Polypeptide growth factors (mitogens) which stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells also rapidly activate transmembrane ion transport systems. The mitogen‐induced Na+ influx is due to the activation of a Na+/H+ antiport. Recent methodological developments allow, for the first time, precise measurements of the factors that control activation of the Na+/H+ antiport by these agents, and provide the tools needed to assess the physiological significance of this exchange mechanism.

In this paper, I offer two counterexamples to the so-called ‘Uniqueness Thesis.’ As one of these examples rely on the thesis that it is possible for a justified belief to be based on an inconsistent body of evidence, I also offer reasons for this further thesis. On the assumption that doxastic justification entails propositional justification, the counterexamples seem to work.

Cosmopolitanism is said by many critics to be arrogant. In emphasizing universal principles and granting no fundamental moral significance to national or other group belonging, it wrongly treats those making non-universalist claims as not authorized to speak, while treating those in non-Western societies as not qualified. This book works to address such objections. It does so in part by engaging the work of B.R. Ambedkar, architect of India's 1950 Constitution and revered champion of the country's Dalits (formerly "untouchables"). Ambedkar cited (...) universal principles of equality and rights in confronting domestic exclusions and the "arrogance" of caste. He sought to advance forms of political humility, or the affirmation of equal standing within political institutions and openness to input and challenge within them. This book examines how an "institutional global citizenship" approach to cosmopolitanism could similarly advance political humility, in supporting the development of input and challenge mechanisms beyond the state. It employs a grounded normative theory method, taking insights for the model from field research among Dalit activists pressing for domestic reforms through the UN human rights regime, and from their critics in the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. Insights also are taken from Turkish protesters challenging a rising domestic authoritarianism, and from UK Independence Party members demanding "Brexit" from the European Union-in part because of possibilities that predominantly Muslim Turkey will join. Overall, it is shown, an appropriately configured institutional cosmopolitanism should orient fundamentally to political humility rather than arrogance, while holding significant potential for advancing global rights protections and more equitable rights specifications. (shrink)

The representational nature of human cognition and thought in general has been a source of controversies. This is particularly so in the context of studies of unconscious cognition, in which representations tend to be ontologically and structurally segregated with regard to their conscious status. However, it appears evolutionarily and developmentally unwarranted to posit such segregations, as,otherwise, artifact structures and ontologies must be concocted to explain them from the viewpoint of the human cognitive architecture. Here, from a by-and-large Classical cognitivist viewpoint, (...) I show why this segregation is wrong, and elaborate on the need to postulate an ontological and structural continuity between unconscious and conscious representations. Specifically, I hypothesize that this continuity is to be found in the symbolic-based interplay between the syntax and the semantics of thought, and I propose a model of human information processing characterized by the integration of syntactic and semantic representations. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda las consideraciones de la alteridad del otro en las elaboraciones tempranas de Heidegger. Entendidas como condición de posibilidad para un abordaje propio de las cuestiones éticas, aquí analizamos tensiones y limitaciones en la tematización del otro, con el objetivo de dar cuenta de la transición hacia una comprensión radical de la alteridad en sus trabajos posteriores a 1930, más allá de las limitaciones antropológicas y subjetivas de las elaboraciones de Husserl. Para dar cuenta de ello, en (...) primer lugar, analizamos los tratamientos respectivos en la fenomenología de Husserl, poniendo énfasis en los límites de su enfoque. En segundo lugar, abordamos las elaboraciones en torno a la alteridad del otro en los trabajos de Heidegger, para dilucidar el carácter transicional de la comprensión de base, a partir de sus desplazamientos y limitaciones propias. Finalmente, circunscribimos su enfoque sobre las estructuras relacionales, destacando algunas discusiones sobre implicancias éticas. De este modo, nos proponemos dar cuenta del carácter fronterizo de una comprensión filosófica del otro, en su empuje hacia su radicalización en el pensamiento contemporáneo. (shrink)

This paper studies the possible influences on Boole's logic of the writings related to the controversy over the quantification of the predicate between the philosopher William Hamilton and the mathematician Augustus De Morgan. As Boole himself testified in the introduction to his book The mathematical analysis of logic , this controversy was the external agent that stimulated him into writing up his earlier thoughts about a new conception of logic. But in addition to the external role that was played by (...) the controversy, it seems that other kinds of influences on Boole of Hamilton's and De Morgan's ideas about logic, which were made explicit in writings related to the controversy, can also be traced. (shrink)

The traditional model of human cognition (TMHC) postulates an ontological and/or structural gap between conscious and unconscious mental representations. By and large, it sees higher-level mental processes as commonly conceptual or symbolic in nature and therefore conscious, whereas unconscious, lower-level representations are conceived as non-conceptual or sub-symbolic. However, experimental evidence belies this model, suggesting that higher-level mental processes can be, and often are, carried out in a wholly unconscious way and/or without conceptual representations, and that these can be processed unconsciously. (...) This entails that the TMHC, as well as the theories on mental representation it motivates and that in turn support it, is wrong. (shrink)

