Understanding human beings and their distinctive rational and volitional capacities requires a clear account of such things as reasons, desires, emotions, and motives, and how they combine to produce and explain human behaviour. Maria Alvarez presents a fresh and incisive study of these concepts, centred on reasons and their role in human agency.

While the socio-ethical and legal issues surrounding clinical genetics have long been the subject of international interest, the thorny questions of genetic research and biobanking are more recent. Add to this the fact that national guidelines and laws usually precede international policymaking, and the delay in international approaches is understandable. In that regard, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s 1997 Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights is unique in its prospective guidance on genetic research. Also, (...) it is in the very nature of international normative instruments to be general, except on specific issues considered to be in the interest of humanity, such as research into human reproductive cloning or access to AIDS drugs. (shrink)

In the 1860s, Dr. Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux introduced a set of papier-mâché teaching models intended for use in the botanical classroom. These botanical models quickly made their way into the educational curricula of institutions around the world. Within these institutions, Auzoux’s models were principally used to fulfil educational goals, but their incorporation into diverse curricula also suggests they were used to implement agendas beyond botanical instruction. This essay examines the various uses and meanings of Dr. Auzoux’s botanical teaching models (...) at the universities of Glasgow and Aberdeen in the nineteenth century. The two main conclusions of this analysis are: investing in prestigious scientific collections was a way for these universities to attract fee-paying students so that better medical accommodation could be provided and models were used to transmit different kinds of botanical knowledge at both universities. The style of botany at the University of Glasgow was offensive and the department there actively embraced and incorporated ideas of the emerging new botany. At Aberdeen, the style of botany was defensive and there was some hesitancy when confronting new botanical ideas. (shrink)

This article discusses practices of hygienism and social cleansing in Brazilian urban spaces. It takes the case of a traditional fishing community, located in north-eastern Brazil, that is under the threat of being evicted from the area occupied for more than 60 years, while locals are accused of pursuing dangerous and violent ways of life. These practices are considered, from a Foucauldian perspective, as part of biopolitcal strategies connected with state racism, that in contemporary society underpin a discourse of social (...) security and development. It also discusses how the criminalization of certain social groups is used to justify, on the one hand, the restriction to certain spaces, and, on the other, privileged forms of access to public space. (shrink)

The Meeting, as a theological category from Paul Ricoeur’s book causes a reflection on the Being. The identity that is built on otherness in relation to the other which meets another deeper himself and the understanding of himself requires acceptance of himself as hopelessly another. The meeting is a key experience that enables the growth of the being through the other, it is dialogue experience, donation and constitutive reception of the history of being, which refers to the search for the (...) transcendent. In this dynamic there is the appropriation of different realities that allow the reformulation of something new. Hardly someone goes out a meeting in the same way. Another important aspect is the fertility of otherness that prints an ethical-theological reflection, a call for acceptance of diversity and respect for others, which allows the realization of justice. (shrink)

O presente estudo objetiva explicitar o conteúdo da categoria encontro com Jesus em suas diferentes vertentes e sua importância na abordagem cristológica para uma compreensão da Pessoa e Missão de Jesus na perspectiva do Reino de Deus e os desdobramentos de tal compreensão na vida e missão da Igreja hoje. Abordar a questão do encontro como pressuposto norteador da existência humana e exigência para a superação da sobrevalorização da subjetividade, individualismo, tendo como ênfase o êxodo pessoal, a importância das relações (...) estabelecidas com o outro como elemento constitutivo da realidade do encontro. Paradoxalmente, o mundo que a cada dia cria novos meios de comunicação, por outro lado torna as pessoas cada vez mais distantes umas das outras, inviabilizando a construção de uma autêntica “cultura do encontro”. O percurso deste estudo é a busca de pesquisas já desenvolvidas por outros autores de diferentes áreas. (shrink)

