El presente trabajo analiza la (in)visibilización de los colectivos en especial situación de vulnerabilidad en las principales medidas diseñadas para abordar y controlar la pandemia por COVID-19, con especial referencia a las principales recomendaciones de los órganos de protección de los derechos humanos. Asimismo, indaga en cómo estas medidas pueden constituir un factor que potencie los obstáculos para el ejercicio de los derechos y enuncia las oportunidades que la pandemia puede abrir para configurar una mayor protección de las personas y (...) su dignidad. (shrink)

La presente ponencia analiza las relaciones de opresión, en los términos de I. M. YOUNG, que se generan a partir de las principales disposiciones del Sistema de Pensiones chileno establecido por el Decreto Ley 3.500, de 1980 y la Ley Nº 20.255, de 2008, el cual al basarse en estereotipos de género, produce graves consecuencias para las mujeres en materia de pensiones al no abordar las estructuras que asignan a las mujeres determinadas tareas en la sociedad, repercute en el monto (...) de sus pensiones y las somete a condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad en relación con los hombres. (shrink)

"La filosofía en Puerto Rico: los transterrados reúne varios estudios sobre filófofos extranjeros que en algún momento decidieron compartir su vida, su enseñanza y sus trabajos académicos con los habitantes de esta bella y hospitalaria Isla de Puerto Rico. La presente es una obra en la cual han colaborado varios autores: Manfre Kerkhoff, Antonio Mansilla Triviño, Juan José Sánchez, Luis Ramírez, José Rivera y Carlos Rojas Osorio, quien estuvo a cargo la iniciativa, el plan de la obra y (...) la edición."--Cubierta. (shrink)

El presente documento tiene como propósito establecer, a partir de la revisión del concepto “Tecnociencia”, la formulación del concepto “Tecnociencia Geoestratégica”; el cual, permite contextualizar la comprensión filo-sófico-científica, del papel de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI), en el marco de las relaciones internacionales entre países y entre estos con las corporaciones privadas en los comienzos del siglo XXI, en el campo de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS). El artículo concluye, a partir de la Tecnociencia Geoestra-tégica, que los (...) estudios actuales de filosofía de la ciencia y de la tecnología, necesitan vincular las relaciones geoestratégicas entre los distintos países, considerados como potencias, habida cuenta de la integración de la práctica de la investigación entre ciencias, tecnologías e innovación, en un complejo de producción mega industrial, que articula el conocimiento científico y tecnológico con la innovación de bienes y servicios, en la dinámica de la producción económica corporativa, los sistemas nacionales de defensa y las relaciones jurídico-políticas internacionales entre los Estados, entre otro elevado número de vínculos que también se analizan. (shrink)

Perú es indiscutiblemente un país multilingüe, con 48 lenguas habladas en diferentes grados de uso y dominio. En Ayacucho, uno de los departamentos de Perú, se hablan tanto el quechua como el español, lo que resulta en un alto grado de bilingüismo en la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estrategia de la gramática contrastiva quechua-castellano en los niveles fonológicos, morfológicos, sintácticos y semánticos en la población de Ayacucho. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo y se (...) utilizaron técnicas de entrevista y revisión documental. Los resultados indican que la gramática contrastiva entre el quechua y el castellano a nivel fonológico, morfológico, sintáctico y semántico es altamente efectiva para el aprendizaje tanto de la primera como de la segunda lengua. (shrink)

