Reflections on the paradigm shift in philosophizing in Ukraine at the end of the 80s, based on the authors' personal memories of participation in the Alushta Schools of Young Philosophers.

Автор розглядає процес роздроблення поміщицьких маєтків у Галичині в 1867-1914 рр., спроби польських політичних партій та економічних організацій обмежити доступ українських селян до купівлі земель збанкрутілої шляхти, переселення польських колоністів на українські етнічні землі та вплив польської колонізації Східної Галичини на польсько-українські відносини.

An ontological approach as a tool for managing the processes of constructing mathematical models based on interval data and further use of these models for solving applied problems is proposed in this article. Mathematical models built using interval data analysis are quite effective in many applications, as they have “guaranteed” predictive properties, which are determined by the accuracy of experimental data. However, the application of mathematical modeling methods is complicated by the lack of software tools for the implementation of procedures (...) for constructing this type of mathematical models, creating an ontological model that operates by the categories of the subject area of mathematical modeling, regardless of the modeling object proposed in this article. This approach has made it possible to generate tools for mathematical modeling of various objects based on the interval data analysis for any software development environment selected by the user. The technology of creating the software on the basis of the developed ontological superstructure for mathematical modeling using the interval data for different objects, as well as various forms of user interface implementation, is presented in this article. A number of schemes, which illustrate the technology of using the ontological approach of mathematical modeling based on interval data, are presented, and the features of its interpretation when solving environmental monitoring problems are described. (shrink)

The aim of the study is to analyze viruses using parameters obtained from distributions of nucleotide sequences in the viral RNA. Seeking for the input data homogeneity, we analyze single-stranded RNA viruses only. Two approaches are used to obtain the nucleotide sequences; In the first one, chunks of equal length are considered. In the second approach, the whole RNA genome is divided into parts by adenine or the most frequent nucleotide as a “space”. Rank–frequency distributions are studied in both cases. (...) The defined nucleotide sequences are signs comparable to a certain extent to syllables or words as seen from the nature of their rank–frequency distributions. Within the first approach, the Pólya and the negative hypergeometric distribution yield the best fit. For the distributions obtained within the second approach, we have calculated a set of parameters, including entropy, mean sequence length, and its dispersion. The calculated parameters became the basis for the classification of viruses. We observed that proximity of viruses on planes spanned on various pairs of parameters corresponds to related species. In certain cases, such a proximity is observed for unrelated species as well calling thus for the expansion of the set of parameters used in the classification. We also observed that the fifth most frequent nucleotide sequences obtained within the second approach are of different nature in case of human coronaviruses. We expect that our findings will be useful as a supplementary tool in the classification of diseases caused by RNA viruses with respect to severity and contagiousness. (shrink)

Problems of state-church relations in modern Ukraine were and remain in the center of the increased attention of both academics and state authorities, public and religious organizations. They have a high level of social updating. Their conception in practical, as well as in the theoretical sense, is, in our opinion, important and necessary. This is determined by the transformational processes that took place and / or happening in Ukraine, the quantitative and qualitative changes in the religious environment, the growing role (...) of the religious factor, and in this regard - and the need for serious corrections of the system of state-confessional relations, legal principles of ensuring freedom of religion, freedom of activity of religious organizations. (shrink)

The need to study the documents of the Second Vatican Council on the preservation of the environment is conditioned by concrete changes in modern society, manifested in the escalation of conflicts in relations between man and nature, the transition to the post-industrial stage of development of society, globalization. Along with the positive effects and benefits of civilization, there are also dangers, including environmental ones. In modern Ukraine, the processes associated with the transition to a market economy, the adoption of the (...) values ​​of Western society, which require transformation in all spheres of social life. These changes should be based on the existing spiritual and intellectual traditions of society and provide for the resolution of environmental problems as a priority task for the further development of society. (shrink)