Resumen Este trabajo analiza los anuncios de televisión y prensa de la compañía española de telefonía móvil Yoigo para explorar cómo la publicidad usa la apelación emocional para persuadir al consumidor a adquirir un servicio. El marco teórico se basa, por una parte, en el concepto de efecto social del acto comunicativo : 577–603) y el de actividad de imagen : 175–198), entendiendo la imagen social desde las categorías básicas de autonomía y afiliación con sus manifestaciones grupal e individual, Actos (...) de habla y cortesía en el español. Munich: Lincom Europa). Por otro lado, se parte de las propuestas de identidad de Spencer-Oatey, Face, Communication and Social Interaction ) y los tipos de valores centrales e individuales de los que se nutren tanto la imagen social como la identidad, 268-290). Los resultados de los análisis demuestran que en los anuncios de Yoigo los valores de honestidad y originalidad están presentes en las estrategias comunicativas elegidas, lo que supone una serie de actividades de imagen donde la afiliación y la autonomía – tanto de grupo como individual – se ponen de manifiesto. Así, las estrategias realizadas por los anuncios utilizan atributos conocidos de la identidad del consumidor español y de su imagen social para lograr su propósito persuasivo: convencerle para contratar el servicio ofrecido. (shrink)

La Constitución de 1978 se ha convertido ya en el segundo texto de más larga duración en nuestra historia contemporánea, sólo superada por la Constitución de 1876, vigente durante cuarenta y siete años. Sin embargo, la situación real de una y otra no es comparable. Durante la vigencia del texto actual España ha sido modelo de significativos cambios, en la que se han dado muestras de prudencia y audacia, a la vez.

There is hardly any other art form as immersive as film. Thus, if a movie focuses on the abyss of human behaviour, dealing with crimes, violence or even murder, it is often accused of being immoral and corrupting its audience. On the basis of selected examples from Alfred Hitchcock’s ›Rope‹ to Martin Scorsese’s ›Taxi Driver‹ and Lars von Trier’s ›Dogville‹, this critical essay explores the question of the moral claims movies can make. Considering contemporary films such as ›Promising Young Woman‹ (...) and ›Joker‹ this text asks how modern anti-heroes influence the audience and what changes can be seen over the last decades in the moral reception of movies. Finally, the essay concludes with the latest attempts of censorship and looks at who determines the moral value of art. (shrink)

A range of themes—race and gender, sexuality, otherness, sisterhood, and agency—run throughout this collection, and the chapters constitute a collective discourse at the intersection of Black feminist thought and continental philosophy, converging on a similar set of questions and concerns. These convergences are not random or forced, but are in many ways natural and necessary: the same issues of agency, identity, alienation, and power inevitably are addressed by both camps. Never before has a group of scholars worked together to examine (...) the resources these two traditions can offer one another. By bringing the relationship between these two critical fields of thought to the forefront, the book will encourage scholars to engage in new dialogues about how each can inform the other. If contemporary philosophy is troubled by the fact that it can be too limited, too closed, too white, too male, then this groundbreaking book confronts and challenges these problems. -/- Table of Contents -/- Foreword Beverly Guy-Sheftall Acknowledgments Introduction: Black Feminism and Continental Philosophy Maria del Guadalupe Davidson, Kathryn T. Gines, and Donna-Dale L. Marcano -/- 1. Black Feminism, Poststructuralism, and the Contested Character of Experience Diane Perpich -/- 2. Sartre, Beauvoir, and the Race/Gender Analogy: A Case for Black Feminist Philosophy Kathryn T. Gines -/- 3. The Difference That Difference Makes: Black Feminism and Philosophy Donna-Dale L. Marcano -/- 4. Antigone’s Other Legacy: Slavery and Colonialism in Tègònni: An African Antigone Tina Chanter -/- 5. L Is for . . . : Longing and Becoming in The L-Word’s Racialized Erotic Aimee Carrillo Rowe -/- 6. Race and Feminist Standpoint Theory Anika Maaza Mann -/- 7. Rethinking Black Feminist Subjectivity: Ann duCille and Gilles Deleuze Maria del Guadalupe Davidson -/- 8. From Receptivity to Transformation: On the Intersection of Race, Gender, and the Aesthetic in Contemporary Continental Philosophy Robin M. James -/- 9. Extending Black Feminist Sisterhood in the Face of Violence: Fanon, White Women, and Veiled Muslim Women Traci C. West -/- 10. Madness and Judiciousness: A Phenomenological Reading of a Black Woman’s Encounter with a Saleschild Emily S. Lee -/- 11. Black American Sexuality and the Repressive Hypothesis: Reading Patricia Hill Collins with Michel Foucault Camisha Russell -/- 12. Calling All Sisters: Continental Philosophy and Black Feminist Thinkers Kathy Glass -/- Afterword: Philosophy and the Other of the Second Sex George Yancy Contributor Notes Index. (shrink)

The article investigates the evolution of views of a prominent Ukrainian philosopher S. Krymskyi proceeding from logics and methodology of science to philosophy of culture and spirituality.