En este trabajo indagaremos en torno al estatuto de la acción y la praxis en la obra de Heidegger a partir de un análisis de la figura del despertar relativa al aburrimiento profundo, en su trabajo de 1929-1930. Con ello, buscaremos demostrar que las implicancias relativas al actuar, pensar y filosofar allí expuestas, permiten cotejar continuidades y diferencias de tipo fronterizo tanto con sus elaboraciones anteriores, como respecto a su perspectiva posterior a la kehre. Para dar cuenta de ello, primero (...) abordaremos aspectos fundamentales de su interpretación de la filosofía práctica aristotélica y sus reelaboraciones hasta Sein und Zeit. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo nos detendremos en un análisis y reconstrucción de las relaciones entre singularización y tiempo, respecto de sus especificaciones en torno al instante, a partir de una relación entre las elaboraciones de Heidegger en _Sein und Zeit_ y su curso de 1929-1930. En ese marco, nos proponemos demostrar que sus consideraciones en torno a la relación dinámica Dasein-temporeidad-singularización profundizan la comprensión de fondo en la que se articulan, a partir de un cambio de acento que permite precisar (...) con mayor claridad el concepto relacional de Dasein frente a las perspectivas subjetivistas tradicionales. De esta manera, buscamos desarrollar las relaciones entre singularización-tiempo en la obra de Heidegger y cotejar desde allí las condiciones para un marco interpretativo y recepción acorde al marco comprensivo de su obra. (shrink)

One of the potentially most significant objections to a cosmopolitan moral approach charges an essential arrogance: cosmopolitanism disdains particularist moral insights even while – in what is said to be its most coherent form – it seeks to bind all persons within global political institutions. It is argued here that adopting a form of institutional cosmopolitanism actually helps to meet this sort of objection. An appropriately configured such approach will have a conception of equal global citizenship at its core. It (...) will seek to place individuals in relations of political humility, understood not as plain deference to competing moral claims, but as concrete recognition of the equal moral status of others. It will seek to progressively empower as actual citizen equals those whose interests are often ‘arrogantly’ neglected in the current system, and to multiply mechanisms of input and challenge for them over time. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo proponemos un abordaje de las elaboraciones en torno a la singularización en la época de Sein und Zeit. Mediante un recorrido por sus consideraciones respecto al Dasein y las especificaciones sobre las dinámicas de mismidad, tanto en su carácter primario y cotidiano, como en su modalidad propia, buscaremos demostrar el carácter correlativo entre el tratamiento de la singularización en la analítica y la propia articulación discursiva de Heidegger en sus relaciones con la tradición, destacando algunas tensiones y (...) discusiones respectivas. Junto a ello, distinguiremos en qué medida estas caracterizaciones pueden condicionar la modalidad de abordaje y lectura de su obra. De esta manera, esperamos desplegar una articulación comprensiva fundamental del existente humano en vistas de sus continuidades y derivas en el pensamiento contemporáneo.In this article we propose an approach to the elaborations around the singularization at the time of Sein und Zeit. Through a tour of their considerations regarding Dasein and the specifications on the dynamics of sameness, both in their primary and daily character, and in their own modality, we will try demonstrate the correlative character between the treatment of the singularization in the analytics and the articulation itself Heidegger's discourse in his relations with tradition, highlighting some tensions and respective discussions. Along with this, we will distinguish to what extent these characterizations can condition the approach and reading modality of his work. In this way, we hope to display a fundamental comprehensive articulation of the existing human in view of its continuities and drifts in contemporary thinking. (shrink)

The following article addresses Heidegger’s considerations on tradition and philosophical legacy in two fundamental periods of his thought. I seek to demonstrate that the notion of tradition is articulated in different ways in the Sein und Zeit period and in his post-Kehre considerations. I show irreducible connections that manifest this understanding with his considerations on language and temporal dynamics. For this purpose, firstly, I analyze the destructive strategies that Heidegger deploys during the former period within the framework of his considerations (...) on history. Secondly, I address his ideas on metaphysics and their consequences in works published after 1930. Finally, I distinguish some links with his ideas on language. (shrink)

“Literature and the Right to Death” is probably the most quoted of French thinker Maurice Blanchot’s texts. For decades it has been discussed by such important figures as Emmanuel Levinas, Jacques Derrida, or even the writer Paul Auster. Its importance is twofold: on the one hand, it is often considered an important gateway to Blanchot’s literary thought. On the other hand, it constitutes a substantial example of the new reception of Hegel in France after the Second World War. Although there (...) is no doubt about its Kojèvo-Hegelian inspiration and its center in what we could call “literary experience”, this article intends to explore another of its layers: its relation to the discussion around humanism and the Terror, as forgotten as it was central in France at the end of the 1940’s. We will thus try to lay the foundations for a new reading of this fundamental piece in Blanchot’s production. (shrink)