The article analyzes the translations and interpretations of the philosophical course Stephan Kalynovskyi taught at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 1729–1731. Drawing on unpublished translations, editorial corrections, letters, etc., the author reconstructs the history of this course’s translation for the first time, which began in the late 1960s. The author analyzes whether the researchers transcribed and translated the handwritten Latin text correctly and to what extent their interpretations of the course’s philosophical ideas are valid. The article demonstrates that researchers neither had (...) the proper knowledge of the scholastic philosophical tradition and, in some cases, its specific type of Latin nor created the necessary critical apparatus. It resulted in many flaws in their works. Ukrainian philosophers grossly misinterpreted Kalynovskyi’s course because they found the Enlightenment, Cartesian, and local Ukrainian ideas in the text, written in Paris in the 1630s. The author also demonstrates that contemporary studies of Kalynovskyi’s course mostly repeat dubious Soviet ideas, while several dishonest scholars even practice plagiarism. (shrink)

Berkeley doesn't use the Time-Gap Argument, as Leibniz does, to prove either that we immediately see only ideas or that we see physical objects mediately. It may be doubted whether he was even aware of the time-gap problem that gives rise to the argument. But certain passages in the Three Dialogues and elsewhere suggest that Berkeley would have had cogent answers to anyone who claimed that this argument, construed as being in aid of the conclusion that we only perceive ideas, (...) is unsound. Discussing points made by Bertil Belfrage, Len Carrier, John Foster, A. C. Grayling, Howard Robinson, A. D. Smith, Tom Stoneham, and Colin Turbayne, I try to show that the Time-Gap Argument can be expanded into a strong argument for Berkeleian Idealism. I also idnicate how the latter provides a solution to J. J. Valberg's "puzzle of experience" and disarms James Cornman's argument in Perception, Common Sense, and Science that Berkeley, too, faces a time-gap problem. (shrink)

У статті подається компаративний аналіз феноменів історії та історичної пам’яті; аналізується проблема меж компетентності історичного методу як загальнонаукового. Наводиться ретроспекція явища скепсису щодо об’єктивності та обґрунтованості висновків історичної науки. Робиться висновок, що історична пам’ять є феноменом, корені якого сягають глибин антропогенезу, у зв’язку з чим заторкується вчення К.Юнга про архетипи. Досліджуються архетипічні витоки людської пам’яті, роль історичної пам’яті у формуванні національної ідентичності, модифікації та різновиди сприйняття «історичного минулого». Коментується явище політизації історичної пам’яті під впливом ідеологічної кон'юнктури. Проблема надзвичайно актуалізується тому, (...) що нині політична кон'юнктура та система цінностей соціуму багато в чому детермінують специфіку бачення, розуміння й тлумачення подій минулого. Особлива увага приділяється терміну «національна історична пам’ять». Аргументується положення про некоректність радикального поділу націй на «політичні» та «етнічні». Розглядаються сучасні інтерпретації феноменів етноцентризму та презентизму в історичному контексті. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to develop the existing methodological approaches to assessing the military and economic capabilities of the country in conditions of war and peace. To achieve the purpose of the study, its decomposition was carried out and the following were investigated: existing approaches to assessing the military and economic potential of the country, the country's power and national power; the concept of critical load of the national economy is revealed; the generally accepted norms on financing of (...) defense needs are resulted; the experience of financing the needs of defense by the leading countries of the world - in the conditions of the Second World War is given; a methodical approach to assessing the military and economic capabilities of the country is proposed. The article proposes a methodical approach to assessing the military and economic capabilities of the country. According to the results of the research, the existing theory of military economy has been improved in the context of understanding the allowable burden on the country's economy in conditions of war and the development of methodological approaches to assessing the country's military and economic capabilities. The proposed methodological approach is the development of existing military-economic thought and capability-based military-economic planning. The proposed methodological approach allows to assess the ability of the national economy to meet military and economic needs in wartime by industry and type of military support, taking into account the critical load of the national economy, which will help simplify and improve the process of military policy decisions. The practical value of the study is that the proposed method of assessing the military and economic capabilities of the country allows to identify critical sectors of the economy, assess their ability to provide resources for military needs in wartime, based on which to form and make appropriate management decisions. The results of the study can be used in further studies of the development of military and economic potential of the country, balancing military and civilian economic needs in war, as well as military-economic planning based on capabilities. A limitation of the study is the use of publicly available sources. Future research is seen in the further development of methodological approaches to assessing and developing the military and economic potential of the country. (shrink)

