - a public taking active part in the elaboration of the knowledge needed to decide on issues which are always specific - is the causal event which has to emerge in and through such experimentation. (shrink)

L’ouvrage d’Ana Iriarte et de Marta González, qui n’est malheureusement pas encore traduit en français, propose à partir d’une lecture des textes grecs, une réflexion sur la violence et l’érotisme dans une perspective genrée. En reconsidérant la figure d’Arès, dieu de la guerre et de la force brutale et celle d’Aphrodite, déesse de l’amour et de la persuasion érotique, les auteures nous montrent que le partage des genres n’est pas si tranché qu’il y paraît et que, parfois, le champ de (...) la viol... (shrink)

Au IVe siècle avant J.-C. le philosophe Platon propose la création d'une cité idéale, fondée, pour l'élite dirigeante, sur un mode de vie communautaire qui ne laisse que très peu de liberté aux relations entre les hommes et les femmes. Une politique eugéniste rigoureuse est mise en œuvre et chaque union sexuelle doit être impérativement approuvée par les instances dirigeantes. Cependant, en dehors des périodes dédiées à la procréation, les hommes et les femmes bénéficient d'une liberté sexuelle sans restriction.

Melancholia Africana argues that in the African and Afro-diasporic context, melancholy is rooted in collective experiences such as slavery, colonization, and the post-colony.

Este texto explora a antropologia subjacente ao Princípio Responsabilidade. Jonas, ali, propõe um humanismo não antropocêntrico que leva em conta a posição deiscente do homem na natureza e sublinha a mútua dependência essencial entre eles. A crítica às utopias e essa posição deiscente do humano completam a réplica de Jonas ao dualismo acósmico de tipo gnóstico, isto é, do homem e da natureza, com um argumento ontológico e ético. Com efeito,se a essência da natureza e a do homem são mutuamente (...) dependentes, as consequências do agir (tecnológico) humano importam em última instância para a humanidade também. Ora, desde que o homem é homem, ele é o que deve ser e não é preciso tentar melhorar seuser enquanto tal. Por conseguinte, nenhum humano pode ser sacrificado em nome de um futuro melhor (cf. crítica de Bloch). Por outro lado, seguindo a lógica metabólica do vivente, o humano é caracterizado por um fiat constante, um agir pelo qual ele ganha ou perde sua dignidade moral no seio de cada ato singular, o que contrasta com a lógica da acumulação tecnológica. Em razão do que denominamos uma antropologia dos incomensuráveis, em que o agir moral não é jamais assegurado, Jonas recusa toda concepção utópica que implicaria um sacrifício de alguém (tanto dos contemporâneos pelos homens futuros, quanto dos homens futuros pelos contemporâneos), mas ele propõe uma ética da renúncia. Renunciar àpresunção que nos faria ocupar uma posição que não é a nossa e negligenciar as condições de possibilidade de nosso agir no mundo. (shrink)

La sociologie de la littérature tend à aborder les œuvres comme « reflets » ou « miroirs » d’une société donnée. Une approche davantage inspirée de la pragmatique permet d’inverser la perspective, en questionnant la façon dont la littérature – et plus précisément la fiction – agit sur les lecteurs en cadrant, ouvrant, construisant l’imaginaire. Parallèlement à ce « tournant pragmatique », la notion d’« artialisation » permet d’opérer un semblable renversement de perspective, surtout si l’on accepte de l’élargir en (...) y incluant non seulement la perception mais aussi les représentations et les émotions. (shrink)

Femmes de grandes tribus commerçantes, filles de bonnes familles ou de groupes statutairement méprisés, héritières rebelles ou épouses prospères, ou encore amoureuses vagabondes, les quatre businesswomen présentées dans ce travail sont, sans doute, les pionnières de la classe d’affaires féminine mauritanienne. De la fin de la période coloniale aux premiers pas de la Mauritanie indépendante, l’analyse des trajectoires professionnelles et des itinéraires personnels de ces Dames – constitués d’une multitude d’opportunismes et de pieds de nez à l’ordre social établi – (...) donne à comprendre leurs capacités à s’établir comme des notables fortunées et incontournables dans la sphère commerçante transnationale balisée par les hommes. Elles incarnent tout simplement, aux yeux du chercheur, une mise en réseau du monde bien antérieure aux théories postmodernes d’un capitalisme désorganisé. Elles incarnent en Mauritanie les protagonistes principales de success stories au féminin. (shrink)

In 2010, two years after the global financial collapse that triggered the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s, the best-selling publication in France was not that year’s Prix Goncourt,1 Michel Houellebecq’s La carte et le territoire (The Map and the Territory), a novel published by Flammarion, one of Paris’s leading publishing houses. That honor went to Indignez-vous! (Time for Outrage!), a 32-page pamphlet authored by 93-year-old Stéphane Hessel, a former hero of the French Resistance, a concentration (...) camp survivor and career diplomat. Hessel’s booklet, issued by Indigène Editions, a small provincial publisher, has since sold over 2 million copies, reaching an estimated 10 million .. (shrink)

Universal Darwinism provides a methodology to study the evolution of anatomical form and sociocultural behavior that centers on defining the units and levels of selection, and it identifies the conditions whereby natural selection operates. In previous work, I have examined how this selection-focused evolutionary epistemology may be universalized to include theories that associate with an extended synthesis. Applied evolutionary epistemology is a metatheoretical framework that understands any and all kinds of evolution as phenomena where units evolve by mechanisms at levels (...) of an ontological hierarchy; and it provides three heuristics to search for these units, levels and mechanisms. The heuristics are applicable to language and sociocultural evolution, and here, we give an in-depth analysis of how the unit-heuristic can be implemented into language origin and evolution studies. The importance of developing hierarchy theories is also more fully explained. (shrink)