A generic extension of the constructible universe by reals is defined, in which the union of ‐classes of x and y is a lightface set, but neither of these two ‐classes is separately ordinal‐definable.

Divided into five parts, the book provides general background information on Biruni's time, his world, and his life. It includes the full names of the 183 books written by Biruni. The titles of these books are given in Arabic, Persian, transliteration of the Arabic title, and English, and they are all annotated and if available the number of folios is given for each one. A list of available references in English on Biruni, including articles, bibliographies, books, internet sites, a dissertation, (...) and even a film. A list of Persian reference sources is also included. (shrink)

Background: Although human dignity is an unconditional value of every human being, it can be shattered by extrinsic factors. It is necessary to discover the authentic meaning of patients’ dignity preservation from different religious perspectives to provide professional cross-cultural care in a diverse setting. Research objective: This article identifies common experiences of Iranian Muslim and Armenian Christian patients regarding dignified care at the bedside. Research design: This is a qualitative study of participants’ experiences of dignified care elicited by individual in-depth (...) semi-structured interviews. Participants and research context: A purposeful sample of 10 participants (five Iranian Muslims and five Iranian Armenians) from various private and governmental hospital settings was chosen. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All the participants were provided with information about the purpose and the nature of the study, the voluntary condition of their participation in this study, and the anonymous reporting of recorded interviews. Findings: The common experiences of Christian and Muslim patients regarding dignity preservation emerged as “exigency of respecting human nobility” and “providing person-centered care.” Discussion and conclusion: It is essential to recognize the humanness and individuality of each patient to preserve and promote human dignity in diverse cross-cultural settings. The findings support and expand current understanding about the objective and subjective nature of dignity preservation in cross-cultural nursing. (shrink)

The study contributes to building an understanding of the impact of political forces on the information environment of listed firms in a developing economy. Specifically, it investigates the tensions between politico-institutional factors and accounting regulation on the prolonged and incomplete implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards in Bangladesh from 1998 to 2010. Two phases of interviews were conducted in 2010–2011 and IFRS-related enforcement documents from 1998 to 2010 were evaluated. The study contributes that IFRSs are being diffused to developing (...) countries like Bangladesh, but they invariably interact with local institutions, with variable outcomes. Coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphisms are low in Bangladesh. Notably, political forces have been undermining mimetic isomorphism because of the high level of government intervention and the high level of political lobbying. Political institutional pressures stand in the way of mimetic isomorphism and constitute negative forces that add further tension to accounting regulation in Bangladesh. Regarding the low level of normative isomorphism, there is evidence of a ‘blame culture’, with state institutions and professional accountancy institutions in the country blaming each other for the poor progress in IFRS implementation. Although the study focuses on Bangladesh, its results have implications for international policy makers, as well as the governments and regulators of other developing economies facing similar challenges in implementing IFRS. (shrink)

Some authors have proposed that Avicenna considers mathematical objects, i.e., geometric shapes and numbers, to be mental existents completely separated from matter. In this paper, I will show that this description, though not completely wrong, is misleading. Avicenna endorses, I will argue, some sort of literalism, potentialism, and finitism.

This study provides evidence regarding the level of ethical cognition of business students at the entry to college as compared to a national norm. It also provides comparative evidence on the effects of group versus individual ethical cognition upon completion of a business ethics course. The Principled Score (P-score) from the Defining Issues Test (DIT) was used to measure the ethical cognition of a total sample of 301 business students (273 entering students plus 28 students in a business ethics course). (...) The results indicate that (1) business students are not significantly different from the national norms at entry to college and (2) group reasoning helps male students improve their P-scores significantly in the business ethics course at a loss of P-score (albeit not statistically significant) for female students. (shrink)

Biographies of Imam Ghazali, Socrates, Plato and other philosophers.

Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 20 Heft: 1 Seiten: 160-176.