Objective: To assess the impact of Khan Academy on the Mathematics educational process for UNDAC students and determine the relevance and efficacy of its content and strategies within the Mathematics-Physics program. Methodology: This research is framed within the positivist paradigm and takes on a quantitative approach. An experimental pre-experimental design was used with pretest and posttest in a single group. The study is applied in nature and is grounded in the contributions of expert researchers and methodologists on the subject. Analytical (...) tools were developed with a reliability coefficient of 0.90, and the investigated population consisted of students from the Mathematics-Physics program at UNDAC. Results: Students who incorporated Khan Academy exhibited significant improvements in their mathematical performance. Persistence in using the platform led to significant enhancements in academic achievement. 70 % of the students reached high levels of mathematical skill development. The majority expressed high satisfaction with the platform. Conclusions: Khan Academy has a meaningful and positive impact on mathematics learning among university students at UNDAC. The platform not only promotes content mastery but also fosters learning autonomy. These findings advocate for the adoption of innovative educational technologies in teaching, especially within STEM disciplines. (shrink)

A fines del año 2015 la firma Rasic Hermanos, una de las productoras avícolas más grandes de la Argentina, paraliza totalmente su producción dejando a todos sus empleados en la calle y adeudando varios meses de sueldo. Estos deciden cortar la autopista Ricchieri en espera de respuestas por parte de la empresa y el gobierno. Mientras el conflicto se desarrolla, una enorme cantidad de animales quedan encerrados sin alimento ni agua y la jueza a cargo de la causa decide tomarse (...) un mes para resolver su situación. Este trabajo se propone analizar la construcción de representaciones especistas en un corpus de notas periodísticas de publicación digital. Para la consecución del análisis trabajaremos sobre dos notas publicadas en el diario Clarín, una nota aparecida en el diario Página 12 y un editorial publicado por la ONG Voicot en su página de Facebook. Partiremos de la hipótesis de que las representaciones especistas están tan arraigadas en el discurso mediático que ni siquiera generan una justificación para su existencia, borrando todo elemento que permita considerar a los animales no humanos como seres vivientes. El análisis se inscribirá dentro del marco teórico del Análisis Crítico del Discurso desde una perspectiva de análisis multimodal, adoptando la propuesta de la Lingüística Crítica para la asignación de papeles temáticos y descripción de procesos en el material verbal, junto con los elementos sistematizados por Kress y van Leeuwen para el análisis de imágenes. (shrink)

Mucho ha cambiado desde la trágica experiencia de la batalla de Solferino en 1859, retratada por Dunant en su clásica memoria publicada en 1862 la cual motivó el origen de la Cruz Roja, cuyo sistema global ha crecido de manera exponencial desde entonces y ha contribuido a la elaboración y evolución del derecho de la guerra.

Currently, students in basic secondary school in Colombia have a low performance in reading comprehension at the inferential level. This pedagogical proposal aimed to strengthen the level of inferential reading of students who attend elementary school, through the application of a didactic sequence from the cognitive-discursive perspective. Theoretically, the concepts proposed by Cisneros, Olave and Rojas regarding four types of inferences were assumed. Likewise, the theoretical orientations of Van Dijk (1978), Solé (1992) and Martínez (2002) were taken into account (...) to support the cognitive-discursive perspective adopted in the study. Methodologically, the qualitative approach was used with the action research method, and techniques such as observation, questionnaire, field diary and didactic sequence were used. In relation to the results, it is evident that the participants in the closing questionnaire increased significantly compared to the four types of inference evaluated, thus demonstrating greater interpretation when facing the texts. (shrink)

This article examines four characters from the novel Hombres by Eugenio González in order to reveal the identities of those people who were an inspiration for the narrator to shape the fiction in novel. Since Hombres is placed temporarily in Carlos Ibáñez’s dictatorship, the narrator decides to hide the poet Gómez Rojas, the union leader Luis Triviño, Dr. Juan Gandulfo and the lawyer Carlos Vicuña between the pages of the book. This narrative procedure keeps these people’s identities safe; (...) considering that, making these names and activities evident would have represented a problem for the state security apparatus. (shrink)

