Paulino Garagorri fue un discípulo muy próximo a Ortega y Gasset después de la vuelta a España de este último tras la Guerra Civil. En su obra, no demasiado extensa, pero de gran nivel intelectual, interpreta de manera rigurosa el pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset. Dos tesis fundamentales centran su estudio sobre la reforma de la filosofía llevada a cabo por Ortega. Primero, la nueva idea de realidad y; segundo, la nueva idea de conocimiento en el pensamiento orteguiano. Otros temas (...) que trató Garagorri fueron: las relaciones entre Ortega y Unamuno; segundo, la realidad de la muerte desde la perspectiva de la vida humana; por último, el concepto de “ideas enteras”, en contraposición a las ideas especializadas y a las ideas generales.Paulino Garagorri was a disciple very close to Ortega y Gasset, after his return to Spain, after the Civil War. In his work, not too extensive, but of great intellectual level, interprets rigorously the thinking of Ortega y Gasset. Two fundamental theses center their study on the reform of the philosophy carried out by Ortega. First, the new idea of reality and; second, the new idea of knowledge in Ortega's thinking. Other topics dealt with by Garagorri were: the relations between Ortega and Unamuno; second, the reality of death from the perspective of human life; finally, the concept of "whole ideas", as opposed to specialized ideas and general ideas. (shrink)

Feminist Jurisprudence have challenged the Law in a very relevant way, viewing it as a way of reproducing sexual and gender inequalities. In this paper, starting from the reflection on a specific case and the respective decisions of the portuguese courts and the European Court of Human Rights, I seek to analyse - in a space and time in which the national and international normative legal frameworks claim to be promoters of gender equality - the achievements that Law has effectively (...) made possible and with what intensity. The perspective that moves me is based on a policy of recognition, i.e., it intends to recognise an emancipatory potential in Law, exploring the possibility of its use in feminist struggles. (shrink)

En la década de los 50 y 60 del siglo XX Ignacio Ellacuría publicó varios artículos en relación con la figura y filosofía de Ortega. Parte de estos estudios permanecieron inéditos hasta su publicación en las obras completas en el año 1996. El presente estudio lo he dividido en tres bloques temáticos: en primer lugar, los artículos escritos por Ellacuría tras la muerte de Ortega, donde glosa su personalidad y filosofía; en segundo lugar, sus reflexiones sobre la polémica que suscitó (...) el libro de Santiago M. Ramírez y; por último, el estudio que realizó sobre el libro Meditación de la técnica, dicho ensayo por profundidad y extensión podemos considerarlo como uno de los pioneros en el estudio de la filosofía de la técnica de Ortega y Gasset.In the decade of the 50 and 60 of the twentieth century, Ignacio Ellacuría published several articles in relation to the figure and philosophy of Ortega. Part of these studies remained unpublished until its publication in the complete works in the year 1.996. I have divided the present study into three thematic blocks: first, the articles written by Ellacuría after Ortega's death, where he glosses his personality and philosophy; secondly, his reflections on the controversy raised by the book by Santiago M. Ramírez and; finally, the study carried out on the book Meditation on the Technique, the above mentioned essay, for depth and extension, we can consider it to be one of the pioneers in the study of the philosophy of the technique of Ortega y Gasset. (shrink)