The term ‘Holy Spirit’ is referenced four times in the Quran, with three instances directly related to Jesus Christ, while the broader term ‘spirit’ or “the spirit” (al-Rūḥ) appears eighteen times, some of which pertain to Mary, the mother of Jesus. This study explores the concepts of the Spirit and Holy Spirit as they are presented in the Quran, as well as their interpretations in classical Islamic exegesis. The research begins by analyzing the Quranic verses where the “Holy Spirit” is (...) associated with Jesus Christ and his mother, providing a detailed examination of these occurrences and their contextual significance. Subsequently, the study delves into the instances of the “Holy Spirit” in other contexts, offering a comparative analysis of the term’s usage across different passages. Following the discussion on the “Holy Spirit,” the study shifts focus to the discussion of “the spirit” (al-Rūḥ) and “a spirit” (Rūḥ) in the Quran. Adopting the same methodological approach, it first addresses the verses connected to Jesus and Mary, before exploring the diverse contexts in which the spirit is mentioned. In each case, the relevant Quranic interpretations are discussed, drawing from key Quranic commentaries (tafsīr). The study relies on a combination of classical exegetical methods, incorporating both narration-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ma'thūr), such as the works of al-Ṭabarī and al-Baghawī, and reasoning-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ra'y), as exemplified by the works of Imām Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Additionally, it evaluates the authenticity and sources of the exegetes’ interpretations, scrutinizing their reliance on prophetic traditions (hadith), the explanations of the Prophet’s companions, and even biblical sources. By presenting and comparing a range of Quranic interpretations, this study aims to highlight the diversity of thought surrounding the concepts of the ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ within Islamic tradition. It provides a valuable resource for those seeking to understand how these notions are interpreted and debated within Islam and offers a platform for comparison with the corresponding concepts in Christianity and Judaism, thereby contributing to broader interfaith theological dialogues. (shrink)

In recent years, the amount of data in the world is growing rapidly. Data growth also occurs in the government sector. All ministries and institutions at every level are data producers. These government-owned data have a high potential if they can be used properly. Open government data can stimulate innovation and economic growth and enhance business models. In order to increase the willingness of citizens to use open government data and enjoy the benefits mentioned, the quality of open government data (...) needs to be improved. The quality of open government data encompasses a variety of dimensions and criteria. Also, the importance of each dimension and criterion in increasing the quality of open government data is different. Therefore, we are faced with a complex system that requires proper decision-making and management. In fact, we are dealing with decision-making in the complex management system. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study is to provide a new and comprehensive method to improve the quality of open government data and increase the willingness of citizens to use the data by considering the complex network of citizens and organizations. For this purpose, library studies have been used to extract comprehensive and effective dimensions and criteria. The statistical population includes all articles related to the criteria of improving the quality of open government data and increasing the willingness of citizens to use the data. The probabilistic sampling method of simple random samples has been used, and 10 articles in this field have been reviewed. After extracting the criteria as well as the data of 112 governmental organizations and institutions related to each criterion from the open data portal, the complex network of citizens and governmental organizations and institutions has been analyzed in order to identify high-degree centrality organizations. Then, the data characteristics of the organizations that were most desired by the citizens were extracted using data mining techniques including the regression model. Also, field method and multicriteria decision-making technique including the DEMATEL technique have been used to express the solutions and identify the cause-and-effect relationships between the solutions. The criteria extracted in improving the quality of open government data and increasing the willingness of citizens to use the data are included: “data originality,” “license openness,” “up-to-datedness,” “data access,” “metadata completeness,” “number of data sets,” “format openness,” “nondiscrimination,” “understandable,” “number of categories of data sets,” “free,” “lack of missing data,” “data request ability,” “visualization,” “feedback,” and “data subject matter.” Based on the results obtained from the analysis of the complex network and the regression model, the criterion of “society subject” with a coefficient of 72.564 and a positive sign has the greatest impact on increasing the number of citizens' visits to open government data. After that, the criterion of “format openness” with a coefficient of 52.682 and a positive sign has the second rank in increasing the number of visits. Extracting comprehensive and effective criteria in improving the quality of open government data and increasing citizens' willingness to use data, calculating the weight and importance of each criterion by analyzing the complex network of citizens and organizations, as well as providing solutions, can help managers in decision-making and proper management in the complex system of citizens and government organizations. (shrink)