Understanding and explanation are usually considered in the context of continental philosophy in Ukraine, based on Wilhelm Dilthey’s distinction between understanding and explanation as the opposite methods for humanities and natural science respectively as well as relying heavily on hermeneutical philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer when it comes to understanding. However, this is not an exclusive feature of continental philosophy, and this article aims to show that the terms are actively used in English-speaking philosophy. This is done by (...) focusing on philosophy of history and philosophy of science which are the areas that actively use such terms. Considering the number of works within these areas helps to outline the general situation in the English-speaking philosophy and demonstrates that the opposition of explanation and understanding is quite artificial now. The first part of the article regards the two-sidedness of the English-speaking philosophy of history, which means that history seeks to be both science and art. The second part of the article analyses understanding and explanation as they are used in philosophy of science. Particularly, it has been shown that such a classic of analytical philosophy as Georg von Wright considered understanding of the humanities to be a continuation of a teleological explanation as well as explanation within natural science to be a different type of explanation: a causal one. It is also shown that a contemporary researcher Kareem Khalifa introduces an important term ‘explanatory understanding’ which appears in the case of a correct scientific explanation within natural science. Based on the materials involved, the author of the article demonstrates that both areas of contemporary English-language philosophy view explanation and understanding not as antipodes but as co-dependent notions.Manuscript received 10.08.2020. (shrink)

У статті обґрунтовано характерні особливості сучасних умов господарювання, урахування й моніторинг яких у процесі управління ефективністю діяльністю сприяє підвищенню рівня рентабельності функціонування в поточному й перспективному періодах. Серед характерних особливостей виділено урахування зовнішніх умов господарювання, узгодження вектора й цілей розвитку із рівнем ефективності. Наведено логіку дослідження ефективності діяльності підприємства, що розвивається в сучасних умовах господарювання.

This paper analyses O. O. Shakhmatov’s treatise “The Korsunian Legendaboutthe Volodymyr’s Baptism”. O. O. Shakhmatov proves that the legend about thebaptismof Prince Volodymyr in Korsun (Chersonese), preserved in chronicle and consecratedbytradition, does not correspond to reality, since it does not withstand textual criticism.According to the Shakhmatov’s hypothesis, the chronicler had to coordinateandfusethree independent sources into a single outline, removing too obvious contradictions.Thus, a) according to the first source, Prince Volodymyr was baptized in Kyiv, beingconvinced by a Greek missionary who criticized (...) the faith of Western Christians, Muslimsand Jews and substantiated the exclusivity of Eastern rite Christianity; b) accordingtothe second source, Prince Volodymyr was baptized in Kyiv after he sent his delegatestodifferent countries to “test the faith” and the delegates, amazed by the splendor oftheGreek worship, gave preference to Eastern rite Christianity; c) finally, according tothethirdsource, Prince Volodymyr took the city of Korsun (Chersonese) and, threateningtotakeConstantinople, forced emperor to spouse his sister Anna to himin exchange for baptism.However, when Anna arrived in Korsun, Volodymyr refused to be baptized andsuddenlybecame blind. Nevertheless, eventually he was baptized and miraculously restoredhissight. The existing chronicle is a compilation of the three sources. The followingchaptersof O. O. Shakmatov’s work are dedicated to finding the sources of these three legendsandreconstructing their original form. This article thoroughly analyses O. O. Shakhmatov’streatise, reviews the works of the researchers mentioned by O. O. Shakhmatov, andexamines the primary sources used by him in his treatise. (shrink)

