Hegel, Snellman och språket -- Snellman och Lagus -- Ur Israel Hwassers politiska idévärld -- En finländsk motsvarighet till striden mellan Thibaut och Savigny -- Hans Järta och J.J. Nordström -- "Thomas Frisk," ett inlägg i 1860-talets svenska reformdebatt -- Axel Liljenstrand -- C.G. Estlander, "kultursvensk" och gammalliberal -- Robert Hermanson och nationalitetsbegreppet -- K.J. Ståhlberg och Finlands statsskick.

Despite the belief that metaphors are thought to be powerful persuasive devices, little empirical evidence exists to support this claim. A first step in examining the persuasive impact of metaphors is to measure recall and production variables concerning the persuasive message. This study examined recollections regarding the Iran-Contra hearings among honors introductory psychology students. Recall of the hearings appeared heavily influenced by externally imposed (i.e., media, politicians) metaphors. Moreover, metaphors used typically expressed an attitude about the Iran-Contra affair, particularly about (...) Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's involvement. (shrink)

Mio and Graesser found that metaphors that disparaged the topic of a sentence were perceived to be more humorous than metaphors that uplifted the topic. Moreover, there was evidence that male participants found these disparaging metaphors to be more humorous than did female participants. To further test this finding, in Study 1 we administered the Bem Sex-Role Inventory–Revised and used the methodology from the Mio and Graesser study. We found that sex-typed men found the disparaging metaphors to be the most (...) humorous, sex-typed women found the disparaging metaphors to be the least humorous, and androgynous men and women fell in between the sex-typed groups. In Study 2 we failed to replicate gender differences using a different methodology, although all groups still found disparaging metaphors more humorous. We question the usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory–Revised in today's society. (shrink)

This article examines contemporary representations of sakura (cherry blossom) in cosmetics marketing. Since the Heian period, sakura has been loved and regarded as having tangible and metaphorical significance in Japan. Imagery of sakura is rich in ambiguity and has a complex history as evident in its use in the militaristic promotion of heroism, especially related to the Second World War. However, in recent decades, sakura imagery has proliferated across a range of popular culture both inside and out of Japan. In (...) this article we focus on the circulation and meanings of sakura imagery accessible and appropriated in Australia with specific attention to cosmetics. Sakura offers not only aesthetic pleasure but also potentially some health benefits. Our discussion draws on data from surveys and interviews with participants in Australia about their perspectives of sakura aesthetics related to colour symbolism. This is accompanied by close analysis of colour symbolism in recent perfume, skincare and cosmetic marketing, branding and packaging which use sakura imagery. We argue that, using the complex symbolism associated with the wide colour spectrum, sakura imagery has now been refashioned as a versatile promotional tool in the global market, as exemplified by the brand engagement of sakura-themed cosmetics. (shrink)

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed many people's lives, ChatGPT being a clear example, whose capabilities have substantially influenced the automation of tasks such as writing texts and providing information sources for researchers. This review article aims to understand the impact of AI on academic writing and why its use can be considered plagiarism. The Prism method was used to analyze the studies, which initially totaled 824, and after excluding them for duplicity and by title, a (...) total of 137 were left, of which we proceeded to review those that were open access and those that were related to the study, obtaining a total of 54 manuscripts closely related to the research topic; the results were then segmented into three questions, What are the text-matching tools that help to identify the use of AI in article writing?, What strategies are used to regulate the use of AI in writing scientific articles? and What techniques are used to detect AI-generated text?, which were key to comparing the results of the review with the findings of the authors belonging to the literature review. The results showed that, from 2022 onwards, AI became a recurring topic among researchers in China and the United States, allowing the emergence of popular techniques and software such as Turnitin or GPTZero to identify when these linguistic models were used in writing tasks, as well as strategies to regulate their use in controlled environments. In the end, it was concluded that there is a fine line between ethics and abuse of AI capabilities, and further research and study of different techniques is recommended to recognize when these tools are blatantly used. (shrink)

Un bambino di quattro anni nascosto sotto il tavolo in cucina, nell'attesa degli eventi che diventeranno poi la sua vita. È questa la prima immagine che appare a Emanuele Severino quando, errando tra i ricordi, riavvolge i fili della propria esistenza. Errando, appunto, perché il ricordo è di per sé falso e distratto. Tra aneddoti e suggestioni, riaffiorano l'infanzia a Brescia e gli anni della guerra; la scomparsa del fratello Giuseppe, arruolatosi come "volontario" sul fronte francese, e l'incontro con Esterina, (...) "la ragazza più bella di Brescia", che diventerà sua moglie ed è lo sfondo di queste pagine; gli studi universitari a Pavia e l'insegnamento alla Cattolica di Milano, a seguito del "maestro" Gustavo Bontadini; la controversia con la Chiesa, che nel 1970 proclamò l'incompatibilità delle sue posizioni con quelle della dottrina cattolica; il rapporto con i figli; la stesura delle sue opere e le conversazioni filosofiche con gli amici. Emanuele Severino, con uno sguardo delicato e ironico, ripercorre la sua vita, illuminando luoghi, volti ed esperienze, perché "ciò che se ne va scompare per un poco. Ma poi, tutto ciò che è scomparso riappare". (shrink)