The "red note" - also known as "police information" - is the journalistic genre that covers bloody facts. The raw material of this sensationalist branch of the press are accidents, murders, robberies, lynchings, rape, acts of torture, and other events that violate daily life. Since the 19th century, the "red note" has had an important place in the Mexican press. Vicente Riva Palacio's Red Book, based on violent historical events, is a classic in the national bibliography of that century; the (...) engravers Manuel Alfonso Manilla and José Guadalupe Posada illustrated dozens of leaflets with news about bandits, crimes and shootings; In the twentieth century, notable narrators such as Víctor Ronquillo and Rolo Díaz worked for years at the police source; likewise, some of Mexico's great photographers made a career in this section, including Adrián Devars and Enrique el NiñoMetinides; his school finds important followers in photojournalists such as Pedro Valtierra, Fernando Brito and the team of the newspaper La Jornada. The stories that this journalistic genre gathers intersect with the history of the nation and include episodes that range from the murder of the Dongo family in 1789 to the massacre of migrants in San Fernando, Tamaulipas, in 2010; from the Gray Car Band to organized crime; of the shooting of Maximiliano de Habsburgo in the Hill of the Bells in 1867 to the murder of Luis Donaldo Colosio in Lomas Taurinas, Tijuana, in 1994. Carlos Monsiváis was a scholar of the subject and in his book The Thousand and One Watchmen he wrote: Alarmed and pleased, the crowds stop as before a shop window: there at your fingertips the endowment of rivers of blood, betrayals, iniquities, perversions, robberies. At the beginning of the 21st century, in Mexico, the genre has a larger presence than ever. In 2010, the writer explains the phenomenon: In 15 years, the biggest change is the fierce emergency, at times militarized, of drug trafficking, which radically modifies the meaning of the "red note" and transfers it almost daily to the altar of eight columns. The singularity of murders and murderers disappears, and the massive scale of crime also dehumanizes on a similar scale. The collection of the Museo del Estanquillo houses numerous publications, prints, models, photographs, flyers and memorabilia related to the "red note", as well as a considerable number of vintage photographs of Metinides that some researchers considered lost. In the archive of collector Pedro Barrios and other collectors, friends of the museum, as well as in the work of contemporary artists, we find the works that make up this exhibition. In these dark times, in which the "red note" has left the inside pages and become a front page issue, it is important to meditate on violence in our country. This visual chronicle of the history of the "red note" in Mexico seeks to contribute to this reflection. (shrink)

By considering the position of education as a pharmakon, highlighting its potential positive and negative effects on societies by its technical unfolding, the article proposes to explore the political and pedagogical role that public and collective performances can have within the public sphere as political devices for promoting and enacting radical democracy. To this end, it analyzes a contemporary collaborative artistic practice, the performance ‘Un Violador en Tu Camino’ (‘A rapist in your path’) by the feminist collective LASTESIS from Chile, (...) through two main philosophical perspectives: Bernard Stiegler (1952 – 2020), and his approach to technology, to art, and education in human societies; and Oliver Marchart, coming from his conceptualization of art and activism through the notion of conflictual aesthetics. (shrink)

In the 1720s two Jesuit astronomers working at the court of King João V of Portugal, in Lisbon, received several instruments produced by the best makers in London, Paris and Rome. With the crucial help of the Portuguese diplomatic network contacts with academies, savants and instrument makers were established, seeking technical advice and the best astronomical instruments available at the time. It was in this context that in April 1726 a set of Latin instructions accompanying pendulum clocks made by George (...) Graham were dispatched from London to Lisbon. These unpublished instructions are now preserved in the papers of Giovanni Battista Carbone, one of these Jesuit astronomers, offering a significant window into the procedures and technical details involved in the setting, operation and transport of Graham’s astronomical clocks. In this paper, I will not only discuss this important document in the framework of Graham’s contributions to astronomy and horology, but also in the perspective of the search for accuracy. (shrink)

