Current research has focused on gender as a conditioning factor in students’ study choices, highlighting the existence of gender stereotypes associated with these choice. The general objective of this article is to analyse if there are differences based on sex in the choice of musical instruments in music conservatories. The methodology used is quantitative. We have analysed the data on enrolment in the different instrumental specialities of two public music conservatories in Seville (Spain) at the three levels of music education: (...) Basic, Professional and Higher Music Education. This article contrasts if there are instrumental specialities that are mostly chosen by one or the other sex, and to check if this sexual segregation has been produced by chance or can be explained by other causes. This investigation was carried out for a total of 4120 students from two different conservatories. The main conclusions of the study were the existence of feminized and masculinized instrumental families, and the relationship between the variables “students’ sex” and “instrumental families and musical specialities” was significant with a medium effect size. This research confirms that men and women choose the instruments that have traditionally been associated with their male or female roles respectively. (shrink)

The challenges of adapting to this new world require universities to establish new actions that strengthen the preparation of their students. The objective of the research is to identify the degree of burnout that students of the Bachelor of Public Accounting (BPA) and Bachelor of Economics and Finance (BEF) programs of the Technological Institute of Sonora are experiencing. The research methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, with a cross-sectional design and descriptive scope. To collect the information, the Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS) was (...) used, developed by Schaufeli, Martínez, Salanova, GonzálezRomá and Bakker in 2002 in its Colombian adaptation and validation developed by Hederich and Caballero in 2016. The contribution is to determine the situation of the students of these academic programs in three major aspects: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Academic Efficiency, in such a way that interventions are established that support the academic transition of the student. (shrink)

El presente artículo estudia las representaciones de mujeres con VIH/sida, en el libro Tiempos del SIDA. Relatos de la vida real, de Myriam Francis. El trabajo inicia con un análisis sobre la exclusión de los sujetos femeninos de la literatura “seropositiva” latinoamericana. Se plantea que las pocas representaciones que existen se enfocan en “mujeres sospechosas”, lo cual se repite, hasta cierto punto, en los textos de Francis seleccionados: “La última puerta”, “La viuda alegre” y “La chica alegre”. Luego, se (...) ofrece una explicación sobre el contexto en el que surgen las historias, un “pabellón-moridero” que se describe más bien como un espacio ameno, el cual, sin embargo, enfatiza la tragicidad que rodea a cada “caso”. Después, se estudian los tres relatos mencionados, en los que se mueven los símbolos primarios del mal (la mancilla, el pecado y la culpabilidad), de manera que una mujer es representada como una “víctima inocente” y otras, como “víctimas culpables” (fundamentalmente por sus “estilos de vida nocivos”). Finalmente, el trabajo concluye que la narrativa de Francis moviliza algunos principios de la “teoría de la degeneración”, para explicar las situaciones experimentadas por los personajes femeninos y ofrecer un mensaje didáctico-moralizante. (shrink)

Despite growing interest in workplace democracy, the question whether nonworker stakeholders, like suppliers and local communities, warrant inclusion in the governance of democratic companies, as workers do, has been largely neglected. We inspect this question by leaning on the boundary problem in democratic theory. We first argue that the question of who warrants inclusion in democratic workplaces is best addressed by examining why workplace democracy is warranted in the first place, and offer a twofold normative benchmark—addressing objectionable corporate power and (...) upholding efficiency—to assess the principles of democratic inclusion on offer. Against this benchmark, we next argue that the All-Affected Principle is unfit due to its over- and underinclusive extensional results, and that the All-Subjected Principle, whose variants we examine alongside their extensional results, holds more promise when coupled with independent considerations of justice or a constrained variant of the All-Affected Principle. These combinations need not entirely preclude, but speak against, nonworker stakeholder inclusion. (shrink)