Os gastos em Saúde concentram-se na fase final da vida. Hoje, a maior parte das mortes por doença ocorrem em internamento. Em estados internacionais tem sido reconhecido que doentes com doenças progressivas e ayançadas falecem com descontrolo sintomático. Para obter elementos sobre a situação no nosso país foi efectuado um estudo retrospectivo, em que se investigaram os óbitos no Concelho de Évora entre Março de 2003 e Fevereiro de 2004 por doença oncológica avançada e progressiva, diagnosticada há mais de 30 (...) dias e o recurso em fim de vida ao Hospital do Espínto Santo de Évora limitado ao período do último mês. Quantificaram-se: os dias de internamento, as consultas externas, as idas à urgência e os exames complementares. Foram também pesquisados os síntomas presentes. Através dos dados obtidos por contabilidade analítica do HES -Évora calcularam-se os cusios dos cuidados hospitalares desta população com doença terminal. Foram identificados 235 pessoas falecidas com doença oncológica. Destes 118 obedeciam aos critérios definidos. Idade média 69,1 ± 10,7 anos, 69,5% eram do sexo masculino, 55% residiam no Concelho de Évora. As topografias mais comuns foram o aparelho digestivo, 31% e o pulmão 20,3%. Os síntomas mais frequentes foram a sonoléncia, a dor, a dispneia e a astenia. Em internamento faleceram 82,2%, no Serviço de Urgência 11% e 4% no domicilio. Estiveram internados 84,7%, foram a consultas externas 40,6% e recorreram à Urgencia 60,7% dos doentes. Todos os doentes fizeram pelo menos um exame complementar. O total de cusios calculado foi de 379.761,35 €. O internamento e as Urgências corresponderam as maioresparcelas. Os cusios médios por doente, neste último mês de vida, foram 3218,32 €. As principais respostas oferecidas a estes doentes foram o internamento e a Urgência. Verificou-se um custo grande associado ao uso do Hospital por doentes com doença oncológica avançada e progressiva, no último mes de vida, associado a indicadores de menor qualidade nos cuidados. Healthcare costs concentrate in life last months. Today most patient die in a hospital ward. Several studies demonstrate that patients with advanced and progressive diseases have uncontrolled symptoms close to death. Trying to clarify what happens in our country we decided to evaluate the usage and hospital costs at Hospital do Espirito Santo -Évora (HES -Évora), within the penod of a year, regarding the last month of life of the patients who died in Évora from progressive and advanced cancer. We made a retrospective study: patient identification through Death Certificates, followed by research in the Hospital clinical data and informatics registrations. The calculation of costs was made with the Analytical Accountability data of the HES-Évora. The inclusion entena were advanced and progressive cancer diagnosed for more than a month and death due to cancer progression. Two hundred and thirty five persons that died from cancer were identified and 118 obeyed the inclusion criteria. Age 69.1 ± 10.7 years, 69.5% were male, 55% lived in the county of Évora. Most common primary topographies were digestive system, 31% and lung, 20,3%. Most common identified symptoms were drowsiness, pain, dyspnoea and asthenia. Died in a hospital ward 82.2%, in the Emergency Room (ER) 11%, and at home 4%. In their last month of life 84.7%, were in a hospital ward, 40,6% were seen at an External Consultation and 62.7% at the ER. All were submitted, at least, to one complementary exam. The calculated total cost was 379.761,35 €. The biggest fractions were due to in-hospital stays and visits to the ER. The medium cost per patient in the last month of life was 3218,32 €. Main care offered to these patients in their last month of life was provided by in-hospital wards and ER though associated with great costs and indicators of less quality care. (shrink)

For some years now, amongst contemporary Western societies (where capitalism and globalization have a great influence), the presence and developmentof a well-defined and peculiar emotional culture has become clear. The appropriate use and management of emotions, support a system of relations and codes that draw new limits between public and private life and between people and their actions. Arlie Russell Hochschild has studied the dynamics of emotions, aiming to define their distinctive languages. Interactions between the public and the individual realm (...) and the social sphere gives shape a code which imposes certain meanings and uses that are beyond the intention and perception of emotional subjects. Studies on the recent transformations of feminine roles and the social readjustments, which go along with those changes, are specifically motivated by the insertion of women in the business world, taking a central place in Hochschild’s investigations. This paper shows how new emotional codes, as Hochschild defines them, have great influence on modern lifestyles and how the role of women (and here lies the central friction between the family and career consolidation) is at the center of the characteristically modern lifestyle revolution. (shrink)

El artículo busca demostrar que el Budismo Zen conlleva una relación entre espiritualidad y corporalidad que Žižek no considera en su crítica del mismo como un instrumento más de adaptación al capitalismo. En respuesta a esta crítica, argumentaré que el criterio para entender apropiadamente el budismo está en la propia tradición, particularmente en la disciplina de la práctica. En el Zen, la doctrina se realiza a través de la práctica disciplinada y metódica, la cual se arraiga en el cuerpo. En (...) rigor, la crítica de Žižek es válida solo para aquel budismo que carece de disciplina y se preocupa únicamente por obtener resultados inmediatos, reforzando así el individualismo y haciendo de la e espiritualidad un producto capitalista más al servicio de la conformidad al mercado. (shrink)

Pulmonary rehabilitation has demonstrated patients’ physiological and psychosocial improvements, symptoms reduction and health-economic benefits whilst enhances the ability of the whole family to adjust to illness. However, PR remains highly inaccessible due to lack of awareness of its benefits, poor referral and availability mostly in hospitals. Novel models of PR delivery are needed to enhance its implementation while maintaining cost-efficiency. We aim to implement an innovative community-based PR programme and assess its cost-benefit. A 12-week community-based PR will be implemented in (...) primary healthcare centres where programmes are not available. Healthcare professionals will be trained. 73 patients with CRD and their caregivers will compose the experimental group. The control group will include dyads age- and disease-matched willing to collaborate in data collection but not in PR. Patients/family-centred outcomes will be dyspnoea, fatigue, cough and sputum, impact of the disease, emotional state, number of exacerbations, healthcare utilisation, health-related quality of life and family adaptability/cohesion. Other clinical outcomes will be peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, muscle thickness and cross sectional area, exercise capacity, balance and physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline, at 12 weeks, at 3- and 6-months post-PR. Changes in the outcome measures will be compared between groups, after multivariate adjustment for possible confounders, and effect sizes will be calculated. A cost-benefit analysis will be conducted. This study will enhance patients access to PR, by training healthcare professionals in the local primary healthcare centres to conduct such programmes and actively involving caregivers. The cost-benefit analysis of this intervention will provide an evidence-based insight into the economic benefit of community-based PR in chronic respiratory diseases. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials. gov U.S. National Library of Medicine, on 10th January, 2019. (shrink)