The article analyzes the features of poetic reflection in the work of A. Krymsky in the relation "man-nature". Coverage of this problem in the conditions of postmodern philosophical discourse requires appropriate embeddedness in the national and cultural experience. Moreover, the poetry of A. Krymsky manifests the deep experiences of the Ukrainian man's ties with the natural world, which includes the actualization of the inner nature of man. The author seeks to "write out" the laws of the "moral constitution" according to (...) which a person is worthy of his purpose of being in nature "has the right" to love according to the vocation of his convictions, his needs and inclinations. On the one hand, the author seems to call us to abide by these "laws", but, on the other hand, his thoughts divert from such categoricalness into the space of "identity" and confessional repentance. As follows from the above, the dignity of a person consists in the awakening and strengthening of an independent, responsible, formed on the path of enriching the inner life of a spiritual personality and the search for a free egress. And in this, in fact, the highest value of the relevance of postmodern self-communication in the interpretation of the poetic work of A. Krymsky is developed. (shrink)

Description of the project implementation “Manuscript Heritage of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy: Monuments of the Educational Process of the 17th–18th Centuries”.

The concept of mentality in the context of today's post-pandemic society, its role in the development of historical and socio-postmodern scientific thought are analyzed. Its correlation with other categories has been determined, revealing phenomena that are close in meaning. Revealed the significance of the category of mentality for the study of the development of society.Mentality as a system is a categorical characteristic of a nation, and hence of a society, the core of which is a given nation. The study of (...) mentality allows us to understand the internal relationships in society identify the internal reasons for the development of society and do praxeological research. The analysis of mentality within the framework of social philosophy cannot be limited to a certain time period, this category characterizes the nation and society at the present stage, accumulating in itself all the historical influences and changes projected at the present.The article examines the phenomenon of mentality as a system of internal deep-psychological socio-cultural attitudes of the individual. The article considers and substantiates a mental approach to understanding the phenomena of socially individual life. The philosophical and educational aspects of the formation of personality mentality and the main "problematic sides" of modern education through the prism of the mental approach are actualized. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to consider individual symptoms and areas of alienation in the history of mankind and in the modern information society, and the disclosure of its logic and patterns. Methodologically, the study is based on the historical, information and cybernetic approaches. The paper points to a positive feedback between the amount of knowledge in alienated form and figures of society, the development of its comprehensive intelligence. New forms of exclusion, which exist in the form of artificial (...) intelligence, robotics, and global computer networks, are analysed. The findings suggest a communicative model of the interaction of mankind with man-made external memory, which describes a non-linear process of communicating to it all human knowledge and intellectual abilities. It is emphasized that the contradiction between man and the material world created by him is the main contradiction of modernity. (shrink)

A sharp distinction between the notions of explanation and understanding is more than relevant for contemporary philosophy. However, it is difficult to understand the current state and prospects of this terminological distinction without considering its origins. The author finds such origins in the field of philosophy and methodology of science of the nineteenth century. One cannot grasp the meaning of explanation and understanding in philosophy without considering the ordinary meanings since both notions are also actively used in the ordinary language. (...) Hence, this paper has a twofold aim. Firstly, it investigates the meaning of explanation and understanding in everyday use. Secondly, it considers the origin of the distinction between the notions in philosophy. It is proven that the origin of the explanation in philosophy can be seen in Auguste Comte’s philosophy of science, namely in the first volume of The Course in Positive Philosophy published in 1830. There Comte introduces the notion of explanation in the context of the law of three stages, as well as the notion of positive explanation which makes positive knowledge or science different from the previous stages of knowledge. As for the origin of understanding in philosophy, it is found in Droysen’s philosophy of history, namely in The Outline of the Principles of History, where Droysen makes a distinction between understanding, which is used in history, and explanation that was discussed by Comte. Consequently, explanation and understanding, after being introduced to philosophy by Comte and Droysen, become the central notions of Dilthey’s well-known methodological distinction between natural sciences and humanities. Manuscript received 16.02.2020. (shrink)