En el presente artículo analizamos la Internet desde su origen hasta la actualidad considerándola como una unidad integrada por otras tecnologías de comunicación e información, donde todos tienen la posibilidad de hablar. A partir de esta condición inicial dividimos el análisis en dos direcciones: la red como tecno-capitalismo, y la red como «comunista», «comunitaria», «solidaria», «socialista», «democrática».

El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar la utilidad de los problemas de reparto para el aprendizaje de las fracciones. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuasi-experimental; los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario y una entrevista. Los resultados de la investigación demostraron que los problemas de reparto son una estrategia útil para mejorar el aprendizaje de las fracciones. Palabras clave: Fracciones, problemas de reparto, enseñanza de las matemáticas.

Uma etapa significativa na vida de uma disciplina é o seu envolvimento com os estudos pós-graduados, seja com as pesquisas ou com os eventos. Na década de 70 a Filosofia da Educação vivenciou a inserção nesse âmbito, através da criação do primeiro curso de pós-graduação, no Brasil, em Filosofia da Educação, cujos frutos foram significativos na direção da profissionalização e expansão das pesquisas na área. A partir desta constatação, o artigo examina o ensino da filosofia da educação como campo disciplinar.

C.S. Peirce considera la abducción como una de las tres inferencias, que junto con la deducción y la inducción, son necesarias para la obtención del conocimiento científico. El presente artículo tiene como fin establecer la evolución del concepto de abducción, su lógica y su psicología, así como las críticas realizadas por R.N. Hanson a este concepto y a la apagogé aristotélica.

O propósito sistemático-filosófico da crítica diltheiana da razão histórica traduz-se na busca de apoio do conhecimento objetivo para sua apreensão intuitiva da vida. O presente artigo busca mostrar não só aspectos da trajetória teórica do autor, mas também suas dificuldades e limites.

Situado no campo da discussão entre a filosofia da vida e a fenomenologia, ou mais especificamente entre a escola diltheiana e o círculo fenomenológico, o artigo investiga em que esfera Dilthey é, de fato, relativista, e, no caso afirmativo, até que ponto é possível extrair, de sua posição diante da história, consequências céticas.

Multiculturalism, namely the coexistence of different cultural traditions within the framework of a single socio-political structure, is one of the most salient characteristics of western democratic societies. This situation is due mainly to two factors. On the one hand, we find a plurality of historical communities within the State that have different cultural roots, and each one of them defends the right to have its cultural identity recognised. On the other hand, there is a growing exodus of people from less (...) developed countries into western ones. In this paper I analyse from a philosophical point of view the multicultural situation that has its origin in immigration, paying attention to a public debate on this topic that has been held in Spain recently. I also analyse some conditions that must be taken into account by educators if they want to promote an adequate integration of immigrants into society, being respectful both of their cultural identity and the rights of the society of destination. (shrink)

According to the minimal version of the traditional analysis of knowledge, there are (at least) three necessary components to knowledge, that is, truth, belief and justification. In this paper we will argue that even in a global sceptical scenario, all three conditions minimally necessary for knowledge can be satisfied. In particular, we will focus on the justification requirement and analyse two “traditional” theories of justification, i.e., coherentism and foundationalism, as well as a more “innovative” one, i.e., reliabilism. Then, we will (...) conclude that if we want to continue to claim that, in a global sceptical scenario, a cognitive subject does not know (almost) anything, we should recognise that she may still have justified true beliefs, and we should, therefore, look elsewhere for the reasons why she lacks knowledge. (shrink)

