In this article I will try to show that economic inequality, the militarization of states, hatred and violence are the main causes of most armed conflicts. By supporting my argument upon a line originated in the East, but which is not unknown in Western thought, I propose to go on researching both Gandhian pacifism and some values consciously cultivated by Buddhism, such as the value of universal compassion, which are very important to strengthen a culture of peace.

Over the past four decades, the question of the relationship between divine omniscience and human freedom has led analytic philosophy of religion to analyze medieval thought on foreknowledge. To avoid fatalism, many of them have been inspired by Luis de Molina’s doctrine of middle knowledge. Created to provide a libertarian account of how God knows future contingents, the Molinist solution has divided contemporary interpreters into two camps: those who argue that Molinism implies determinism and those who have developed new (...) analytical strategies to support Molina’s thesis. This study provides a map for moving through the debate. (shrink)

Franco Eugeni remembers Bruno Rizzi: in this brief introduction, I would like to remember an afternoon spent in “ Roma Tre ” with Bruno, since we were both Ordinary Professors at that University. We passed it doing a dense program of work for the next three years. At 6.00 pm, I left for “Roseto degli Abruzzi”. At six o'clock a.m. of the next morning, I still have the voice in my ears. A phone call from the Headmaster Ciro d'Aniello, (...) who told me " The Professor is dead" In that afternoon, Emilio Ambrisi and I went to Rome; we were stunned and desperate. Not many days later, a conference was held at the University of Teramo; it was the conference that we had prepared for Bruno, to celebrate his 60th birthday, but it was his memory. In the opening conference, Prof. Antonino Giambo, also fraternal friend of Bruno, burst into a tearful cry, which expressed in a moment, the senses of friendship and love that we all had for the missing friend! Starting from this work with Fabrizio Maturo, the study of some problems left open by the works of Eugeni and Rizzi will be investigated. Sunto Ricordo di Franco Eugeni su Bruno Rizzi: in questa brevissima introduzione vorrei ricordare un pomeriggio passato a Roma Tre con Bruno, visto che allora eravamo entrambi Professori Ordinari in quella Università. Lo passammo a fare un denso programma di lavoro per i successivi tre anni. Alle 18.00 ripartii per Roseto degli Abruzzi. Alle sei del mattino successivo, ho ancora la voce nelle orecchie, una telefonata del Preside Ciro d’Aniello, che mi diceva “ Il Professore è morto” Nel pomeriggio Emilio Ambrisi ed io ci recammo a Roma, eravamo attoniti e disperati. Non molti giorni dopo si tenne presso l’Università di Teramo un Convegno, era il Convegno che avevamo preparato per Bruno, per festeggiare i suoi 60 anni, fu invece il ricordo. Nella conferenza di apertura il prof. Antonino Giambò, anche lui, come noi, fraterno amico di Bruno, scoppiò in un pianto dirotto, che espresse in un attimo, i sensi dell’amicizia e dell’amore, che tutti noi avevamo per l’amico scomparso! A partire da questo lavoro con Fabrizio Maturo verrà approfondito lo studio di alcune problematiche rimaste aperte dai lavori di Eugeni e Rizzi. (shrink)

It is possible to find in Machiavelli an expression of the original consent to explain the origin of the political communities. This paper investigates this hypothesis in the approach of the roman political thought. With Lucretius and Cicero, it is clear the terms of the pact, covenant, consensus, and the primitivism of the difference between man and beasts, the fear and the common safety to founder the political community under the leadership of one man. The paper also debates the Aristotelian (...) premises of the political nature of man and explores some examples of the Machiavellian time, that aims to confirms the existence of the language of the Aristotelianism within the original consent. It concludes that Machiavelli does not have a substantial theory to explain the origins of the political community, because politics and its study requires the research of the cities in the historical mean. This contractual language in accordance with that Aristotelian is used as a rhetoric strategy in the beginning of the Discourses. (shrink)

Adorno's aesthetic is organized in fields of force, under which orbiting constellations of categories which reflect the truth of the managed world in the era of late capitalism. Understand the nuances of this aesthetic is preparing to reinterpret the world, so as to achieve the things forgotten by the concept. In this sense, the aesthetic becomes a way of reconnecting the human sciences with the reality, from the recovery of sensitivity troubled by the dominance of instrumental reason.