This paper analyses whether current explainable AI (XAI) techniques can help to address taxpayer concerns about the use of AI in taxation. As tax authorities around the world increase their use of AI-based techniques, taxpayers are increasingly at a loss about whether and how the ensuing decisions follow the procedures required by law and respect their substantive rights. The use of XAI has been proposed as a response to this issue, but it is still an open question whether current XAI (...) techniques are enough to meet existing legal requirements. The paper approaches this question in the context of a case study: a prototype tax fraud detector trained on an anonymized dataset of real-world cases handled by the Buenos Aires (Argentina) tax authority. The decisions produced by this detector are explained through the use of various classification methods, and the outputs of these explanation models are evaluated on their explanatory power and on their compliance with the legal obligation that tax authorities provide the rationale behind their decision-making. We conclude the paper by suggesting technical and legal approaches for designing explanation mechanisms that meet the needs of legal explanation in the tax domain. (shrink)

Este artigo suscita uma reflexão sobre a condição que muitas mulheres negras ainda vivem na sociedade brasileira. Nesta breve análise examinamos as memórias coletivas dos grupos dominantes e dominados desde o contexto da escravidão brasileira até a sociedade atual tomando como base a teoria da memória de Maurice Halbwachs e Michael Pollak, recorremos também aos estudos de algumas feministas negras, a exemplo de Grada Kilomba, Bell Hooks, Sueli Carneiro e Chimamanda Adichie e também da feminista Heleieth Saffioti, que abordam o (...) viés da interseccionalidade e escancara as desigualdades, opressões e violências enfrentadas pelas mulheres negras. Assim, a partir de uma análise qualitativa, podemos afirmar que: i) a memória coletiva de grupos da elite branca é memória oficial e reflete o modelo de relações raciais do Brasil; ii) a memória e o esquecimento marcam a trajetória do povo negro; iii) o projeto colonial se apresenta com novas roupagens do racismo. (shrink)

O artigo trata sobre o legado de Francisco de Assis e Madre Madalena, referência de vida e educação: formando para a vida com princípios, valores e atitudes. Objetiva reconhecer os princípios, valores e atitudes franciscanas que referendam uma educação pautada nos exemplos de São Francisco de Assis e Madre Madalena. O aporte teórico fundamenta-se em escritos das Fontes Franciscanas e Clarianas (2004), Cools e Winpersee (1996) dentre outros autores que tratam da temática em estudo. Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, (...) caracteriza-se como um estudo bibliográfico. A análise dos dados baseia-se em Bardin (2016). Os resultados encontrados apontam para o reconhecimento dos princípios, valores e atitudes franciscanas que referendam a proposta de educação franciscana. Destacam-se os princípios da construção da fraternidade, a cultura de paz, uma nova ética, a cultura da solidariedade, a integralidade, a justiça, a confiança em Deus. Os valores a serem cultivados na proposta da educação franciscana para o século XXI emergem da vivência da filosofia e da espiritualidade franciscana. (shrink)

A educação nas Escolas Franciscanas da SCALIFRA - ZN está comprometida, na sua essência, com a formação integral do ser humano, e para tanto, a mesma encontra-se alicerçada nos Princípios e Valores franciscanos, de modo a favorecer novos comportamentos pautados em atitudes positivas, culminando assim, numa ação e transformação do mundo contemporâneo. Tal desenvolvimento integral parte do reconhecimento e formação educacional embasada no reconhecimento dos aspectos cognitivo, emocional, espiritual, ético e social dos estudantes que frequentam as oito (8) escolas de (...) Educação Básica da Rede, distribuídas nos estados do RS, PR, MS e DF. Tal ação educacional encontra-se embasado num fazer metodológico diferenciado e numa forma de educar a partir do jeito de “ser e viver de São Francisco de Assis e Madre Madalena Damen”, o que requer adesão e comprometimento de toda comunidade educativa com a filosofia e espiritualidade franciscana que passa pelo autoconhecimento e autorrealização, processo que se estende ao longo da vida. (shrink)

As práticas de ensino passam pela acolhida das novas gerações em instituições educacionais, principalmente por escolas e universidades. Como ocorre a compreensão dessa acolhida? E nas escolas franciscanas? A compreensão das práticas de acolhida se conecta com a noção de encontro franciscano? Para traçarmos as bases dessa compreensão, neste artigo, apresentamos as práticas de acolhida em São Francisco de Assis e Madre Madalena Daemen. Discutiremos binômios conceituais acerca do ouvir e escutar e da simpatia e empatia, como práticas associadas (...) à acolhida. Após isso, apresentaremos o fundamento do encontro na tradição franciscana pensada em termos de relação como constituinte da pessoa. (shrink)