Introduction: Due to the stressful nature of prehospital emergency providers’ duties, as well as difficulties such as distance to information resources and insufficient time to analyze situations, ethical decision-making in prehospital services is a daily challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the experiences of Iranian prehospital emergency personnel in the field of ethical decision-making. Methods: The data were collected by semi-structured interviews (n = 15) in Iran and analyzed using the content analysis approach. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted (...) in accordance with the principles of research ethics and national rules and regulations relating to informed consent and confidentiality. Results: The results obtained were categorized into three main categories that included “assessment of the scene atmosphere, assessment of patients’ condition and their family, and predicting outcomes of decision-making.” The central category was “field assessment,” which demonstrated the strategy of ethical decision-making by prehospital providers when facing ethical conflicts. Conclusion: Although findings showed that the majority of prehospital providers make ethical decisions based on the patients’ benefit, they also consider consequences of their decisions in dealing with personal and professional threats. This article identifies and describes a number of ethical values of prehospital providers and discusses how the values may be considered by paramedics when facing ethical conflicts. (shrink)

In this paper, we aim to discuss the fake journals and their advertisement and publication techniques. These types of journals mostly start and continue their activities by using the name of some indexed journals and establishing fake websites. The fake journals and publishers, while asking the authors for a significant amount of money for publishing their papers, have no peer-review process, publish the papers without any revision on the fake sites, and put the scientific reputation and prestige of the researchers (...) in jeopardy. In the rest of the paper, we present some viable techniques in order for researchers and students to identify these journals. (shrink)

This paper exploits the modified simple equation and dynamical system schemes to integrate the Klein–Gordon model amid quadratic nonlinearity arising in nonlinear optics, quantum theories, and solid state physics. By implementing the modified simple equation technique, we develop some disguise adaptation of analytical solutions in terms of hyperbolic, exponential, and trigonometric functions with some special parameters. We apply the dynamical system to bifurcate the model and draw distinct phase portraits on unlike parametric constraints. Following each orbit of all phase portraits, (...) we originate bounded and unbounded solitary, periodic, and periodic rogue-type wave solutions of the KG model. These two schemes extract widespread classes of solitary, periodic, and periodic rogue-type wave solutions for the KG model jointly due to restrictions on parameters. We also analyze the effect of parameters on the obtained wave solutions and discuss why and when it changes its nature. We illustrate some dynamical features of the acquired solutions via the 3D, 2D, and contour graphics. (shrink)

Millions of children who were born during the first decade after the Islamic revolution in Iran are now reaching the age of marriage and childbearing. Short spacing between marriage and the birth of the first child has the potential to cause an excessive and costly increase in the growth of population in Iran. Research into the motivations for the birth of first child among newly married couples can create a knowledge base that will enable health centres to help these couples (...) make better decisions about the timing of their first pregnancy. Using a consecutive sampling technique and administering Miller’s Childbearing Questionnaire, data were gathered regarding the childbearing motivations and desires of 300 couples who had been referred to the Shiraz Health Center for premarital counselling. The Childbearing Questionnaire, with some minor modifications, was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the childbearing motivations of newly married couples of Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran. The utility of these findings for counselling in health centres is discussed. Based on the results, a longitudinal study is being designed that will allow the development of models for predicting the time of first pregnancy after marriage. (shrink)

In this note I discuss some issues around the law of Identity of Indiscernibles and, above all, its difference with the so-called law of indiscernibilty of identicals. In this way I distinguish between the notions identity, sameness and equality, through a phenomenological discussion and using the key idea of intentionality. In order to formulate the Leibnizian law of Identity of Indiscernibles, and examine its validity, we need higher order logic. I will give semantic rules for a second-order logic with identity (...) in the framework of the dialogical logic, introduced by P. Lorenzen. Then I will demonstrate the validity of the law of Identity of Indiscernibles by means of the introduced logic. (shrink)