Background: Several authors have focused on the aesthetics of nursing care from diverse perspectives; however, there are few studies about the sublime and the beautiful in nursing. Aim: To identify beautiful and sublime moments in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care. Methods: A theoretical reflection has been contemplated about sublime and beautiful values in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care from the cultural history perspective. For that purpose, a revision of this issue has been completed. The (...) terms ‘beautiful’ and ‘sublime’ have been analysed to identify the characteristics of both in the context of nursing care. Ethical consideration: We have followed all ethical requirements regarding the sources, conducting research and authorship. There is no conflict of interest in this paper. Results: With aesthetic knowledge, the nurse expresses the artistic nature of nursing care by appreciating the act of caring for individuals. The sublime is a complex phenomenon, since apparently contrary feelings are interwoven. Nursing care is an art with an anthropological object-subject on which the ‘artist’ applies their prior knowledge and skills. Feelings and emotions that develop during the clinical nursing practice – especially at times sublime and beautiful, aesthetic – constitute experiences which are professionally significant. (shrink)

Aim: The presence of noise in urban environments is rarely considered a factor that causes damage to the environment. The primary generating source is transportation means, with vehicles being the ones that affect cities the most. Traffic noise has a particular influence on the quality of life of those who are exposed to it and can cause health alterations ranging from annoyance to cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to describe the relationship between the traffic noise level and the perceived annoyance (...) in the inhabitants of a city on the Northern Border of Mexico. The work carried out in a city represents the vulnerability characteristics: economic, social, and migratory of its sizable portion of the inhabitants. Due to that, it is impossible to identify precisely the number of residents as the number of vehicles in circulation.Methods: The streets and avenues with an annual average daily traffic of more than 1,000 vehicles were considered for the measurement of traffic noise. The equipment used was a vehicle gauge with non-invasive speed radar; type I integrating sound level meters, with their respective gauges and tripods. A questionnaire was applied to people living within 250 m of the streets and avenues in which the noise was measured.Results: The noise measurement found a parameter of LAeq estimated for 12 h during the day, exceeding 70 dBA. The data received from the questionnaire were statistically tested by using Pearson's correlation tests. A total number of 2,350 people were participated, of whom 1,378 were women and 972 were men. The age of participants is ranged from 18 to 75 years. The overall perception of traffic noise annoyance identified that 1,131 participants responded “Yes” as they considered the noise annoying. Participants who responded “No” as well as those who responded “Do not know” resulted in a total of 1,219 people.Conclusion: The results show that the population is desensitized to traffic noise and does not perceive it as an annoyance. The flow of vehicles and the type of vehicles are the significant factors for the propagation and increase in the traffic noise levels. Women present a considerable appreciation of traffic noise perception instead of younger people who demonstrate a higher tolerance to high-level exposure. This reflects the lack of information of the population around the noise problem and its effects. (shrink)

Workplace democracy is often defined, and has recently been defended, as a form of intra-firm governance in which workers have control rights over management with no ownership requirement on their part. Using the normative tools of republican political theory, the paper examines bargaining power disparities and moral hazard problems resulting from the allocation of control rights and ownership to different groups within democratic firms, with a particular reference to the European codetermination system. With various qualifications related to potentially mitigating factors, (...) such as workforce and shareholder composition or risk aversion and reallocation, the paper contends that forms of workplace democracy in which workers control and own the firm, such as cooperativism, are preferable to other forms, such as codetermination, in which ownership and control rights are formally separated. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una reflexión política acerca del VIH-sida, estructurada en cuatro momentos: primero, una aproximación a las políticas de la vida donde se devela el actuar de la necropolítica, el biopoder, la biopolítica y biolegitimidad en relación con el VIH-sida; segundo, se aborda una antropología política del cuerpo, la cual advierte las distintas formas de poder, violencia y verdad que experimentan las personas que viven con VIH-sida; tercero, un acercamiento al modo en que se reproduce una economía moral del (...) castigo, donde se articulan elementos normativos, médico-sanitarios, de la vida, el cuerpo y la sociedad; cuarto, se propone repolitizar el VIH-sida, a fin de brindar insumos que permitan construir un orden social diferente para las personas que viven con dicha realidad. (shrink)

Typically, existentialist analyses of “America” have been limited to North America (more specifically, the United States). I argue that developing an adequate framework for existentially analyzing America requires a turn to Mexican existentialism. In Emilio Uranga’s and Jorge Portilla’s writings, we discover new conceptual tools for understanding Americanness as such. These thinkers help us imagine an account of American being that does not restrict itself to the United States by using the concepts of existentialism to describe the crises their neighbors (...) to the north as well as they themselves face. American existence has been historically characterized by a convergence (oftentimes clash) of disparate races, ethnicities, languages, cultures, religions, and identities. As history unfolded, this convergence led to various existential crises across the Americas. Whereas the US American way of life is marred by a blustering, naïve, and purposeless misuse of freedom that disregards the other, the existential crisis the Mexican lives is characterized by “accidentality” and “zozobra.” Despite these important differences, all existentialists, and the Mexican existentialists of the Hyperion Group especially, remind us that there is a common way to overcome the various existential crises plaguing the Americas, and that is to exercise freedom in a purposeful, communally conscious manner. (shrink)