The paper contains a detailed discussion of the concepts of reflection and expressivity and attempts to exhibit their central role in the Herderian philosophy of language as well as their character as a leading thread throughout Herder’s theories of culture and history. Herder’s idea of a wide ..

Este artículo examina la jurisprudencia constitucional relativa a la legitimación en la Jurisdicción de lo Contencioso-Administrativa, en general, y sobre la legitimación de las asociaciones, particularmente, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de esta cuestión para la protección de los derechos constitucionales y la protección de los intereses colectivos. El autor, recordando que la legitimación activa plazo es la capacidad de una parte para demostrar a la corte que existe una vinculación suficiente con el objeto procesal a fin de justificar su (...) participación en el caso (algo que perder, algo para ganar), las notas el papel del Tribunal Constitucional español en subrayar que la legitimación activa debe interpretarse en sentido amplio, en contraste con otra sentencia más restrictivas en la jurisprudencia administrativa. La interpretación amplia de la legitimidad está estrechamente vinculada no solo con los derechos de acceso a la justicia (especialmente intensa cuando se determina la imposibilidad de obtener una respuesta judicial inicial) y el derecho constitucional a la tutela judicial efectiva, sino también para controlar judicial efectiva y la acción firme de la Administración con arreglo a Derecho por los tribunales, lo que permite combatir las prácticas corruptas y los casos de abuso del poder público. En resumen, la interpretación amplia de legitimación es la mejor solución contra los conceptos anticuados que impiden el acceso a la justicia. (shrink)

The article explores the moral conflict between individual animal rights and the value of species conservation, using the culling of kangaroos to save earless dragons in Australia as a case study. The author argues that species do not possess nonderivative final value and thus cannot justify the infringement of individual rights. While recognizing the instrumental and contributory value of species, the paper rejects philosophical arguments that claim species have nonderivative value, such as the replication argument and the last person argument. (...) The author concludes that while there are important conservation duties, they should not violate individual rights, as exemplified by the kangaroo culling practice, which must be abolished. (shrink)

El artículo indaga y compara diferentes posturas que se tiene sobre la informalidad comercial en Latinoamérica, en donde se realiza una revisión detallada y analítica de este fenómeno; que se define como el conjunto de actividades comerciales no reguladas, que en estos países desborda la institucionalidad, generando un deterioro de la estructura social, económica, política e inclusive humana. Estas dificultades tienen su origen en una serie de situaciones como la pobreza, el desempleo, el desplazamiento, la migración, el analfabetismo, entre otros; (...) las cuales son importantes conocer y analizar a fin de generar soluciones reales a estas profundas dificultades. (shrink)

Tomando como punto de partida el artículo 27.7 de la Constitución Española, que reconoce expresamente que "los profesores, los padres y, en su caso, los alumnos intervendrán en el control y gestión de todos los Centros sostenidos por la Administración con fondos públicos, en los términos que la ley establezca", nuestro sistema jurídico educativo ha venido estableciendo un marco de actuación de los conocidos Consejos Escolares de los Centros, marco que lejos de haber permanecido inalterado desde la Ley Orgánica reguladora (...) del Derecho a la Educación (19885), he evolucionado llamativamente con el transcurso de los años, a través de las sucesivas Leyes orgánicas: Ley Orgánica de Participación, Evaluación y Gobierno de los Centros (LOPEG, 1995), Ley Orgánica de Calidad de la Educación (LOCE, 2002) y Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE, 2006. (shrink)

Suprastate policy formation in such bodies as the WTO remains fundamentally exclusive of individuals within states. This article critiques the "don't kill the goose" arguments commonly offered in defense of such exclusions.

The essays in this volume investigate the norms of reason--the standards which contribute to determining whether beliefs, inferences, and actions are rational. Nine philosophers and two psychologists discuss what kinds of things these norms are, how they can be situated within the natural world, and what role they play in the psychological explanation of belief and action. Current work in the theory of rationality is subject to very diverse influences ranging from experimental and theoretical psychology, through philosophy of logic and (...) language, to metaethics and the theory of practical reasoning; this range is well represented here. (shrink)

O problema da felicidade é recorrente nos tratados sobre Ética da Antiguidade. Os medievais defrontam-se com eles ao escreverem seus próprios textos. Neste trabalho procura-se analisar a forma como Tomás de Aquino e Boécio de Dácia, ao produzirem textos não teológicos, incorporam a seus tratados as obras antigas, principalmente de Aristóteles e Severino Boécio.