Bu çalışma, İslâm Eğitimi perspektifinden küresel vatandaşlık kavramıyla ilgili ilkeler ve uygulama alanlarını açıklığa kavuşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca Kur’ân ayetleri ve hadislerde küresel vatandaşlığa yönelik değerleri destekleyen normları ve öğrenim çıktılarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Burada küresel vatandaşlık kavramı, bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal hedef alanları çerçevesinde din eğitimi derslerindeki örnek uygulama ve uygun konularla birlikte ele alınmıştır. Kur’ân ayetleri ve hadisler doğrultusundaki İslâm inanç ve ahlak ilkeleri, insanların gerek kendi toplumları içinde ve gerekse diğer toplumlar ile olumlu ilişkiler kurmasını teşvik etmektedir. Bu teşvikler (...) hem yerel hem de evrensel özellikler taşımaktadır. Bu yönde karşılaşılan örnek olaylar aynı zamanda İslâm inancının ve ahlak değerlerinin evrenselliğini yaşanmış olaylarla da örtüşecek biçimde yansıtmaktadır. Bu ilkeler aynı zamanda İslâm'ın inanç, ahlak ve hukukla ilgili özel konularının bir bütünlük çerçevesinde ele alınmasını sağlamaktadır. Küresel vatandaşlık konuları öncelikle eğitim felsefesinin genel ve özel amaçları doğrultusunda müfredat çerçevesinde hedef kitleye evrensel bir değer olarak kazandırılmalıdır. Bu konu okullarda eğitsel ve kültürel faaliyetler ile de desteklenmelidir.Özet: Küresel vatandaşlık kavramı bütün dünyada giderek yaygınlık kazanan önemli kavramlar arasında yer almaktadır. İnsanların ortak kimliğinin yanı sıra özellikle göçmen ve mülteci hakları konusu eğitim alanında ön plana çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda ise uluslararası sorunların çoğalmasıyla birlikte bu konu güncelliğini arttırarak önemini sürdürmektedir. Günümüz toplumlarında karşılıklı hoşgörünün korunması için yapılan çeşitli boyutlardaki farklı çalışmalara ek olarak bu konunun örgün eğitim müfredatlarına dahil edilmesi de gündemdedir.Din eğitimi, küresel vatandaşlık konularını kapsayan başlıca dersler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle küresel vatandaşlık kavramının din eğitimi açısından temellendirilmesinin yanı sıra din eğitimi müfredatında bilişsel ve davranışsal eğitim metotlarını vurgulamak zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, İslâmi eğitim perspektifinden küresel yaşama dönük eğitimin genel bir tasarımını oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca dini kaynaklarda küresel vatandaşlığa yönelik değerleri destekleyen normları ve öğrenim çıktılarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.İslâm eğitimi, dini farklılıklara saygı duymayı desteklemektedir. Ancak bu, diğer dinlerin inançlarının onaylandığı anlamına gelmemektedir. Burada, inanç özgürlüğü kapsamına başka dinlerin öğrenilmesi girmemektedir. Bu nedenle, kişinin inancına vurgu ve diğer dinler hakkında takınılan tutum ile farklı din mensuplarına saygı arasında herhangi bir çelişki bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum, Müslümanlar arasındaki mezhep farklılıklarına yönelik takınılacak tutumun nasıl olması gerektiğini de gözler önüne sermektedir. İslâm dünyasında eğitim politikaları çerçevesinde, uluslararası bilgiye erişimi sağlayan ve aynı zamanda özel hayatın korunmasını, kültürel işbirliğini ve birlikte yaşama değerlerini gözeten standartlarda bir müfredat hazırlanabilir. Özellikle İslâm dünyasını, küreselleşmeyle birlikte çeşitli kültürel sorunlarla karşılaştığından dolayı küresel vatandaşlık konusunda bilgilendirilmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, yabancılaşmaya karşı öze dönüş, az gelişmişlik karşısında kalkınma ve adalet ile çatışmalar karşısında işbirliği bu yöndeki faaliyetlerin doğal sonuçları olarak okunmalıdır. Küresel vatandaşlık kavramı çeşitli araştırmalarda çok yönlü bir biçimde ele alınıp incelenmiş bir konudur. Bütün bu araştırmalardaki temel konular şöyle sıralanabilir: Dünya barışı, toplumlar arası işbirliği ve dayanışma, bireylerin ahlaki sorumlulukları, insan hakları ve hak ihlalleri, çok