Beall has given more or less convincing arguments to the effect that neither classical logic, nor K3, nor LP, nor S3 can play the role he expects from logic: to be the basement theory for all true theories, including true theology. However, he has not considered all the pertinent competitors, and he has not given any reassurance that he has not gone too low in the hierarchy of logics to find his desired “universal closure of all true theories”. In this (...) paper, I put forward those additional arguments to show the superiority of FDE with respect to logics that include a detachable conditional but that are very much like FDE otherwise. I also discuss the problem that theological consequence might not contrapose even if theological consequence is supposed to extend FDE consequence and the latter does contrapose. (shrink)

Study of several works on geography written in verse and published in the XIX and XX centuries. devoted to teaching of this science. The versed draft helped to transinit and meinorize the arid geographical knowledge referred to physiographic names. populations, etc. It is studied the "Geografía Política de España y Portugal" at 1818, which frequently was supported by Greek and Roman mythologies; the two works of the Cuban physician. Michael Gordillo,"Compendio de Geografía de España escrito en verso" (1878) and "Compendio (...) de Geografía Física de Cuba en verso" (1879) edited several times, where, for each region or city, its cultivation and products were added.: and the "Prontuario Poético de Geografía de Cuba" (1936) by the Cubaii Antonio Pérez López, which includes a wide vocabulary, with similar metaphors moral teaching and philosophical reflection. (shrink)

De manera poco académica, comienzo mi última lección en este acto con que me honra la Facultad, haciéndome eco de una acusación frecuente: algunos de las nuevas promociones de presbíteros –dicen presbíteros baqueteados por la vida– tienden a una comprensión y práctica de la liturgia en clave preferentemente ceremonial, desentendiéndose de la pastoral social; de ser esto cierto, sería una vuelta atrás, tan atrás que ya fue rechazada en su día por el Papa Pío XII en la única encíclica enteramente (...) litúrgica conocida hasta hoy, la Mediator Dei, fechada el 20 de noviembre de 1947. (shrink)

En el texto «¿Por qué la guerra?» de 1933, Einstein y Freud abordan la posibilidad de educar al hombre contra la barbarie. En él se define el proceso de civilización como un predominio progresivo de la razón que tiende a la eliminación de la crueldad de la esfera social mediante la educación de los instintos primarios. Pero la intrínseca ambigüedad de la violencia (constructora y destructora) en Freud permitiría comprender la guerra civilizada como una forma histórica de crueldad estéticamente tolerable, (...) al estar su violencia ligada a «un cierto grado de hipocresía» del Kulturmenschen necesario para mantener el orden de la civilización. En diálogo con las ideas de Adorno, Elias y Bauman, este artículo examina críticamente las contradicciones dialécticas en torno a la crueldad en el mundo moderno. En él se concluye que el ocultamiento y la negación de la violencia cruel son mecanismos necesarios para mantener la ilusión de una superioridad ética de la civilización sobre la barbarie. (shrink)

Résumé Ce texte a pour objet de montrer que le moment de la « refiguration » dans Temps et récit est indissociable d’un souci éthique. La fonction narrative a des implications éthiques car le récit – et particulièrement le récit d’une (ou des) vie(s) – constitue un point de passage : il pose la question de la communicabilité ou de l’échange des expériences. D’où la difficulté que Ricœur a lui-même affrontée : qu’en est-il des vies qui ne trouvent pas de (...) narrateur? (shrink)

This volume is a serious attempt to open up the subject of European philosophy of science to real thought, and provide the structural basis for the ...