Recent years have seen a remarkable resurgence in rigorous thought on global government by leading thinkers in international relations, economics, and political theory. Not since the immediate post-World War II period have so many scholars given serious attention to possibilities for global political integration.This book will be of interest to students of international relations, political theory, international economics, secuity and gender studies. It pulls together some of the leading current thinkers on global government into a conversation about provocative global institutional (...) visions. Chapters here explore whether a world state should be viewed as inevitable, ways in which global moral and political communities might be sustained, and reasons to reject world government in favor of improvements to governance in the United Nations and other institutions. (shrink)

El cultivo de la filosofía, particularmente el de la metafísica, constituye el fin último del hombre y cuyo acto tiene por objeto la contemplación de Dios ut auctornaturae. Ahora bien, la Revelación cristiana introduce dos factores determinantes que modificaron la condición pura de nuestra naturaleza: la elevación al orden sobrenatural y la intromisión del pecado original. De allí que, por un lado, el fin último del hombre consistirá en la visión sobrenatural de Dios ut auctor gratiae y, por otro, la (...) necesidad de la gracia sanadora y elevadora para llegar a esa visión. No obstante, Santiago Ramírez siguiendo a Santo Tomás de Aquino, explicará que el hombre actual –es decir, caído por el pecado– es impotente incluso para alcanzar su fin connatural sin la ayuda de la gracia. (shrink)

El presente artículo recupera los argumentos de Agamben respecto del infundamento del derecho, la violencia que le es intrínseca y la centralidad de la ficción en los dos primeros volúmenes de Homo sacer, _El poder soberano y la nuda vida_, _Estado de excepción_. A su vez, estudia la potencia diagnóstica de la apropiación que hace Agamben de las tesis de Schmitt, así como la crítica que despliega a sus límites teóricos desde Benjamin.

The present paper intends to place “Lo que queda de Auschwitz” in the Homo Sacer’s proyect started by Giorgio Agamben in 1995. In order to do so, we must point out, in the first place, the need of understanding this proyect as a political ontology, then the relation between this proyect and the philosophy of language of his youth, along with its ethical claims, and, finally, we must identify some of his fundamental moves, as the formation of ontological categories created (...) from historical figures which are able to show the “arcanum imperii” of the political system to which they belong. As a result, the paper shows the metaphysical foundation of the analysis of the subject carried out in “Lo que queda de Auschwitz”, and the way it affects the author’s ideas on ethics, leading to a open way to critics and posible reformulations. (shrink)

In this paper I attempt at drawing a philosophical picture about Cicero's ideas on after death survival. In spite of the fact that this issue has not been paid much attention in contemporary discussion, it deserves consideration because of its great humanistic value.

Este artículo reseña: Oscar PÉREZ DE LA FUENTE, Odio, minorías y libertad de expresión.

El pensamiento español contemporáneo.--España ante la idea sociológica del Estado.--Supervivencias de la Iberia primitiva en la España contemporánea.

This paper defends the view that a correct analysis of knowledge must take empirical data into consideration. The data here provided is from experimental psychology, namely from phenomena involving unconscious cognition.

Este ensayo aborda una interpretación de la violencia, la criminalidad y la corrupción en la sociedad, a partir del estudio de un cúmulo de fuentes de diversa índole, y del análisis crítico de las interpretaciones vigentes. Por ello, se discuten, con cierto detalle, los efectos perniciosos del predominio del platonismo en la interpretación de dichas fuentes, y se propone, de la mano de Nietzsche y del pensamiento evolucionista, un abordaje del problema, que, apoyado en la perspectiva del platonismo invertido planteado (...) por el filósofo, concibe la sociedad como un ecosistema, esto es, un sistema vivo, donde cada individuo debe enfrentar el reto de sobrevivir, arreglándoselas para obtener recursos que aseguren su existencia. Así, hemos identificado diferentes modos de supervivencia y los hemos clasificado en tres categorías: 1) generadores (creadores-productores); 2) saqueadores (parásitos, predadores y oportunistas) y, 3) simbiontes (mutualistas y leoninos). (shrink)