kültürlülük, çevre sorunları, evrensel düşünce ve bilginin dolaşımı. Bu makalede yukarıda adı geçen kavram ve konular İslâm kaynakları açısından değerlendirilip eğitim müfredatlarına ilişkin öneriler sunulacaktır. İslâm, küresel vatandaşlığın ilkelerini, barış, işbirliği, ahlaki sorumluluk, insan hakları, kültürel çoğulculuk, çevreyi koruma, düşünce ve bilginin evrenselliği konularını desteklemektedir. Tarihte İslâm medeniyetinin farklı coğrafyalarda sunmuş bulunduğu zengin tecrübe bu ilkelere dönük önemli bir ilham kaynağı olarak göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu ilkeler, eğitim müfredatlarına dahil edilip çok zengin öğrenim çıktıları kazandırılabilir.Kur’ân ayetleri ve hadisler doğrultusundaki İslâm inanç ve ahlak ilkeleri, insanların gerek kendi toplumları içinde ve gerekse diğer toplumlar ile olumlu ilişkiler kurmasını teşvik etmektedir. Bu teşvikler hem yerel hem de evrensel özellikler taşımaktadır. Bu yönde karşılaşılan örnek olaylar aynı zamanda İslâm inancının ve ahlak değerlerinin evrenselliğini yaşanmış olaylarla da örtüşecek biçimde çok iyi yansıtmaktadır. Toplumlar arasındaki bu evrensel değerlerin uygulamasında yerel farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu farklılıklar etnik, ideolojik ve siyasi sebeplerden kaynaklanabilmektedir. Buna rağmen İslâmi değerler Müslüman toplumların ortak noktaları belirlemeye devam etmektedir. Başka ülkelere çeşitli sebeplerle göç etmiş Müslümanlarda da aynı durum geçerliliğini korumaktadır. Eğitim, ulusal ve evrensel değerleri kazandırmada en etkili araç olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bu konuyla ilgili değerleri kazandırmada İslâm eğitimi derslerinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda vatandaşlık bilgisi, din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi derslerinin müfredatı da bu konuya katkı sağlamaktadır. Küreselleşme ve bilgi toplumu çağının şartları gereği, Müslüman toplumlar diğer toplumlarla olan ilişkilerinin sınırlarını belirlemeleri gerekmektedir. Yerellikten evrenselliğe geçişte karşılaşılan uyum zorlukları buna örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Coğrafi sınırların etkisinin giderek azalmasıyla birlikte artık vatandaşlık kavramı küresel hale gelmiş bulunmaktadır. İslâmın küresel vatandaşlığa bakış iki temel esasa dayanmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi ortaklık ilkesi olup o da İslâm kültürünün diğer kültürlerle ilişkilerini geliştirmeye teşvik etmektedir. İkinci ise çok yönlülük taşıyan bütünsellik ilkesidir. Bu ilke benzerlikler ve farklılıklar arasında bir denge kurulmasına hizmet etmektedir. Bu ilkeler aynı zamanda İslâmın inanç, ahlak ve hukukla ilgili özel konularının bir bütünlük çerçevesinde ele alınmasını sağlamaktadır. Küresel vatandaşlığın getirdiklerinin yerel değerleri olumsuz yönde etkilememesi için gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır. Bunun için eğitim politikaları açısından bu konuların İslâm eğitimi dersleri müfredatı içinde yer alması ön görülmektedir. Bu müfredat toplum içindeki farklılıkları bir zenginlik olarak görüp kuşakları aynı potada eritmeyi sağlamalıdır. Aynı zamanda toplumlar arasındaki ilişkileri olumlu yönde geliştirmelidir.Küresel vatandaşlık konuları öncelikle eğitim felsefesinin genel ve özel amaçları doğrultusunda müfredat çerçevesinde hedef kitleye evrensel bir değer olarak kazandırılmalıdır. Bu konu aynı zamanda eğitsel ve kültürel faaliyetleri ile de desteklenmelidir. Bu konuda başarı sağlanabilmesi için eğitim planlayıcıları ve uygulayıcıları ortak hareket etmelidirler. Bu makalede küresel vatandaşlık kavramı, bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal hedef alanları çerçevesinde İslâm eğitimi derslerinde uygulaması bulunan örnek uygulama ve uygun konularla birlikte ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak küresel vatandaşlık değerlerine katkısı beklenen derslerin içerik analizlerinin gözden geçirilmesi ve öğrenim çıktılarının etkin biçimde izlenmesi önerilmektedir. (shrink)

