Logic of proofs LP was introduced by S. Artemov in. It describes properties of the proof predicate “t is a proof of F” formalized by the formula ⟦t⟧ F. Proofs are represented by terms constructed by three elementary recursive operations on proofs. In this paper we extend the language of the logic of proofs by the additional storage predicate x ∋ F with the intended interpretation “x is a label for F”. The storage predicate can play the role of syntax (...) encoding, so it is useful for specification of operations on proofs, especially those that require formula arguments. We give a definition of a specification of an operation on proofs and introduce logics that describe such operations. For a large class of operations we prove the completeness of these logics with respect to the intended semantics. We also study the logic describing the operation of substitution. (shrink)

“Heidegger and Ethics” remains a controversial topic among Heidegger scholars. What appears particularly troublesome is the conjunction itself, [which hints on a link between] Heidegger and ethics. Heidegger proposes to consider ethics in its original source, distinguishing it from morality and from “ethics” as a “philosophical discipline,” which often concerns with social or political issues. Heidegger distinguishes ἔuο6 from ἦ?uο6, preferring to discuss “ethos” instead of “ethics.” Heidegger's main “hero” here is Aristotle. When referring to Aristotelian texts, Heidegger attempts nothing (...) less but to rethink the “first” part of first philosophy. The leading question in interpretation of Aristotle is the question of the objectness of Being, in which both Being of human and Being of life are interpreted. Heidegger asks himself what the phenomenological foundation for explicating the [meaning] of man is, and what categories evolve from this foundation. This article focuses on the same question. It begins wi... (shrink)

In the present paper I present the metalinguistic solutions to the ‘lost disagreement’ problem proposed Sundell and Plunkett [2013] and Barker [2012]. I argue that metalinguistic negotiations about taste, even though successful in explaining the intuition of disagreement in a vast number of cases, are not an accurate solution to the disagreement problem in contextualism when it comes to the most paradigmatic case of “tasty”. I also argue against the account of faultless disagreement explained via vagueness of taste predicates [Barker, (...) 2012]. I believe that the notion of faultlessness employed in the discussion of vagueness [Wright, 1994] is a different notion than the one employed in the discussion of taste discourse [Kölbel, 2003]. (shrink)

In this article, we address the case of self-tracking as a practice in which two meaningful backgrounds (physical world and technological infrastructure) play an important role as the spatial dimension of human practices. Using a (post)phenomenological approach, we show how quantification multiplies backgrounds, while at the same time generating data about the user. As a result, we can no longer speak of a unified background of human activity, but of multiple dimensions of this background, which, additionally, is perceived as having (...) no pivotal role in the process, often being hidden, situated beyond human consciousness, or taken for granted. Consequently, the phenomenological experience of the background turns into a hermeneutic practice focused on the interpretation of representations and descriptions. By adopting a (post)phenomenological approach, we show the problems and limitations of quantification of human activities occurring in self-tracking and the theoretical problems associated with the scheme of human-technology relations. (shrink)

This study examines whether private information exchange between institutional investors and public companies in engagement dialogs on sustainability issues improves the publicly disclosed measurements of the target company’s financial and non-financial performance and transparency. It uses a unique dataset containing 326 private reports related to environmental, social, and anti-corruption recommendations to address material incidents among publicly traded MSCI World Index portfolio companies of Nordic institutional investors. The results indicate that target companies appear to have similar values with matched companies on (...) sustainability performance and transparency ratings in the 3 years following the initiation of private reporting. Unexpected sustainability incidents are subsequently reflected in the next year’s fall in the market value of target companies relative to MSCI World Index. This paper provides empirical evidence for the legitimacy-based provision of private sustainability information used in a larger disclosure system of public companies. (shrink)

This article analyzes the recent growth of popular interest in fungi across commerce, design, wellness, fiction, and film. Focusing on the ways that fungi are said to take the form of distributed networks, we argue that it is primarily through aesthetics that fungi are marshaled to address ecological and capitalist crisis.