La muerte constituye uno de los temas centrales de la literatura. Cada mundo creado a partir de la multiplicidad de espacios y tiempos representados, ofrece la visión de los opuestos, vida y muerte, que se complementan eternamente. Para entender plenamente los efectos de sentidos que otorga el tema de la muerte en la obra de Guadalupe Dueñas, el lector debe penetrar en el mundo profundo y variado de los tópicos literarios sobre la muerte, cuyas fronteras dan soporte y sentido a (...) lo expuesto en los relatos de esta escritora. (shrink)

L’article présente un sceau prismatique du Minoen Moyen mis au jour dans le bâtiment néopalatial Pi à Malia en 2007. Les motifs qu’il porte sur ses trois faces sont particulièrement intéressants en raison de leur rareté dans la glyptique protopalatiale et des comparaisons établies. La figure féminine sur la face (a) semble ainsi représenter une créature hybride, dont le visage apparaît souvent isolément, ou surmontant un corps humain ou animal sur des sceaux du MM, et qui trouve certains parallèles dans (...) des représentations de la divinité égyptienne Bès et de la Gorgone grecque. Le quadrupède de la face (b) est gravé dans une position rarement observée, suggérant un animal enroulé sur lui-même. Les « serpents » flanquant le vase sur la face (c) peuvent être comparés aux éléments similaires associés à un chat sur un prisme protopalatial, ou à la «déesse aux serpents », sur la tête de laquelle est également assis un chat. Ces considérations invitent à conclure que ces représentations sur les prismes véhiculaient une valeur symbolique. (shrink)

Sentence repetition tasks have been extensively employed to assess bilingual children’s linguistic and cognitive resources. The present study examined whether monoliterate bilingual children differ from their monolingual peers in SR accuracy and cognitive tasks, and investigated links between vocabulary, updating, verbal and visuospatial working memory and SR performance in the same children. Participants were two groups of 35 children, 8–12 years of age: one group consisted of Albanian-Greek monoliterate bilingual children and the other of Greek monolingual children attending a monolingual-Greek (...) educational setting. The findings demonstrate that the two groups performed similarly in the grammaticality scores of the SR. However, monolinguals outperformed the monoliterate bilinguals in SR accuracy, as well as in the visuospatial working memory and updating tasks. The findings did not indicate any bilingual advantage in cognitive performance. The results also demonstrate that updating and visuospatial working memory significantly predicted monolingual children’s SR accuracy scores, whereas Greek vocabulary predicted the performance of our monoliterate bilingual children in the same task. We attribute this outcome to the fact that monoliterate bilingual children do not rely on their fluid cognitive resources to perform the task, but instead rely on language proficiency while performing the SR. (shrink)

How does the complex structure of the image today connect to perception, what does this visual culture offer and what is left to the perciever? As we find ourselves in a culture of digital media, wherein Design, Cinema and New Media intersect, this book zooms in on the imagees dynamic factors seen as a field of work in which the creation of contents and forms is inscribed in a post-digital era.

Resumen: Chela Reyes, es una escritora chilena nacida en Santiago el mismo año que Pablo Neruda. Ella tiene una relevante producción poética, casi desconocida, que puede y debería considerarse como parte de la tradición de la vanguardia histórica chilena. Este trabajo pretende evidenciar cómo en Ola nocturna, su tercer poemario publicado en 1945, la autora utiliza personajes y referencias de la mitología griega para dar forma a su imaginario. Su universo figurativo está constituido por poderosas evocaciones de un espacio marítimo (...) en el que se confunde Eros y Tanatos. Personajes como Eolo, Hipocampos, Sirenas, Neptuno, Eco, Venus, forman parte de su galería mitológica-poética. Mediante estas figuras la poeta construye un mundo sorprendente y fascinante en donde el erotismo es tanto creación como destrucción.: Chela Reyes is a chilean writer born in Santiago, the same year as Pablo Neruda. She has a relevant poetic production, almost unknown, that can and should be considered as part of the tradition of the Chilean historical avant-garde. This work aims to show how, in Ola nocturna, her third book of poems published in 1945, the author uses characters and references from Greek mythology to shape her imaginary. Its figurative universe is constituted by powerful evocations of a maritime space in which Eros and Thanatos are confused. Characters such as Eolo, Hippocampus, Sirens, Neptune, Echo, Venus, are part of its mythological-poetic gallery. Through these figures the poet builds a surprising and fascinating world in which eroticism is both creation and destruction. (shrink)