This book analyzes the role of language in scientific research and develops the semantics of science from different angles. The philosophical investigation of the volume is divided into four parts, which covers both basic science and applied science: I) The Problem of Reference and Potentialities of the Language in Science; II) Language and Change in Scientific Research: Evolution and Historicity; III) Scientific Language in the Context of Truth and Fiction; and IV) Language in Mathematics and in Empirical Sciences. Language plays (...) a key role in science: our access to the theoretical, practical or evaluative dimensions of scientific activity begins with the mastery of language, continues with a deepening in the use of language and reaches the level of contribution when it creates new terms or changes them in sense and reference. This reveals the compatibility between objectivity in semantic contents and historicity in the progress of science. This volume is a valuable enrichment to students, academics and other professionals interested in science in all its forms, who seek to deepen the role that language plays in its structure and dynamics. (shrink)

New Methodological Perspectives on Observation and Experimentation in Science deals with a classic topic that is seen from new angles.

This book brings together a number of contributions dealing with certain fundamental structures of practical rationality, as they are presented in the areas of the philosophy of action and normative ethics, namely: intentionality, normativity, and reflexivity. With the term “intentionality,” is meant a set of problems that are linked not only with the teleological structure of praxis-oriented rationality, but also with its temporal structure. “Normativity”, in turn, refers to a distinct set of problems, which cannot simply be reduced to those (...) entailed in the intentional nature of human action, even if this notion incorporates a reference to the good or value in its very structure. Finally, with the term “reflexivity” we point at the linkage between the normative dimension of reason with both the contingent circumstances of action and the moral receptivity of the agent, as it is experienced in moral judgment. (shrink)

En contra de la tradición universalista kantiana, mostraré que no toda mentira es inmoral. Con ello intento demostrar que la evaluación moral de la mentira no puede hacerse exclusivamente con criterios necesarios y universales, sino que se debe apelar a criterios contingentes que dependen de la situación particular en la que se encuentra el agente.

Este artículo analiza ciertas interpretaciones del célebre comentario de Wittgenstein a Drury, sin duda relevantes para comprender el sentido de la filosofía del pensador vienés en su último periodo, según el cual él mismo, sin ser una persona religiosa, no podía evitar contemplar todas las cuestiones desde una perspectiva religiosa. Los pasos para identificar la razón por la que se puede afirmar que la inmunización de la forma de vida religiosa constituye el sentido último de la filosofía concebida como análisis (...) de los juegos de lenguaje serán, en primer lugar, poner en relación el valor supremo de la claridad con la crítica de la actitud explicativa característica de la filosofía convencional y, en segundo término, considerar el análisis del discurso religioso y la peculiar religiosidad del propio Wittgenstein. This paper explores some of the issues related to Wittgenstein's famous comment to Drury -that he himself, while not a religious person, could not avoid contemplating all questions from a religious perspective- that might contribute to an understanding of the final meaning of the philosophical practice distinctive of Wittgenstein's last period. This paper aims at showing that final meaning is the immunization of the religious form of the life. In order to reach this conclusion we will first recall the importance of clarity as an absolute goal of Wittgenstein's philosophy, and see how it is connected to a specific attitude toward the explanatory claims of conventional philosophy. Then we will summarize the essence of Wittgenstein's philosophical analysis of religious discourse and review some crucial texts that highlight the peculiar religiosity unique to Wittgenstein. (shrink)

Within the current economic situation, poverty indexes in developed countries are becoming more and more alarming. This makes the role of food banks very relevant, and in addition contributes towards reducing the problem of food waste. Motivated by the social importance of these non-profit organizations, this paper analyzes the impact of food banks on the supply chains to which they belong. Differences in the functioning of these supply chains are highlighted attending to the relations induced by the food banks. First, (...) the international research background for this topic is summarized; then, the results of an empirical study in Spain are presented. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed using cluster methodology. Two different types of food bank were identified. These are described, characterized, and compared in terms of efficacy and efficiency. (shrink)

Statements’ rated truth increases when people encounter them repeatedly. Processing fluency is a central variable to explain this truth effect. However, people experience processing fluency positively, and these positive experiences might cause the truth effect. Three studies investigated positivity and fluency influences on the truth effect. Study 1 found correlations between elicited positive feelings and rated truth. Study 2 replicated the repetition-based truth effect, but positivity did not influence the effect. Study 3 conveyed positive and negative correlations between positivity and (...) truth in a learning phase. We again replicated the truth effect, but positivity only influenced judgments for easy statements in the learning phase. Thus, across three studies, we found positivity effects on rated truth, but not on the repetition-based truth effect: We conclude that positivity does not explain the standard truth effect, but the role of positive experiences for truth judgments deserves further investigation. (shrink)

Through the contributions of specialists in the field, this volume addresses the still open question of the role and status of myth in Plato’s dialogues and thereby speaks to the broader problem of the relation between philosophy and ...