Seriam as mulheres notáveis e intelectualmente talentosas exceções à regra? A esta pergunta, que reflete com precisão uma concepção do feminino reiteradamente apresentada e defendida por filósofos e escritores filiados às mais diversas tradições intelectuais, Laura Cereta, uma humanista italiana do século XV, busca responder em uma das cartas mais agudas de seu conjunto de ensaios epistolares. Ao longo das linhas endereçadas a um correspondente que recebe, ironicamente, o nome de Bibolo Semproni, Cereta desafia e busca refutar, com base em (...) exemplos tomados da história e da mitologia, a ideia segundo a qual as mulheres seriam, por natureza, moral e intelectualmente inferiores. Trata-se, neste artigo, de seguir de perto o argumento desenvolvido pela autora na carta em questão, destacando, em especial, sua defesa do direito das mulheres à educação e seu recurso à imagem de uma espécie de árvore genealógica, uma longa e nobre linhagem de mulheres célebres – uma generositas –, que apontaria para a existência de uma república das mulheres [respublica mulierum] documentada e constituída historicamente. (shrink)

This article examines the conceptualisation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of mining multinationals (MNCs) in Argentina. It explores the suitability of CSR for addressing social, environmental and economic issues associated with mining in the country. The study is based on interviews with four stakeholder groups in the country: government, civil society, international financial organisations, and mining industry. These are analysed using content and interpretative techniques and supplemented by the content analysis of secondary data from headquarters of mining (...) MNCs. Using the concept of corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO), the study contrasts the perceptions of major stakeholders and examines adaptation of mining companies’ CSRO to local context. It reveals that the CSRO of mining managers in Argentina differs from CSRO developed by global headquarters; and in Argentina companies “negotiate” economic, environmental and legal dimensions of CSR with the government. Although companies “negotiate” philanthropic responsibilities with the communities, ethical responsibilities are defined by the headquarters and not negotiated locally. The analysis suggests that environmental duties are the critical element of CSR in the mining sector in Argentina. This study treats environment as a separate dimension of corporate responsibility defined as to do “what is safe for the environment”. (shrink)

This qualitative study indentifies how corporate responsibility (CR) practices are diffused to companies, as well as the factors that influence this diffusion process. Forest companies, industry associations, non-governmental organizations, and academics in Brazil, Canada, and the United States participated in this interview-based study. Data emerging from a grounded theory approach revealed three factors influencing the diffusion of CR practices to companies: (1) external contextual characteristics, (2) connectors, and (3) experts and expert organizations. These three factors influence each other, meaning that (...) the diffusion process of CR practices is somewhat cyclic. These interactions are usually manifested by companies and expert organizations influencing each other’s actions, being influenced by the external environment, and contributing to the CR trends that are observed in the external environment. (shrink)

A key benefit of Bayesian reasoning is that it stipulates how to optimally integrate unreliable sources of information. The authors present evidence that humans use Bayesian inference to determine how much to trust advice from another person, based on information about that person's knowledge and strategy.

The subject of the study is Bernardo Bertolucci's film "The Last Emperor", in particular, the coloristic of the film and the psychology of the image of the main character, which is largely revealed through the color palette and individual artistic details. The object of research is the language of cinematography, cinematographic artistic techniques. Despite the sometimes shocking images and plots, Bertolucci's films were highly appreciated by the international community and domestic film critics due to their artistic solution and topical issues (...) affecting the problems of class struggle and anti-fascist themes. The author of the article examines the image of the main character of the film, Aisingero Pu Yi, the last emperor of China and Manchukuo. The film is based on real historical events taking place in the first half of the 20th century, so the dramatic collisions of the character are not perceived by the viewer as some kind of abstract problem. Against the backdrop of the complex historical changes that China has faced, many questions of the formation and self-determination of the individual are being raised. The image of Emperor Pu Yi is revealed gradually through a comparison of two storylines and the color scheme of the film, since it is the color palette that helps to subtly and meaningfully convey the psychological content of the character. The main research methods are analytical and comparative-historical. The composition of the film and the dynamics of the change in the color palette of individual episodes are analyzed, which makes it possible to trace the evolution of the image. The author comes to the conclusion that it was the coloristic solution of the film that allowed the creators to convey the national color and historical atmosphere of China of a certain historical period and show a vivid image of the protagonist on the screen. (shrink)

In this paper we aim to think systematically about, formulate, and begin addressing some of the challenges to applying theories of moral responsibility to behaviors shaped by a particular subset of unsettling psychological complexities: namely, implicit biases.

