En este trabajo analizaremos algunos aspectos involucrados en el concepto de demostración matemática. Comenzaremos con la descripción de Enderton, sobre los requisitos que una demostración debe cumplir, estas son convicción final, finitud y verificabilidad algorítmica, para luego analizar las objeciones que Chateaubriand hace al respecto, y señalar algunas discrepancias con sus planteos. Estas discrepancias no pretenden apoyar la perspectiva de Enderton. En una segunda instancia, procuraremos observar algunas dificultades que surgen, cuando queremos determinar lo que es una demostración. Si bien (...) el concepto de demostración puede ser analizado desde diversas perspectivas, teniendo en cuenta sus múltiples dimensiones, por ejemplo su dimensión retórica, ontológica, me concentrare fundamentalmente en su aspecto epistémico.In this paper I analyze some aspects involved in the concept of mathematical proof. I begin with Enderton’s description of the requirements that a proof must fulfill, namely, a final conviction, finitude and algorithmic verifiability, and then analyze the objections that Chateaubriand raises on this topic, and indicate some discrepancies in his exposition. These discrepancies are not meant as an argument for Enderton’s perspective. Although the concept of proof can be analyzed from different perspectives, i.e., taking into account its several different dimensions, for example its rhetorical, ontological dimension, I will concentrate fundamentally on its epistemic dimension. (shrink)

L'A. de cette étude analyse des textes inédits d'Hilaire de Poitiers où ce dernier parle de la réciprocité des relations trinitaires et de la mutuelle «interdépendance» du Père et du Fils. Il montre que l'insistance sur les relations originaires et sur les processions divines ne signifient pas nécessairement l'infériorité du Fils, et que si celui-ci n'existe qu'en totale référence au Père, de même ce dernier se réfère au Fils et ne peut exister sans lui.

We point out the need to clarify some of the ideas related to the connection between development and sustainability in the Report of the Open Working Group of the General Assembly on Sustainable Development. In particular, the meaning of ‘sustainable’ is not clear when applied to specific areas of human activity. A more detailed explanation of the kind of equality sought for in the proposal is also needed. Because of potential conflicts between goals, we miss some considerations on the impact (...) of population increase both on development and on sustainability. A distinction is made here between two kinds of goals included in the Report. Some of the proposed 17 goals can then be seen as ends in themselves, whereas others seem to be means for the first set. The two sets thereby established should be seen in theory and dealt with in practice in a differentiated manner. (shrink)

The article deals with the constitution of a «historical people» in the conference munity that underlie to the interpretations of works of art in the conference are examined, pointing out the relationship of both with two types of different communities. In turn, they also constituted the images of ideal community of nacionalsocialism in power. This coincidence shows a deep agreement of Heidegger with governing nacionalsocialism different from a mere adhesion to the party. In this way, it is shown the parallel (...) of the question about the «new beginning» looked for by Heidegger starting from the Kehre and his political commitment for those years. (shrink)

Nos ocupamos aquí de cómo se produce y comprende la publicidad del espacio público y de cómo dicha producción y comprensión repercute normativa y performativamente sobre los usuarios de aquel. El enfoque que hemos escogido pretende comentar estos aspectos con la ayuda de las etnografías que se han venido realizando en los últimos tiempos sobre el cruising, por cuanto esta actividad, que implica una apropiación furtiva de determinados espacios públicos para el desarrollo de actividades sexuales anónimas entre hombres, ofrece un (...) observatorio privilegiado del desfase entre el espacio público como dispositivo performativo y los agentes, que no siempre son meramente moldeados por tales dispositivos. Encontramos en esta práctica una ventana privilegiada para el análisis de la forma en que lo público y lo privado son construidos espacial y conceptualmente en la dialéctica entre marcos morales y prácticas subjetivas. (shrink)