The amount of information that is produced on a daily basis in the financial markets is vast and complex; consequently, the development of systems that simplify decision-making is an essential endeavor. In this article, several intelligent systems are proposed and tested to predict the closing price of the IBEX 35 index using more than ten years of historical data and five distinct architectures for neural networks. A multi-layer perceptron was the first step, followed by a simple recurrent neural network, a (...) gated recurrent unit network and two long-short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The results of the analyses performed on these models have demonstrated a powerful capacity for prediction. Additionally, the findings of this research point to the fact that the application of intelligent systems can simplify the decision-making process in financial markets, which is a substantial advantage. Furthermore, by comparing the predicted outcome errors between the models, the LSTM presents the lowest error with a higher computational time in the training phase. The LSTM was able to accurately forecast the closing price of the day as well as the price for the following one and two days in advance. In conclusion, the empirical results demonstrated that these models could accurately predict financial data for trading purposes and that the application of intelligent systems, such as the LSTM network, represents a promising advancement in financial technology. (shrink)

En los últimos años y por diversos motivos los filósofos han exhibido un creciente interés por la reflexión metafilosófica (una amplia bibliografía así lo manifiesta). Una de las cuestiones metafilosóficas que ha suscitado especial dedicación y ha atraído la atención de filósofos de distintas filiaciones es la cuestión acerca del canon filosófico. ¿En qué consiste? ¿Cómo debe ser concebido? ¿Cómo se constituye? ¿Cómo funciona? ¿Dónde está? ¿Qué relación guarda con la historia de la filosofía y con la historia de las (...) ideas en general? ¿Cuáles son sus vínculos con la institucionalización y profesionalización de la filosofía y con la comunidad filosófica? son algunas de las preguntas planteadas.En nuestro medio y en general en la comunidad filosófica hispano parlante, la aparición de la obra póstuma de Eduardo Rabossi En el comienzo Dios creó el canon. Biblia berolinensis en la que su autor aborda con originalidad y agudeza esta temática, ha resultado ser un estimulante disparador para el examen y discusión de la cuestión que nos ocupa. Rabossi declaró que se daba por satisfecho si lograba incentivar la polémica. Creemos que lo ha logrado ampliamente. Este número de Análisis Filosófico es una prueba de ello; en él recogemos parte de la reflexión que ha provocado el desafío lanzado por Rabossi. (shrink)

La doctrina de Polo sobre la muerte afirma que se debe al límite mental. El objetivo de este trabajo es aclarar esa afirmación exponiendo la noción de cuerpo propio como un hecho enigmático, que late bajo el límite mental; y que por ello mismo puede faltar: su falta es la muerte. La libertad personal no informa suficientemente el cuerpo, sino que lo da por hecho; y como el propio cuerpo escapa así de su completo dominio, le puede ser expropiado a (...) la persona. La falta del propio cuerpo es la muerte; y sin su propio cuerpo, la persona humana sale del mundo y deja la historia. (shrink)

En este artículo se examinan las referencias a Escoto de la obra poliana, y se discute en especial el voluntarismo escotísta que reduce el horizonte humano a su actividad esencial.

Se examina alcance y el rendimiento del concepto de voluntad de poderen el terreno de la filosofía moral y política, poniendo de manifiesto elbiologismo que sostiene toda la concepción de Nietzsche. Este biologismo,aunque se muestra crítico con Darwin, se enmarca no obstante en la líneaargumental del llamado “darwinismo social”, que lleva al plano moral,político y cultural el principio de jerarquía que cree encontrar en el ámbitode la vida. En este mismo sentido, se hace ver cómo el llamado “métodogenealógico” es un (...) instrumento crítico con el que Nietzsche, en contra detoda la tradición humanista, reniega de la autonomía de la cultura y de lascreaciones del espíritu en relación con el plano de la vida orgánica. (shrink)