Russian philosophy has always lived on translations. Difficulties in the process of creating a conceptual language used to be overcome gradually, one by one. Now, in the post-Soviet period after all of the locks had been opened, the accelerated development of Russian culture often causes us to assimilate deconstructivism before constructivism and some newer versions of phenomenology before Husserl. It brings about a cultural paradox which cannot be solved by habitual philosophical means. My point here is that Russian philology is (...) able to contribute toward finding a way out. The paper aims to justify this idea. (shrink)

For the past half a century, Latin American scholars have been pointing toward the emergence of new social actors as agents of social and political democratization. The first wave of actors was characterized by the emergence of novel agents—mainly, new popular movements—of social transformation. At first, the second wave, epitomized by nongovernmental organizations, was celebrated as the upsurge of a new civil society, but later on, it was the target of harsh criticism. The literature often portrays this development in Latin (...) American civil society as a displacement trend of actors of the first wave by the second wave—“NGOization”—and even denounces new civil society as rootless, depoliticized, and functional to retrenchment. Thus, supposedly, NGOization encumbers social change. The authors argue that NGOization diagnosis is a flawed depiction of change within civil society. Rather than NGOization related to the depoliticization and neoliberalization of civil society, in Mexico City and São Paulo, there has been modernization of organizational ecologies, changes in the functional status of civil society, and interestingly, specialization aimed at shaping public agenda. The authors argue that such specialization, instead of encumbering social change, brings about different repertoires of strategies and skills purposively developed for influencing policy and politics. Their argument relies on comparative systematic evidence. Through network analysis, they examine the organizational ecology of civil society in Mexico City and São Paulo. (shrink)

The photographic apparatus whose emergence is located in the mid-nineteenth century has not been perfectly located within the history of technology, sometimes considered as a simple tool or instrument whose utility was mainly in the field of scientific research, other times giving it the status of machine, accentuating this time the automatism of its operation. Both visions seem insufficient to us since both one and the other present a certain partiality in the understanding of the apparatus, which should not be (...) reduced to its mere optical character or to its automatism, since this is also a form of recording, of memory. Our interest will focus on demonstrating how photography should be thought of as “apparatus”, that is, as a complex element within the history of technology; that not only was able to perfect our vision considered as deficient, but at the same time was able to grant a new temporality and a specific type of perception to an entire era. (shrink)

The paper analyzes the problem of Trinitarian theology in the light of the communication paradigm and clarifying the outlines of a new ontology of personality that grows from the phenomenon of communication. The author of the article argues that communication event lays the foundation for a hypostatic being of the Divine Persons of the Trinity, providing its ontological unity. This dynamism of the divine hypostasis, implemented in their dialogue, shifts the focus from the fact who is the Divine Trinity, to (...) the space "between", in which their conversation is heard. The relation of each Hypostases of the Trinity - their relativity lays the foundation of the divine ontological being. The beginning of the Communion becomes a meeting of a man with God, which is made possible thanks to the special disposition of the first to hear the appeal of the Second - that is through the openness. Relationship with God is a ground for dialogue with neighbors and the rest of creation. For personal progress must keep the most perfect specimen to which to aspire. It is tempting to think of the approach of the Creator through attachment to the community of the faithful, the mystical body of Christ, and thus leads to ecclesiology. Ecclesiology, in turn, is the basis for the doctrine of the Divine Trinity. Proper understanding of form and essence of communion with God Everlasting between Trinity incarnation sets a benchmark that a person must take a sample to communicate as others. So Christian theology insists on the importance of internal communication as an opportunity to experience God in himself. Instead, God instead throwing its nature, is to do the opposite: passing over in silence the depths of the Godhead and give Him reveal to us the true personality. However, just before, standing, meeting and dialogue between man and man by God and is a prerequisite of full disclosure of the human person, its constitution and approach the transcendent source. (shrink)

Different proprietary databases have been used extensively in research to assess the environmental performance and environmental risk of companies. This study explores the convergent validity of the environmental ratings of MSCI ESG STATS, Thomson Reuters ASSET4 and Global Engagement Services. The study shows that the ratings have common dimensions, but on aggregate, they do not converge. On the environmental opportunity side, KLD environmental strengths, and ASSET4 and GES environmental performance metrics correlate highly and provide convergent scores for US companies from (...) 2003–2011. On the environmental risk side, KLD environmental concerns converge with the GES environmental industry risk and company emissions from the ASSET4 database. Further analysis confirms that industry-related risks are drivers of company-specific environmental performance. (shrink)

Luigi Caranti, Kant’s Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2017 Natalia Lerussi.

