En el presente artículo discuto algunos aspectos normativos de la experiencia perceptual considerando las contribuciones de Wittgenstein a dicho tópico en la Segunda Parte de las Investigaciones filosóficas. En estos pasajes, Wittgenstein critica las explicaciones fisiológicas causalistas de Wolfgang Köhler así como la perspectiva empirista representacional acerca de la percepción sensorial. Estas consideraciones le permiten mostrar que la interpretación juega un rol relevante en ciertos casos de percepción visual. Al respecto, propondré, primero, un modo de extender este modelo a casos (...) generales de percepción visual de objetos, generalmente establecidos por la expresión “Veo esto”. Segundo, examinaré las ventajas comparativas de esta posición respecto de la alternativa parcial, que consiste en restringir las consideraciones de Wittgenstein solo para el caso de “lo veo como…”. (shrink)

Combining the liberalism of Locke and the "civic humanism" of Republicanism, Mary Wollstonecraft explored the need of women for coed and equal education with men, economic independence whether married or not, and representation as citizens in the halls of government. In doing so, she foreshadowed and surpassed her much better known successor, John Stuart Mill. Ten feminist scholars prominent in the fields of political philosophy, constitutional and international law, rhetoric, literature, and psychology argue here that Wollstonecraft, by reason of the (...) scope and complexity of her thought, belongs in the "canon" of political philosophers along with Rousseau and Burke, her contemporaries, both of whom she strenuously engaged in political debate. These essays explore the many aspects of her thought that resound so tellingly to the modern woman, including her groundbreaking attempt to be completely self-sufficient. The final bibliographical essay outlines the changing interpretations of Wollstonecraft's work over the past two hundred years and evaluates her standing among political theorists today. Contributors are Maria J. Falco, Penny A. Weiss, Virginia Sapiro, Virginia L. Muller, Wendy Gunther-Canada, Carol H. Poston, Miriam Brody, Moira Ferguson, Louise Byer Miller, and Dorothy McBride Stetson. (shrink)

The development of explicit theories of dynamic context change has led to a fundamentally new perspective on the interpretation of discourse. In this paper I show that this development also opens up the possibility of approaching subclausal composition along similar lines. More specifically, I argue that a dynamic theory where type-driven rules apply directly to overt surface structures and fill in missing information by building anaphoric bridges is more faithful to natural language semantics than the classical Montagovian approach.

This book addresses current threats to citizenship and democratic values posed by the spread of post-truth communication. The contributors apply research on moral, civic, and epistemic virtues to issues involving post-truth culture. The spread of post-truth communication affects ordinary citizens' commitment to truth and attitudes toward information sources, thereby threatening the promotion of democratic ideals in public debate. The chapters in this volume investigate the importance of helping citizens improve the quality of their online agency and raise awareness of the (...) risks social media poses to democratic values. The book moves from two initial chapters that provide historical background and overview of the present post-truth malaise, through a series of chapters that feature mainly diagnostic accounts of the epistemic and ethical issues we face, to the complexities of virtue-theoretic analyses of specific virtues and vices. Virtues, Democracy, and Online Media will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in virtue ethics, epistemology, political philosophy, and media studies. (shrink)

Las exposiciones de Rolando Castellón han tenido espacio en varias partes del mundo. El artista ha ganado premios en su natal Nicaragua y fuera de ella. Reside en Costa Rica actualmente, y no se ha detenido allí. Se le puede encontrar con varios nombres y con cada uno de ellos desarrolla una actividad distinta, es así de multifacético. Él se ha construido a sí mismo desde su propia experiencia, sin la academia de por medio. Este trabajo quiere dar un recorrido (...) sobre el trabajo y obra del artista. (shrink)

The discussion of the soul as a principle of life in ancient Greek philosophy was not limited to the soul’s relation to the body, the capacities of the soul, and the functions of the living organism. The debates about the soul and life also concerned issues of embryogenesis, such as the generation, formation, and animation of an organic body in the womb. The fragments of these debates can be traced in the writings of Alexander of Aphrodisias, particularly in his treatise (...) On the Soul. In this paper, I examine Alexander’s views on animal reproduction, especially considering the problematic question of the life and animation of the embryo. Analyzing generation among the other capacities of the nutritive soul in On the Soul, Alexander considers the causes of embryogenesis. As the first cause, he indicates the nutritive capacity, which is transmitted from the parent through the seed and acts in the embryo. In addition, as Simplicius states in his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Alexander claims that the soul of the parent acts as a paradeigma that specifies the order and the goal of the embryo’s development. Thus, I explain Alexander’s understanding of the causes of the embryo’s development and animation in the context of his idea of the soul as a capacity (δύναμις) and state (ἕξις). (shrink)