The goal of this article is to discuss several critical positions published recently in academic journals on the book The order of ‘Capital’, which aim is to lay the foundations for a republican reading of Marx’s major work. The core of the argument focuses against any attempt to derive normative proposals from scientific discoveries. From here, clarifying some key concepts and positions of the republican tradition is a necessary condition in order to show the close solidarity between Marx and Kant (...) about the formal and institutional conditions of any possible theory of justice. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the methodical disclosure of the lowest level of the constitution of time in Husserl’s phenomenology of time (especially in the C-Manuscripts), following this leading question: is it at all possible to disclose phenomenologically the primal-phenomenal constituting stream of consciousness? First, I address the different levels of constitution in order to focus on the ultimate level. Second, I analyse the “intentionality” of the primal-stream, by means of differentiating it from act-intentionality. Third, I outline the methodical function of (...) the reduction and of the phenomenologizing ego. Fourth, I present Abbau as the methodical possibility of reaching primal-phenomenality. Fifth, I address the problem of grasping the primal-phenomenal dimension in its originality. I will argue that we can grasp this fundamental dimension by means of a “phenomenological deconstruction” of constituted experience and at the same time by putting this dimension in an intentional relationship with the phenomenologizing ego. (shrink)

This interdisciplinary book brings together theoretical and empirical contributions from marketing and economic sociologists to analyse and develop novel ...

El pensamiento español contemporáneo.--España ante la idea sociológica del Estado.--Supervivencias de la Iberia primitiva en la España contemporánea.

This work is a self-contained elementary exposition of the theory of recursive functionals, that also includes a number of advanced results.

Adorno's aesthetic is organized in fields of force, under which orbiting constellations of categories which reflect the truth of the managed world in the era of late capitalism. Understand the nuances of this aesthetic is preparing to reinterpret the world, so as to achieve the things forgotten by the concept. In this sense, the aesthetic becomes a way of reconnecting the human sciences with the reality, from the recovery of sensitivity troubled by the dominance of instrumental reason.

A partir de uma análise dialética das forças e fraquezas da teoria da justiça de Rawls, propomos uma teoria estética da justiça, de forte acento civil-republicano, na qual razão e sensibilidade se articulam para preencher o conceito abstrato de cidadania com o conteúdo histórico do cidadão real, que carrega as dores do mundo da vida. Como resultado temos que a ideia de cidadania não se sustenta sem a participação concreta do cidadão na discussão, deliberação e definição dos negócios públicos.

El objetivo de este trabajo es ensayar una explicación e interpretación de la introducción “Répétition et différence” de _Différence et répétition_ de Gilles Deleuze. Parte de la hipótesis de que es una pieza de un conjunto no desarrollado de filosofía moral. Esta pieza aborda cuatro elementos: conducta, ley, concepto y sujeto morales. El análisis detallado muestra que Deleuze esboza un programa de investigación de la acción moral que se inspira, como punto de partida, en el kantismo, y culmina en una (...) doble propuesta: acercamiento de la acción moral a la acción estética y ética de la potencia. Los resultados apuntan a una génesis artística del sujeto moral actual. (shrink)

Prokaryotic genomes of endosymbionts and parasites are examples of naturally evolved minimal cells, the study of which can shed light on life in its minimum form. Their diverse biology, their lack of a large set of orthologous genes and the existence of essential linage (and environmentally) specific genes all illustrate the diversity of genes building up naturally evolved minimal cells. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that sometimes the same essential function is performed by genes from different evolutionary origins. (...) Nevertheless, all cells perform a set of life‐essential functions however different their cell machinery and environment in which they thrive. An upcoming challenge for biologists will be to discern, by studying differences and similarities in current biodiversity, how cells with reduced genomes have adapted while retaining all basic life‐supporting functions. (shrink)

Comparing the relative sensitivity of direct and indirect measures of learning is proposed as the best way to provide evidence for unconscious learning when both conceptual and operative definitions of awareness are lacking. This approach was first proposed by Reingold & Merikle (1988) in the context of subliminal perception. In this paper, we apply it to a choice reaction time task in which the material is generated based on a probabilistic finite-state grammar (Cleeremans, 1993). We show (1) that participants progressively (...) learn about the statistical structure of the stimulus material over training with the choice reaction time task, and (2) that they can use some of this knowledge to predict the location of the next stimulus in a subsequent “generation” task. However, detailed partial correlational analyses of the correspondence between performance during the reaction time task and the statistical structure of the training material showed that large effects remained even when controlling for explicit knowledge as assessed by the generation task. Hence we conclude (1) that at least some of the knowledge expressed through reaction time performance can not be characterized as conscious, and (2) that even when associations are found at a global level of analysis, dissociations can still be obtained when more detailed analyses are conducted. Finally, we also show that participants are limited in the depth of the contingencies they can learn about, and that these limitations are shared by the Simple Recurrent Network model of Cleeremans & McClelland (1991). (shrink)