Interview of Amina Khelufi, Kseniia Myroshnyk and Nataliia Reva with Natalia Viatkina.

Using semiotic and historical methods, the article recovers the ancient Russian concept of ‘state’, which appeared and gained a foothold in the Russian social and cultural space in the fourteen and fifteenth centuries. In the authors’ opinions, this content has determined the basic features for understanding the State in modern post-Soviet Russian society to date. Accordingly, it is important to reassemble the main conceptual threads in the ‘state’ concept during the epoch of Ivan the Terrible, the Muscovite Tsar, the epoch (...) when the ‘state’ concept gained a foothold in Russian political culture. To re-establish the content of the ‘state’ concept, a historical description, an etymological and comparative analysis of this concept, as well as content analysis of the first epistle from Tsar Ivan the Terrible to Duke Andrei Kurbsky were employed. As a result, it was possible to recover the aspects of the ‘state’ concept that continue to be reproduced in post-Soviet Russian culture and predetermine certain elements of modern Russia’s political outlook. This concerns the central role of the ‘sovereign ruler’ in the State, the ideal of the ideological unity, the State’s mission of mediation between man and God, the hierarchy of the State and the sacral role of the ruler at the peak of this hierarchy. (shrink)

As is well know, one of the most impressive mentalities of the Middle Ages was that of scholastic thought. The scholastic, in its true sense, must be understood as a particular type of didactics used to understand the Holy Scriptures and doctrines of the faith. Nevertheless it was specifically the modus operandi of the masters of the medieval universities. It reached its zenith in the 13th century thanks, fundamentally, to two simultaneous phenomena: the return to the West of Aristotle’s works (...) and the creation of the University. However, this forma mentis had already begun to develop in the works of several previous thinkers, perhaps the most significant of which being Sic et Non, by Peter Abelard. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this article will focus on the methodological principles that Abelard introduces in the prologue of his work. This will then allow us to compare the substance of the rupture with, and renovation of, previous thinking as well as to emphasise the contributions that so intimately link it to the first scholastic. (shrink)

Nursing is at the same time a vocation, a profession and a job. By nature, nursing is a moral endeavor, and being a ‘good nurse’ is an issue and an aspiration for professionals. The aim of our qualitative research project carried out with 18 nurse teachers at a university nursing school in Brazil was to identify the ethical image of nursing. In semistructured interviews the participants were asked to choose one of several pictures, to justify their choice and explain what (...) they meant by an ethical nurse. Five different perspectives were revealed: good nurses fulfill their duties correctly; they are proactive patient advocates; they are prepared and available to welcome others as persons; they are talented, competent, and carry out professional duties excellently; and they combine authority with power sharing in patient care. The results point to a transition phase from a historical introjection of religious values of obedience and service to a new sense of a secular, proactive, scientific and professional identity. (shrink)

Estas notas surgen del encuentro con fotografías del diario Crónica, tomadas entre 1971 y 1972 durante la dictadura de Alejandro Lanusse, y las diversas preguntas que se suscitaron en torno a su legibilidad histórica y a su relación con las memorias visuales. Dichas imágenes fueron tomadas en escenas preparadas por las Fuerzas Armadas y de Seguridad a los fines de ser registradas por medios de comunicación. Es decir, se producen ante la convocatoria y demanda de los propios operadores de la (...) dictadura. En este sentido, nos preguntamos ¿qué tratamientos y usos de la imagen han sido desplegados en la comunidad discursiva de las Fuerzas, en la planificación y ejecución del terror de Estado en Argentina? ¿Cómo se han significado determinados objetos, imágenes, signos, en una matriz históricamente configurada por el Estado represor? Pero también ¿qué significaciones posibles para los gestos que en las imágenes supervivientes nos interpelan? Nos proponemos bordear estas preguntas a partir del análisis semiótico político de las imágenes atendiendo a sus condiciones de producción y de circulación, a sus huellas, a lo que insiste en torno a su irreductibilidad y a su potencia subversiva. (shrink)