In some cases, Avicenna used the semantical premises in order to deduce some conclusions in his Physics. For instance, he analyzes five derivatives of the word “tabiat” and then in the light of these analyses, he concludes that the natural properties of an object are caused by its essence and are based on it. Here, the major problem is how to justify Avicenna's passage from semantical premises to physical consequents. This paper shows that through analyzing the relation between nature and (...) its derivatives, on one hand, and explicating Avicenna’s definition of the “nature” on the other hand, we can defend the rationality of such a passage. (shrink)

During the fifth to the seventh centuries after Hegira, the Shiites did not have significant political power in the Islamic World and had a minority population. Yet despite these limitations, the Shiites left behind numerous works a large part of which is destroyed by religious prejudices or negligence leaving the Islamic Civilization bereft of these scientific treasures. By introducing the historiographical works of the Imami Shiites, this study attempts to clarify their station in historiography and to demonstrate that Shia has (...) had valuable works in different historiographical fields in proportion with sociopolitical circumstances and thereby address the richness of Islamic culture and civilization and show that deprivations have had no influence on Shia’s creation of scientific works. Furthermore, Shiites’ attention to historiography in different fields including Rejaal (Note 1) and Taraajom (Note 2), Dala’el (Note 3), history and lives of the Innocent Ones (Ma’sumin) and historical-theological books and using Hadiths have been very important in compiling these works. (shrink)

Abstract.Scientific achievements, especially in contemporary biology, have led and continue to lead to uncertainties for some believers with regard to their understanding of the role of God as the creator. This essay, avoiding philosophical jargon, expounds the stance of Islamic philosophy on this matter and argues that such anxiety and doubt are unfounded. Drawing upon the thousand‐year‐old distinction between two types of cause, real and preparatory, as formulated by Muslim philosophers, the argument demonstrates that seeing biological advances as rivaling God's (...) creation, as traditionally understood in the Abrahamic religions, is a premature judgment based on a faulty conflation. This comes to light most clearly through Mulla Sadra's analysis of causality, the far‐reaching implications of which are briefly mentioned. (shrink)

Nearly four decades after a revolution, experiencing one of the longest wars in contemporary history, facing political and ideological threats by regional radicals such as ISIS and the Taliban, and having succeeded in negotiations with six world powers over her nuclear program, Iran appears as an experienced Muslim country seeking to build bridges with its Sunni neighbours as well as with the West. "Ethics of War and Peace in Iran and Shi'i Islam explores the wide spectrum of theoretical approaches and (...) practical attitudes concerning the justifications, causes and conduct of war in Iranian-Shi'i culture. By examining primary and secondary sources, and investigating longer lasting factors and questions over circumstantial ones, Mohammad Jafar Amir Mahallati seeks to understand modern Iranian responses to war and peace. His work is the first in its field to look into the ethics of war and peace in Iran and Shi'i Islam. It provides a prism through which the binary source of the Iranian national and religious identity informs Iranian responses to modernity. By doing so, the author reveals that a civilization-conscious soul in modern Iran is re-emerging. (shrink)

This paper defines and discusses two important types of citations, self-citation and mandatory citation, in engineering journals. Citation can be classified in three categories: optional; semi-mandatory; and mandatory. There are some negative and positive impacts for the authors’ paper and journals’ reputation if mandatory citation of a paper or set of papers is requested. These effects can be different based on the recommended papers for citing in the new research. Mandatory citation has various types discussed in this paper. Self-citation and (...) its reasons and impacts are also discussed in the present study. (shrink)