Пояснення і розуміння традиційно вважають методами, які властиві різним галузям наукового пізнання – природознавству та гуманітаристиці відповідно. Натомість у межах цієї статті обидва – пояснення і розуміння – розглянуто як методи гуманітарного пізнання. А саме, звернуто увагу на функціонування пояснення і розуміння як в історії загалом, так і в рамках такого специфічного різновиду історичного пізнання, як біографія. Звернення до біографічного виміру допомагає унаочнити специфіку пояснення і розуміння та розширити уявлення щодо їх застосування в гуманітарних науках. У першій частині статті автор (...) аналізує функціонування пояснення і розуміння в історичному пізнанні загалом. Зокрема, розглянуто каузальне пояснення (пояснювальний нарис за Карлом Гемпелем) та раціональне пояснення (історія ідей за Марком Бевіром), а також розглянуто, як вони співвідносяться із герменевтичними уявленнями щодо розуміння. У другій частині статті висвітлено, як функціонує пояснення і розуміння в біографічних дослідженнях. Проаналізовано біографічне розуміння за Тільманом Габермасом та Неше Гатібоглу, а також випадки каузального та раціонального пояснення у біографічних розвідках. Зокрема показано, що каузальне пояснення не є самостійним поняттям, хоча його й наводять у біографії як пояснювальний нарис. Зауважено, що раціональне пояснення також використовують у біографічних реконструкціях із метою прояснення впливу конкретних подій на переконання особистостей. Аналізуючи залучені матеріали, автор статті демонструє своєрідність пояснення і розуміння в біографії порівняно з їх застосуванням в історичному пізнанні загалом. (shrink)

I present a fragment from thehistory of the Russian reception of HerbertSpencer''s sociology. The discussion concernstwo diametrically opposed but exceptionallyimportant figures in the history of Russianthought, Nikolai Mikhajlovskij (1842–1904) andKonstantin Leont''ev (1831–1891). As one of thechief ideologues of the Populist movementMikhajlovskij turned Spencer''s ideas into anegative frame of reference for his own`romantic socialist utopia''. In turn, Leont''evformulated his extremely conservative politicalviews on the basis of Spencer''s organicistsociology. Though at the opposite ends of thespectrum both standpoints succeeded inexhibiting the political implications (...) of thepositivist and naturalist style of thinking. (shrink)

T opicality of the study of eurocentrism essence is caused by progressive globalization, the assertion of the systemic integrity of the world that highlites fundamentally new accent on the nature of the interaction of individual civilizations, leads to the unification of the civilizational process, its subordination to common principles and values. In philosophical and sociopolitical thought, the question of further orientations and development priorities of countries and peoples has recently become particularly acute. Analysis of the literature. We used the works (...) of the authors, who began the study of this problem: Z. Bauman, Zb. Brzezinski, U. Beck, I. Wallerstein, V. Inozemtseva, S. Kara-Murza, M. Castells, Claude Levi-Strauss, I. Osinsky, A. Panarina, A. Toynbe, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntingtonа, O. Spenglera and others, as well as the work of native scientists: Y. Afonina, V. Voronkova, A. Galchinsky, O. Gnatyuk, V. Gorbulina, L. Gubersky, O. Pakhlevskoy, Y. Pakhomova, S. Pirozhkova, M. Popovich, G. Shchekina. Purpose of the article – philosophical understanding of Eurocentrism as an ideological phenomenon and socio-political practice. The objective of the study is an analysis of the essence of the phenomenon of Eurocentrism, a description of its basic principles, a place in the life of Europe and in the world as a whole, the study of the peculiarities of the Ukrainian choice in modern conditions. The methodology of the study relies on an interdisciplinary approach, the principles of historicism and global evolutionism, the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, synergy to solve the complex problems of the dichotomy "we / they", "West-East" and their influence on the formation of a new world order. The results of the study: the article deals with the historiosophical basis of Eurocentrism, European universalism and European civilization. It reveals the methodological vulnerability and limited Western-centric interpretation and periodization of the historical process, reducing the diversity of past and future specific historical forms of its implementation to one of the possible. The idea of polycentricity, the existence of other models of social development is well grounded. In the context of new global trends of world development, each civilization is self-sufficient, distinctive in its originality and historical experience, and should develop through the self-knowledge of thenations inhabiting it and thereby fulfill its mission on the Earth. The conclusions of the study – progressive globalization and the formation of the systemic integrity of the world heighlight fundamentally new accents when it comes to the "unity of civilization", the interaction and interaction of different communities and cultures. The unity and integrity of human existence presupposes its diversity, the preservation of cultural identity and features of lifestyles, the mentality of nations and ethnic groups but not the subordination to a single model of civilizational being. (shrink)