Modern dialogue of society and science proceeds in the conditions of social media distribution and the convergence of scientific knowledge. This processes change system of mass information and communication channels between scientific actors, leaders of public opinion and organizers of public initiatives. The conflict between an elite normativity of a scientific discourse and an egalitarian normativity of a public discourse takes the new forms. Authors show how in large quantities extending practice of civil expertise, based on civil journalism (a blogosphere (...) and social networks), interrupt into procedures of scientific examination. Active inclusion of civil experts became an attribute of transdisciplinary science. The main feature of this type of science is operational decision making in the conditions of uncertainty. However transition of transdisciplinary science to a phase of the technoscience defines convergence borders of the formal and informal knowledge. Technoscience takes root into the vital world as a magic “black box” for the inhabitant. Authors believe that the transdialogue formed by transdisciplinary scientific experts and deprofessionalized leaders of civil journalism is complicated by deficiency of epistemological competence of civil experts. One of the problem is inclusion the electronic media practices in production and the social circulation of scientific knowledge. Using rather known, but not yet entered in the field of philosophical scientific research examples of direct influence of civil experts on processes which in a former communication order were intra scientific, authors realised a research of the new aspects of modern science expanding a traditional subject of philosophy of science and technology. (shrink)

El presente ensayo se ocupa de la concepción de la psykhé en Platón e poner de relieve la contradicción que subyace en las diferentes formas en que el autor trata la naturaleza de la misma en los diálogos del Fedón y de la República. Una de las nociones clave para entender el salto que da Platón del alma simple al alma com-puesta es la alteración en el concepto de stásis (conflicto). Dicho salto dará lugar a una concepción diferente de la (...) psykhé provocando una escisión entre dichos diálogos en cuanto a la inmortalidad del alma, dejando abiertas diferentes posibilidades de interpretación e impidiendo una sólida conclusión que permita afirmar qué le ocurre al alma después de la muerte del cuerpo. (shrink)

La conflictiva recepción del corpus aristotélico en el mundo latino hacia el s. XIII es bien conocida. En ese período, asistimos, entre otras cosas, tanto a diversas condenas universitarias como a la conformación de lo que podrían considerarse “facciones” respecto de la doctrina del Estagirita. Tal vez uno de los textos que causó mayor revuelo fue el De anima. De todo lo que se ha escrito sobre el tema, nos interesa particularmente el De unitate intellectus contra averroistas de Tomás de (...) Aquino. Y es que allí el Aquinate se encarga no sólo de explicitar su propia postura, sino también de retomar las tesis de sus opositores. Ahora bien, puesto que un análisis exhaustivo es incompatible con el propósito de esta comunicación, nos centraremos puntualmente en las objeciones que, en el capítulo III, hace a la teoría de Siger de Brabante acerca de la unión del alma intelectiva con el cuerpo y su relación con el conocimiento humano. A fin de cuentas, tal como se verá más adelante, es este aspecto puntual el que más le molesta, puesto que las consecuencias que se derivan de ello exceden el ámbito metafísico e, incluso el gnoseológico, repercutiendo directamente tanto en la ética en general como en la fe cristiana en particular. (shrink)

Manuscript Paris Bib. Nat. lat. 2923 contains, among other texts, the letters of Abelard and Heloise, with notes by Francesco Petrarca. Although these texts have been the object of study by many researchers, especially philologists, none has ever published the complete marginal notes or done a thorough exegesis of them. In general, with the exception of the work of Pierre de Nolhac and Peter Dronke, and certain paragraphs that Constant Mews devotes to the subject, descriptions and other references to these (...) notes are framed primarily in Abelardian studies. Therefore, in the hope of expanding the studies that will bring Abelard and Petrarch closer, we have decided to produce the first complete edition of all of Petrarch’s marginal notes, with a view to future hermeneutical analysis. It is, after all, much more than letters that Abelard and Petrarch have in common. This first part of the article contains the marginal notes, each with its corresponding codicological description and ratio edendi. (shrink)