El presente trabajo aborda la interpretación de la fenomenología generativa de Anthony Steinbock, y las consecuencias metodológicas de una reconfiguración de la relación entre fenomenología genética y Generatividad. Para ello se analiza el modelo de “constitución territorial” presente en su obra Home and Beyond, abordando la tensión entre la comprensión clásica de la fenomenología husserliana y su reinterpretación. Se discute cómo la fenomenología no fundacional propuesta por Steinbock podría transformar la teoría fenomenológica, examinando críticas y preocupaciones metodológicas en la literatura (...) especializada. A partir del modelo de relación liminal, que Steinbock aplica a la relación entre mundo familiar y mundo ajeno, se sugiere considerar la relación entre la fenomenología genética clásica y la generativa como liminal, entendiendo esta relación como una en que ambos enfoques se necesitan y se desafían mutuamente. (shrink)

Nos últimos anos o mundo passou a conviver com um processo de expressivas mudanças sociais, culturais e econômicas. O novo século iniciou mitificado como a nova era, em que os avanços são tão acelerados que o futuro se torna, de certa forma, desconhecido. O mundo depara-se com uma nova forma de ver o tempo, o poder, o trabalho, a comunicação, a informação, as instituições e, especialmente, a educação e a função docente, foco da reflexão neste trabalho. A abordagem propõe a (...) constatação das exigências de mudança na atualidade, decorrentes do quadro comple-xo em que se dá a educação escolar hoje para pensar os novos rumos da formação do professor. Em função dessa proposta, são apresentados resultados da investigação desenvolvida considerando as possibilidades de análise abertas por SACRISTÁN. Procurou-se desenlear a função docente da profusão de exigências que lhe são postas na atualidade, numa contribuição ao redirecionamento das propostas prescritivas de mudança e, sobretudo, de formação do professor. (shrink)

La filosofía tiene una tarea fundamental que es dialogar y pensar sobre algo particular, la moda es uno de ellos; tiene un tiempo, un espacio y un lugar en el que se despliega, en la base de su estructura está la exclusión social y tiene como fin la hiperrealidad. Esto es posible analizarlo bajo la mira de distintos autores como Walter Benjamin, Georg Simmel, Jean Baudrillard, los cuales me permiten visibilizar algunos elementos de la moda que perduran en el modo (...) en el que vivimos cotidianamente. (shrink)