У статті досліджуються складники світогляду нової техно-інформаційної цивілізації. Розширено зміст розуміння зла в умовах інформаційної цивілізації, нове розуміння його сутності. Описано особливості життєдіяльності індивіда, існування зла і добра, висвітлено роль суспільства споживання інформації в суспільному розвитку. Здійснено аналіз визначення меж зла та їх актуалізації. Дано тлумачення категорії зла у філософії постмодерну. Актуальність дослідження зла зумовлена новими реаліями інформаційної цивілізації. Звернення філософів до категорії зла, спричинене кризою культури та духовності, постає як заперечення повноти буття, утвердженням хаосу, множинності та егоїзму. Визначено концепції, (...) у яких описано поступ цивілізації як процес деградації культури, як поступову деградацію добра. Показано об’єктивність добра, його божественну сутність. Розглянуто питання, що стосуються природи зла, сутності та змісту негативних моральних цінностей. (shrink)

The article analyses the explication of the infinity in the philosophical courses taught at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy at the 17th and 18th centuries. It examines 12 philosophical courses – since 1645 (the course by Inokentii Gizel) until 1751 (the course by Georgii Konyskyi). It shows how the infinity was defined and in which kinds it was divided in different courses. In general, all the professors, as well as other scholastic philosophers, agree that categorematic infinity exists only in God, but syncategorematic is (...) present in the created world. Regarding the question whether God, being omnipotent, can create a categorematic infinity in the world, the Mogilyans are divided into several camps: (1) Inokentii Gizel, Stefan Yavorskyi, Inokentii Popovskyi, Sylvestr Pinovskyi, Platon Malynovskyi gave a positive answer to the question; (2) Yosyf Volchanskyi, Ilarion Levytskyi, Amvrosii Dubnevych, Sylvestr Kulabka believed that this kind of infinity is in principle impossible, hence God cannot create it; (3) Teofan Prokopovych and Georgii Konyskyi took a sceptical stand and consider that the human mind as such could not solve this problem. The article analyses which arguments were offered by each camp, and gives suggestions what influenced the position of certain Mohylian professors. Most probably, Mohylian philosophers who supported the possibility of actual infinity in the created world were influenced by nominalistically oriented Jesuit philosophers, like Pedro Hurtando de Mendoza and Rodrigo Arriaga. The other Mohylians backed a more traditional idea, supported by Thomas Aquinas, that only one actual infinity can exist and it is God. (shrink)

The essay is concentrated on emotional affects caused by representation of violence in the case of Russia’s war against Ukraine and beyond. Instant accessibility to first-hand visual information created fertile soil for planting and then multiplying manipulative strategies of one or another political interest. Meanwhile, the demand for shocking content continues to steadily rise because it guarantees popularity, spectacle and even a form of pleasure. This, in turn, supports a very propagandistic version of reality where violence plays a central role (...) in the overall design and transmission of contents, which is driven by shock as an affective medium. Blind Spot, Gradual Loss of Vision and Speck in the Eye represent a body of works by Mykola Ridnyi, address the question of what potential response(s) could be given by artistic interventions understood as a dialectical and critical framework able to face and make visible the problem of dehumanization through violence? (shrink)

Report on the first four meetings of the Seminarium Historico-Philosophicum (26.06 – 15.11.2023), organized with the support of the Sententiae community.