When J. L. Austin first presented his work on speech acts, it concentrated primarily on explaining how our utterances can change the non-linguistic reality around us. A new fruitful area of study explaining how saying something can constitute doing something else than saying was established, and for a very long time—in fact, until this day—philosophers debate what makes a promise a promise and not just a plan, what distinguishes an assertion from a conjecture, and what kind of mental states are (...) required of a speaker for her illocution to be successful. The original framework, as presented by Austin’s colleague, John Searle, has shaped a vast landscape of many very different research projects, such as explaining the normative structure underlying performing speech acts, exploring the connections between illocutions and other pragmatic phenomena such as implicature and presupposition, or investigating how speech acts influence the conversational scoreboard, to name just a few. Yet another area of research centres on applying speech act theoretic devices to tackle apparently distant problems in philosophy of language, such as reference, disagreement or lying. (shrink)

The article discusses the cognitive-linguistic technique of frameshifting and its potential for deliberate impoliteness in antagonistic politically charged discourse. Frameshifting involves the construction of utterances in such a way that their comprehension involves two stages: the reader is first led to invoke one mental frame and then is forced to discard it and to invoke a different frame, with the final message being deliberately insulting. The article demonstrates that frameshifting, which has been studied predominantly in humorous discourse, can also be (...) used in aggressive communication to intensify the insulting potential of utterances and to simultaneously increase prominence and memorability of the message. The article argues that the effects of impoliteness can depend on the manner of expression, and if the speaker chooses a particularly innovative and conspicuously intentional means of expression, the intent to insult comes to the forefront, the insulting meaning is amplified, and the resulting negative message is strengthened. (shrink)

The most fascinating aspect of human language is grammar. Grammar is a computational system that mediates a mapping between linguistic form and meaning. Grammar is the machinery that gives rise to the unlimited expressibility of human language.

En el trabajo nos ocupamos de desarrollar el problema del enlace entre la filosofía teórica y la filosofía práctica o del tránsito entre naturaleza y libertad tal y como Kant lo aborda en la Introducción definitiva a la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar. Específicamente proponemos la hipótesis según la cual Kant describe el modo como dicho enlace se realiza, a través de la facultad de juzgar, a partir de dos modelos diferentes. Según el primer modelo, el tránsito se efectúa (...) a partir de la idea de un fundamento de unidad de lo suprasensible que subyace a la naturaleza y lo suprasensible por libertad. De acuerdo al segundo modelo, el tránsito es posible porque lo suprasensible por libertad es puesto como causa o fundamento de la ley natura. Nos enfrentamos, así, a dos modos de pensar diferentes el tránsito en cuestión y, por lo tanto, dos modos alternativos de pensar la realización de la libertad en la naturaleza. In the paper I develop the question of linking theory and practice or, in other words, the problem of the transition between nature and freedom in Kant's Introduction to his Critique of the Power of Judgment. I propose specifically the hypotheses according to which Kant describes indeed two different models through which the linking occurs. According to the first one the transition accomplishes thanks to the idea of a ground of the unite of the supersensible that would underlie nature and the supersensible presupposed by freedom. According to the second one, the transition is possible because the supersensible by freedom is put it as cause or ground of the law of nature. Thus we face to two different ways of thinking the linking between theory and practice and, consequently, two alternative ways of thinking the realization of freedom in nature. (shrink)

The study deals with the communicative interaction between the author, the hero, the text, the reader in a postmodern novel. A similar and ambiguous reality, on the one hand, sometimes led to the subjectivist hypertrophy, absolutizing the author’s world view, and at times minimized and devaluated the author’s identity, on the other. Therefore, from the end of the 1990s the ways of expressing author’s “Self” changed dramatically, which directly affected the means of creating a hero in the contemporary Ukrainian literature. (...) An important place in the communicative literary model was occupied by the text as an independent semantic unit and the reader as an interpreter of the text. The specifics of deploying the dialog between the author and the hero point to the transformation of their functions in the Ukrainian postmodern novel. Considering the statement of the death of the author proclaimed by R. Barthes, the former stops being the main holistic text creator, thus rather becoming its product and the way of expression. The author, the hero and the text have a certain integrity aimed at the interpretative game with the recipient, who diffuses the newly created semantic integrity into a diversity of meanings. (shrink)