Se realiza una lectura de algunos relatos de Jorge Luis Borges para trazar, a partir de ellos, la pregunta acerca de los lí­mites y la superación del lenguaje. Se ha afirmado que, ante la insuficiencia del lenguaje para reproducir una experiencia determinada, se abre el ámbito del silencio que trasciende la palabra en el éxtasis. El silencio, entonces, no aniquilarí­a la palabra sino que engendrarí­a la posibilidad de la polisemia. Además, se agrega que ésta apertura a la ausencia del verbo (...) va más allá de las múltiples significaciones y expresa la presencia de un sentido imposible de ser englobado y contenido dentro de las estructuras racionales de la conciencia."œBorges: The silent word"A reading of some of Jorge Luis Borges "™ short stories is done in order to trace, using these stories as a starting point, the question about the limits and the triumph over language. It has been stated that, faced with the insuficiency of language to reproduce a certain experience, the sphere of silence is opened that transcends the word in extasis. Silence, thus, would not annihilate the word but instead it would engender the possibility of polysemy. In addition, it is added that this opening to the absence of the verb goes beyond multiple meanings and expresses the presence of a meaning which is impossible to be included and contained within the rational structures of the consciousness. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Buddhist-Christian Studies 22 (2002) 203-205 [Access article in PDF] The Taipai, Taiwan, Museum of World Religions Maria Reis Habito Dallas, Texas A new museum dedicated to exploring the world's great religious traditions opened in Taipei this past November. Its professed mission is rather unique: to teach about religions and religious life in the world, and to provide instructive experiences about the variety of the world's religious expressions as (...) a basis for mutual understanding, peace, and love among peoples of the world. The vision for the museum as a place that will foster religious learning, interreligious dialogue, and cooperation was developed by its founder, the Venerable Dharma Master Hsin Tao. He conceived the museum as an educational institution that will "explore the fundamental values that are at the roots of all religions." The mission of the museum—"to encourage respect, tolerance and love by fostering dialogue among people of all faiths and backgrounds as we work together to create greater understanding and peaceful interaction in the New Millennium"—has attracted widespread support among his disciples in Taiwan and overseas, whose contributions have made the museum project possible. The Content of the Museum of World Religions The goal in the content development and design of the museum has been twofold: (1) to create an institution of learning in which the visitor will find well structured information about important aspects of the world's religions and (2) to create an interactive space that, in the words of Ralph Applebaum, "immerses the visitors in an experience that enables them to view religion from many different perspectives to gain a better understanding of their own faith and the faith of others." To this, Professor Sullivan added, "[V]isitors will be invited to explore all religions as expressions of a universal search for purpose, meaning, and enlightenment. The museum will be a living monument to the human spirit and a sanctuary honoring the world's myriad faith traditions." To engage the visitor in this exploration, the visit to the museum has been designed as a journey that, even though not a ritual per se, has a structure analogous to the three-part structure of religious rituals.First, visitors experience a moment of separation from everyday life and enter into a very different quality of space and time. Second, during this kind of "time out," [End Page 203] suspended between the normal moments of everyday activity, the visitors undergo a special and intense experience, during which they receive knowledge that transforms their understanding and alters their self-perception. Such transformation occurs in the face of powerful sacred objects, symbols, or events that are displayed and experiencedin relatively dramatic presentations in the museum. They invite the visitor to participate and interact. Thirdly, steps are undertaken to reinsert the visitor back into the life of daily activity.There are fourteen steps to the museum experience, each of which lands the visitor in a different place, with its own experience of time. At each step, in each place, the religious structure of time is viewed on a different scale, seen under a different order of magnification. The museum experience is an orderly succession of times, magnified and mapped onto a series of spaces that invite the visitor's interaction. The aim is to offer the visitor an experience that, like a ritual, is satisfying and transformative and yet remains an experience proper to an institute of learning.As an example of one of the steps, imagine coming from the lobby (step 5) into the Prime Times Theater (step 6). The panel on the eastern wall of the lobby slides aside, and you enter into the darkened theater as into a cave. You are implanted there in the mysterious and primeval space to relive the experience of the seed of love and peace, planted in the fertile grounds of origins. In a fifteen-minute film you view the primordial times described in religious myths and relive the drama and emotion of how life came to be as it is. A powerful weave of narration and imagery retells the stories and poses fundamental questions... (shrink)

In this paper I consider whether it is possible to cause an event by letting it happen.

This paper has two aims. First, to bring together the models of temporal phenomenology on offer and to present these using a consistent set of distinctions and terminologies. Second, to examine the methodologies currently practiced in the development of these models. To that end we present an abstract characterisation in which we catalogue all extant models. We then argue that neither of the two extreme methodologies currently discussed is suitable to the task of developing a model of temporal phenomenology. An (...) entirely top-down methodology is largely insensitive to empirical findings, while one that is entirely bottom-up is insensitive to both introspective evidence and more general philosophical considerations. We recommend a methodology that falls between these two extremes. (shrink)

As users of computer networks have become more active in producing their own electronic records, in the form of transcripts of onlinediscussions, ethicists have attempted to interpret this new situation interms of earlier models of personal data protection. But thistransference results in unprecedented problems for researchers. Thispaper examines some of the central dichotomies and paradoxes in thedebate on research ethics online in the context of the concrete study ofa virtual community that we carried out. We argue that alienation, notprivacy, is (...) the actual core of the ethical problems of virtual communityresearch. While practically everybody is allowed and often welcome tojoin online communities (which undermines the claim to privacy), mostparticipants would agree that members and visitors are not authorized touse, or `harvest,'' or sell the product of the group communication. To dothat, they would be expected to ask for permission preferably before thecontent has been produced, thus granting participants'' right to controltheir own product. This `non-alienation principle'' should be the basisof emergent social conventions in cyberspace. It would apply toresearchers as to anyone else. With certain types of research, wesuggest, cyberspace provides unique opportunities for empoweringsubjects by involving them as contributors in the research project. (shrink)

The Meeting, as a theological category from Paul Ricoeur’s book causes a reflection on the Being. The identity that is built on otherness in relation to the other which meets another deeper himself and the understanding of himself requires acceptance of himself as hopelessly another. The meeting is a key experience that enables the growth of the being through the other, it is dialogue experience, donation and constitutive reception of the history of being, which refers to the search for the (...) transcendent. In this dynamic there is the appropriation of different realities that allow the reformulation of something new. Hardly someone goes out a meeting in the same way. Another important aspect is the fertility of otherness that prints an ethical-theological reflection, a call for acceptance of diversity and respect for others, which allows the realization of justice. (shrink)