Ґустав Дройзен запропонував розуміння як метод історії. Макс Вебер аналізував роль такого виду каузального пояснення, як твердження умовного способу або контрфактичності. Обидва дослідники мали спільний інтерес до розуміння та пояснення. Утім, пояснення за Дройзеном визначалося як метод природознавства та не мало застосунку в історії, а розуміння Вебера було зосереджено на соціальній реальності, а не історичній. Однак саме ідею контрфактичностей Вебера, що здійснюють зміну (difference-making), було витлумачено як визначальну для історичних контрфактичностей. У статті визначено специфіку розуміння та контрфактичностей у цих двох (...) методологіях, розглянуто, наскільки їхні погляди сумісні та чи є суміщення розуміння та контрфактичностей корисним для історичного дослідження. Для досягнення цієї мети автор реконструює погляди Ґустава Дройзена щодо розуміння у першій частині статті. Розуміння тут є методом, що дає змогу сприймати віддалені у часі події як сучасні за посередництва історичного матеріалу та критики. У другій частині розглянуто традиції контрфактичностей аналітичних філософів (від Родеріка Чизголма та Нельсона Ґудмана до Джуліана Риса) та Макса Вебера. Контрфактичності є твердженнями умовного способу, що суперечать наявним історичним фактам, змінюють або прибирають причини певних подій, щоб у такий спосіб продемонструвати значущість цих причин для історичних подій мірою того, наскільки контрфактичні причини змінюють події. У третій частині автор доводить сумісність контрфактичностей і розуміння, демонструючи корисність сполучення методологій для історичного дослідження. Центральний аргумент щодо корисності цього сполучення полягає у такому: контрфактичності вказують на причини та головних діячів історичних подій; знання про діячів сприяє кращому розумінню їхніх особистостей; це розуміння допомагає відстежити ще більше контрфактичних можливостей, які можуть виявити нові причини, поглибивши наше бачення історії. (shrink)

У статті досліджено світові тенденції розвитку морських портів за останні роки. Визначено напрямки розвитку, які демонструють взаємодію морського транспорту і світової економіки. Виділено чинники макросередовища, які суттєво впливають на діяльність підприємств морської галузі України. По кожній групі висвітлена проблема та рекомендовані напрями дій. На думку авторів, утілення в життя запропонованих заходів сприятиме підвищенню конкурентоспроможності українських портів на світовому ринку за рахунок збільшення обсягів перевалки вантажів, залучення нових вантажопотоків, розширення асортименту робіт та послуг.

The article analyzes the aspects of problematic human resource management system improvement by identifying the peculiarities of human resource management practice in leisure organizations and establishing measures for human resource management system improvement. In order to achieve the set objective, the theoretical analysis and empirical quantitative research were carried out with the help of online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was sent to various leisure-service organizations operating in Kaunas city and Kaunas region. The study involved 66 leisure- service organizations. This study (...) revealed that leisure organizations pay less attention to the new employees and their adaptation process, but are more focused on the development and qualification of employees who have worked there for a longer period. The analysis of the data showed that employees often feel negative psychological environment in the workplace that may arise because of experienced routine, underestimation of work, lack of attention paid to the employee and others. The main conclusions - human resource management improvement in leisure organizations requires an integrated approach. Many factors such as working conditions, staff interrelation, etc., may cause negative emotions in employees, which in turn would increase dissatisfaction with the work done and could lead to worse results of the organization. Leisure organizations should pay more attention to new employees’ adaptation and competence development, as well as focus on personal initiative of the employees and their creativity promotion. (shrink)