Kant says there is a duty to exit the state of nature, to enter into a civil state. He says this is a duty of right, not a duty of virtue. The article discusses the argument he gives to support this view, as well as the contemporary discussion on the relationship between this duty of right and the categorical imperative. The discussion is full of implications. Particularly significant is the view of the Kantian state emerging from it, which challenges the (...) conventional account: instead of a state designed to protect pre-existing individual property rights, property rights are seen as something resulting from the very constitution of the state. (shrink)

Con una belleza literaria incomparable, la Comedìa refleja la cosmovisión católica que vertebra la Cristiandad medieval, que tuvo su máximo exponente filosófico y teológico en santo Tomás. A lo largo de todo el itinerario poético, vemos la impronta del Aquinate presente en el meollo de la narración. Aquí analizaré cómo la cuestión teológica fundamental del gobierno divino del mundo permea la Comedìa, tanto en su estructura formal como en ciertos aspectos concretos del viaje de Dante. A partir de dicha premisa, (...) estudiaré las consecuencias que ello tiene en ese orden jurídico manifestado en la «arquitectura» del infierno, cuyo dintel es elocuente: «Giustizia mosse il mio alto fattore; / fecemi la divina podestate, / la somma sapienza e ‘l primo amore». Finalmente, abordaré la proporcionalidad de las penas que sufren los condenados, como indicador de la medida natural de los castigos dictados por justicia divina. (shrink)

En este artículo se exponen las conclusiones de un estudio cuyo objetivo principal fue describir y analizar las situaciones de discriminación, violencia y desigualdad contra enfermeros/as gays y lesbianas con pretexto de su orientación sexual y/o expresión de género en organizaciones de salud públicas y privadas de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (en adelante, CABA). Aquí se analizan las estrategias y los modos en que gays y lesbianas gestionan la información personal relativa a su orientación sexual en sus intercambios socio-laborales (...) para evitar el estigma.Este escrito se centra en dos categorías principales que ordenaron la investigación: (a) las posibilidades de expresar la propia orientación sexual en los respectivos espacios de trabajo y su vinculación con el estigma real o anticipado en las interacciones con compañeros/as, superiores y pacientes; y (b) el heterosexismo internalizado como una categoría vinculada tanto con el estigma anticipado y experimentado como con los distintos grados de apertura sobre la propia orientación sexual en el trabajo.Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo y se analizaron 20 entrevistas a enfermeros y enfermeras gays, lesbianas y heterosexuales, sumado a la indagación de diversas fuentes secundarias, desde los lineamientos de la teoría fundamentada en datos. Como conclusión, se destaca la asociación entre el grado de asunción de la propia identidad sexual, el uso de estrategias de gestión de la información personal y el heterosexismo internalizado, que repercuten en la reproducción de la opresión y el estigma entre gays y lesbianas en comparación con la población heterosexual. Por lo tanto, este trabajo pretende hacer un aporte significativo a las discusiones y los estudios sobre diversidad sexual en los espacios de trabajo de Argentina y la región. (shrink)

El artículo confronta el análisis merleau-pontiano de los cuatro caracteres del “cuerpo propio” en Phénoménologie de la Perception con el tratamiento original que Husserl realizó de los mismos puntos en Ideen II. Se examinan sus respectivos análisis de la permanencia absoluta, las sensaciones dobles, las cenestesias y las cinestesias para determinar el diferente significado que comporta el “cuerpo propio” para cada autor. Se observa así que las “ubiestesias” no desempeñan para Merleau-Ponty el rol constitutivo del cuerpo propio que tienen para (...) Husserl. Esto conduce a distinguir, siguiendo a Husserl, dos sentidos diferentes de propiedad. Mientras que Husserl asocia el cuerpo propio con un sentido secundario de propiedad, derivado de un sentido yoico originario, para Merleau-Ponty la experiencia más básica del yo y de lo propio es vivida por un sujeto cor-poral al percibir y moverse.The article confronts the MerleauPontyan analyses of the four features of the “body proper” in Phénoménologie de la Perception with the original Husserlian consideration of the same issues in Ideen II. I examine their analyses of absolute permanency, double sensations, cenesthesis and kinesthesis, to determine the different meaning that the “body proper” acquires for each author. It is thus observed that “localized sensations” do not play for Merleau-Ponty —as they do for Husserl— the constitutive role of the body proper. This leads to distinguish, following Husserl, two different senses of ownership. Whereas Husserl associates the “body proper” with a secondary sense of ownership deriving from an originary sense of self, for Merleau-Ponty the most basic experience of myself and of ownership is lived by a corporeal subject in perception and movement. (shrink)