O presente estudo objetiva explicitar o conteúdo da categoria encontro com Jesus em suas diferentes vertentes e sua importância na abordagem cristológica para uma compreensão da Pessoa e Missão de Jesus na perspectiva do Reino de Deus e os desdobramentos de tal compreensão na vida e missão da Igreja hoje. Abordar a questão do encontro como pressuposto norteador da existência humana e exigência para a superação da sobrevalorização da subjetividade, individualismo, tendo como ênfase o êxodo pessoal, a importância das relações (...) estabelecidas com o outro como elemento constitutivo da realidade do encontro. Paradoxalmente, o mundo que a cada dia cria novos meios de comunicação, por outro lado torna as pessoas cada vez mais distantes umas das outras, inviabilizando a construção de uma autêntica “cultura do encontro”. O percurso deste estudo é a busca de pesquisas já desenvolvidas por outros autores de diferentes áreas. (shrink)

There is hardly any other art form as immersive as film. Thus, if a movie focuses on the abyss of human behaviour, dealing with crimes, violence or even murder, it is often accused of being immoral and corrupting its audience. On the basis of selected examples from Alfred Hitchcock’s ›Rope‹ to Martin Scorsese’s ›Taxi Driver‹ and Lars von Trier’s ›Dogville‹, this critical essay explores the question of the moral claims movies can make. Considering contemporary films such as ›Promising Young Woman‹ (...) and ›Joker‹ this text asks how modern anti-heroes influence the audience and what changes can be seen over the last decades in the moral reception of movies. Finally, the essay concludes with the latest attempts of censorship and looks at who determines the moral value of art. (shrink)

In Dopo il ballo (1903) Tolstoj crea un armonioso cortocircuito tra la problematica storica con la sua fenomenologia del potere e la propria posizione esistenziale perché in realtà la soluzione etica dell'eroe del racconto è proprio la fuga con il suo rifiuto di qualsivoglia servizio allo Stato. In After the Bal (1903), Tolstoy creates a harmonious short circuit between the historical question with its necessary phenomenology of power and his own existential position, because actually the hero of the story choose (...) escaping as his personal ethical solution to injustice with his rejection of any service to State. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between linguistic-discursive (de)coloniality, intersecting identities, and discursive practices of resistance and reexistence, employing a critical intersectional discourse perspective to analyze two texts that challenge the epistemic-ontological implications of the term ‘pessoas que menstruam’ [people who menstruate]. To this end, we examined two media-connected texts: “Nós, mulheres, não somos apenas pessoas que menstruam” [We, women, are not just people who menstruate] and “Por que estamos usando o termo ‘pessoas que menstruam’?” [Why are we using the (...) term ‘people who menstruate’?] It feels strange to be accused of biologizing ways of being a woman when, in fact, we are moving in the opposite direction.” These texts position the designation pessoas que menstruam [people who menstruate] in opposition, reflecting the positionalities of the authors’ intersecting identities, and aim to generate alternative knowledge and power structures, particularly through linguistic-discursive activism as a means of reexisting, resisting, and confronting coloniality. (shrink)

The research encompasses the study of ethical and legal issues surrounding the finitude of life. In this sense, topics such as Bioethics were examined to understand the concepts within bioethics, including euthanasia, dystanasia, orthothanasia, mistanasia, and assisted suicide, to build knowledge on the subject. Regarding the methodology, an interdisciplinary and systemic approach was used, involving Ethics, Law, Philosophy, and Health fields, while addressing the following question: What are the main ethical and practical dilemmas involved in preserving the right to a (...) dignified life in the context of extending the life of an incurably ill individual, considering the non-negotiable nature of human dignity? In light of this, the study focused on Bioethics, specifically the conceptual and principled foundation as understood in Bioethics. In this way, aspects related to the finitude of life were addressed in the first instance, using the foundational theory of Ronald Dworkin’s work, presenting the values that correspond to human life in both the legal and personal realms, and attributing the concept of human dignity through a historical analysis leading to its current understanding. (shrink)

Mi experiencia personal en el Centro Penitenciario de Alcalá Meco, se enmarca en un programa piloto de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, destinado a jóvenes internos en situación preventiva. El programa consiste en la aplicación de tratamiento psicológico grupal a jóvenes delincuentes. Este programa es ofertado como complemento al amplio abanico de actividades que realizan los internos a diario, con el objetivo de que aprendan nuevas habilidades que les puedan ser útiles en su vida diaria, (...) una vez que recuperen la libertad. El ingreso de los internos en el programa era realizado por los educadores sociales, en función de las carencias que éstos presentaban. (shrink)