The majority of translation theories remerging from the works of contemporary philosophers suffer from a lack of well-organized textual/semiotic analysis tools. Although such theories are specifically important because of their postulates, their incoherent methods normally make them difficult to be used or even sufficiently understood. Hermeneutic theories, however, have been re-visiting and re-constructing their principles, showing a remarkable tendency toward methodological and empirical investigation guided by their philosophy. Translational hermeneutics, as a major movement, has suggested six fundamental principles. Although this (...) contribution systemizes and simplifies hermeneutic conceptions, it still needs to construct a lingual analytic system for practical translation. Seeking to address this problem, this study views the six principles in the light of narratology and suggests a unified organization based on Ricoeur’s narrative theory by breaking the principles into a cognitive-existential dimension and a lingual/semiotic dimension. This framework processes both minimal and maximal language variables and addresses practical and pedagogical considerations. (shrink)

Recent business headlines, particularly those related to the collapsed energy-trading giant, Enron and its auditor, Arthur Andersen raise concerns about accountants' ethical reasoning. We propose, and provide evidence from 90 new auditors from Big-Five accounting firms, that a selection-socialization effect exists in the accounting profession that results in hiring accountants with disproportionately higher levels of the Sensing/thinking (ST) cognitive style. This finding is important and relevant because we also find that the ST cognitive style is associated with relatively low levels (...) of ethical reasoning, regardless of gender. This finding implies a need for emphasis on the ethical training of accountants. The results also suggest that accounting firms should consider recruiting accountants with cognitive styles associated with relatively higher levels of ethical reasoning. (shrink)

This intriguing work offers a new perspective on Islamic Peripatetic philosophy, critiquing modern receptions of such thought and highlighting the contribution it can make to contemporary Western philosophy. Mohammad Azadpur focuses on the thought of Alfarabi and Avicenna, who, like ancient Greek philosophers and some of their successors, viewed philosophy as a series of spiritual exercises. However, Muslim Peripatetics differed from their Greek counterparts in assigning importance to prophecy. The Islamic philosophical account of the cultivation of the soul to (...) the point of prophecy unfolds new vistas of intellectual and imaginative experience and accords the philosopher an exceptional dignity and freedom. With reference to both Islamic and Western philosophers, Azadpur discusses how Islamic Peripatetic thought can provide an antidote to some of modernity’s philosophical problems. A discussion of the development of later Islamic Peripatetic thought is also included. (shrink)

The ever-growing volume of scientific research challenges for traditional publishing models. This necessitates innovative approaches to journal editing and adopting by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in publication. This scoping review aims to explore the emerging trends shaping the field of journal editing by AI. Literature employed to search relevant databases published between 2008 and 2024. A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes key trends of inclusion of the technological tools integration for manuscript processing, the rise of (...) open-access publishing models, and evolving considerations around research ethics. The study underscores the pivotal role of emerging trends in shaping the future of scientific publishing. It offers valuable perspectives for editors to adeptly maneuver through the evolving terrain of scholarly communication. By suggesting possible best practices, it serves as a beacon for maintaining editorial excellence. Furthermore, it identifies critical domains warranting deeper exploration, thereby setting the stage for continuous advancement in the field. This forward-looking approach not only facilitates informed decision-making but also fosters a proactive stance towards embracing change in scientific discourse. (shrink)

According to a doctrine widely held by most medieval philosophers and theologians, whether in the Muslim or Christian world, there are no metaphysical distinctions in God whatsoever. As a result of the compendious theorizing that has been done on this issue, the doctrine, usually called the doctrine of divine simplicity, has been bestowed a prominent status in both Islamic and Christian philosophical theology. In Islamic philosophy some well-known philosophers, such as Ibn Sina (980–1037) and Mulla Sadra (1571–1640), developed this doctrine (...) through a metaphysical approach. In this paper, considering the historical order, I shall first concentrate on Ibn Sina’s view. Then I shall turn to the theory of divine simplicity of Thomas Aquinas (1225?–1274), as the most developed and comprehensive version of the medieval theories in Christian world. Finally, I will return to Islamic philosophy and explore the more complicated and mature account of the doctrine as it was introduced by Mulla Sadra according to his own philosophical principles. (shrink)