The Epistemological Turn of the Twentieth Century’s Legal Positivism This article analyses the essential changes in the positivist law theory from its modern origins, usually remitted to Hobbes, Bentham and Austin, to the positivism of Kelsen and Hart. It is argued that a crucial epistemological break can be noticed, revealed in the most analytic-rationalistic character of Kelsen and Hart’s elaborations, compared to the more facts-descriptive style of their predecessors. Rationalism in Kelsen and Hart may explain the conventional character of the (...) basic norm and the rule of recognition, validity only formally, and the difficulty of accounting for the formal and substantive components. The change can be associated with Kelsen and Hart’s intellectual context, particularly Hume’s ‘guillotine’, the influences of logical positivism and neo-Kantian schools. This turn should not be overlooked since it casts doubts on the usual speaking of Kelsen and Hart’s legal positivism in the descriptive sense of nineteenth-century philosophers, with relevant consequences for thinking of law. (shrink)

Este texto interroga acerca do nosso modo de vida a partir da pandemia do Sars-Cov-2 com o intuito de refletir sobre como interagimos com os outros humanos e não-humanos. Para isso temos como referência Obaluayê, o Orixá da cura, em diálogo com alguns pensadores que problematizaram a vivência humana nesse atual período. Portanto é um texto propositivo com base na interrogação se as chagas que nos acompanham propiciam outras experiências no mundo?

Este artigo relaciona filosofia e samba com o intuito de compreender a prerrogativa do ócio para o ato de filosofar como insuficiente para articular os diversos movimentos das corporeidades. Com base na filosofia afro-brasileira, nós utilizamos como recurso as letras de samba que revelam uma resistência e história cultural das periferias cariocas. Nesse caminho tentamos responder: é possível ensinar filosofia contra o ócio? Uma pergunta que justamente convida a rompermos com a ideia cristalizada de fazer filosofia num predomínio cognitivista e (...) com métodos pré-determinados. Nisso propomos a invenção com meio para cada aula, semestre, curso uma metodologia para o seu ensino, a qual está consolidada pela circularidade de afetos, pois assim a horizontalidade se mostra para as pessoas como uma experiência do pensamento filosófico tal como um corpo no samba. (shrink)

Este ensaio tratará da singularidade da Filosofia Africana no Brasil como um discurso em “pretuguês”. Para ilustrar esse discurso, partimos da narrativa akan de Kwaku Ananse e expomos como as diferentes temáticas compõem uma teia tal como uma troca de argumentações entre as dimensões da história, da política e da cultura. Essa composição é suscitada pela diáspora africana, interpretada aqui como um elemento provocador de uma percepção outra de filosofia e de um projeto de humanidade. Por fim, este ensaio apresenta (...) como o discurso filosófico em pretuguês faz da Filosofia Africana uma experiência pluriversal e repleta de diversas vozes. (shrink)

Desde hace poco más de 250 años, y como consecuencia de la revolución industrial, la compleja y competitiva humanidad trastoca las condiciones de la biosfera de tal manera que, en nuestros días, por todas partes suenan las alarmas respecto a la destrucción de la vida: el aire y el agua se contaminan, el suelo se cubre de venenos, los océanos de plásticos y ni siquiera los lejanos e inhóspitos polos de la tierra escapan a la degradación. No sólo los científicos (...) se ocupan de reflexionar sobre tales asuntos, también los humanistas lo hacen. Al interior de la filosofía se ha venido configurando un ámbito de reflexión específico: la Ecosofía. En este ensayo revisaremos cuatro de sus versiones. (shrink)

To what extent do we depend on ourselves? The crucial point of this question, constantly asked by Maine de Biran, is that from the point of view of “spiritual life” an “explicit” answer is not really needed: the mystery of what supports us will be solved by a vertical dimension of feeling that welcomes, at the limit of a radical kind of passivity, an act of infinite love – as if one were connected to a divine Presence. In this paper (...) I will try to show in what sense “love” is, according to Biran, the fundamental principle of “spiritual life” and to what extent such a concept can help us understand the fundamental coherence of Maine de Biran’s philosophical path. (shrink)