Algumas abordagens antirrepresentacionalistas da cognição têm se tornado cada vez mais populares, e muitos de seus defensores as veem como promissoras de um novo paradigma para a ciência cognitiva. Neste manuscrito, concentro-me em duas dessas abordagens para argumentar que elas não contêm uma explicação adequada das ilusões perceptuais - e que talvez não possam fornecê-la. Minha alegação é que, sem um tratamento adequado de um fenômeno perceptual tão comum, elas dificilmente podem ser vistas como parte de um novo paradigma. Começo (...) descrevendo o contexto em que essas abordagens surgiram e se desenvolveram e, na segunda parte, apresento três tratamentos de ilusões perceptuais provenientes das abordagens em questão. A terceira parte faz um desvio sobre a noção de ilusão perceptual, já que a avaliação dessas explicações das ilusões parece exigir isso. Em seguida, a quarta parte é dedicada à avaliação dessas explicações das ilusões, discutindo a introdução da linguagem normativa, o apelo a noções como propriedade “dependente da situação” e se uma definição proposta de ilusão se ajusta à nossa compreensão atual delas, bem como a rejeição de inferências de comportamento inadequado que parecem abdutivamente legítimas. Argumento que esses relatos de ilusões perceptuais não atingem seu objetivo. Traduzido com a versão gratuita do tradutor - DeepL.com. (shrink)

Existe un consenso general en torno a la condena de los textos de Foucault sobre la revolución iraní, a los que se considera un error manifiesto, ya sea debido a que el entusiasmo por la revolución islámica lo habría alejado imprudentemente de sus verdaderos intereses teóricos, ya sea debido a que ellos revelan un trasfondo totalitario, ingenuo y hasta misógino de su filosofía, lo cual, por supuesto, ahorra a los comentadores un trabajo hermenéutico sobre la inserción de tales escritos en (...) una obra cuya apuesta general aún es objeto de disputa académica. En este trabajo proponemos una vía alternativa de comprensión que no toma estos textos como un error, sino como parte de un diagnóstico al que se busca echar luz a través de la dimensión del viaje, el periodismo radical y la heterotopología como elementos fundamentales de una apuesta filosófica por la alteridad. There is consensus in disapproving the journalistic articles written by Foucault about the Iranian revolution. They are considered clear mistakes. Some say that this is so because the enthusiasm of Foucault towards the Islamic revolution moved him away from his true theoretical interests; others say that what those texts reveal is a totalitarian, naive, and even misogynistic background of his philosophy. By doing this, commentators spear themselves a hermeneutical work on the incorporation of those texts into a work whose general bet remains the subject of academic discussion. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to the issue; one in which the texts are not considered a mistake but rather they are seen as part of a diagnosis that can get some light from the ideas of travel, radical journalism and heterotopology. These considered as fundamental elements of a philosophical bet on alterity. (shrink)

This article explores what enables a space to become festive. We start by reviewing how the festive has been deeply connected with play, to the point of being considered a type of play, or more generally, a type of interaction. What enables the festive is the ability to interact with the substance on which participants feast. The question we will then explore in more detail is: given a subject matter from which to build a festive occasion or space, how do (...) we go about making it happen? How do we model the festive space? It is impossible to show that there is only one way of going about enacting the festive. For this reason, it is more productive to propose a model of how to achieve such task. The model that emerges in this article proposes that dismembering the festive substance, in a participatory way, facilitates its enactment. We then examine two cases of festive enactment in different mediums: the textual feast of Julio Cortázar’s novel Hopscotch that turns the printed page into a festive space, and the making of festive theatre, including the creation of the festive play Fire ’Scapes. (shrink)

El artículo indaga y compara diferentes posturas que se tiene sobre la informalidad comercial en Latinoamérica, en donde se realiza una revisión detallada y analítica de este fenómeno; que se define como el conjunto de actividades comerciales no reguladas, que en estos países desborda la institucionalidad, generando un deterioro de la estructura social, económica, política e inclusive humana. Estas dificultades tienen su origen en una serie de situaciones como la pobreza, el desempleo, el desplazamiento, la migración, el analfabetismo, entre otros; (...) las cuales son importantes conocer y analizar a fin de generar soluciones reales a estas profundas dificultades. (shrink)

Recent years have seen a remarkable resurgence in rigorous thought on global government by leading thinkers in international relations, economics, and political theory. Not since the immediate post-World War II period have so many scholars given serious attention to possibilities for global political integration.This book will be of interest to students of international relations, political theory, international economics, secuity and gender studies. It pulls together some of the leading current thinkers on global government into a conversation about provocative global institutional (...) visions. Chapters here explore whether a world state should be viewed as inevitable, ways in which global moral and political communities might be sustained, and reasons to reject world government in favor of improvements to governance in the United Nations and other institutions. (shrink)

Volume 16, Issue 1, April 2020, Page 110-115.

Tomando como punto de partida el artículo 27.7 de la Constitución Española, que reconoce expresamente que "los profesores, los padres y, en su caso, los alumnos intervendrán en el control y gestión de todos los Centros sostenidos por la Administración con fondos públicos, en los términos que la ley establezca", nuestro sistema jurídico educativo ha venido estableciendo un marco de actuación de los conocidos Consejos Escolares de los Centros, marco que lejos de haber permanecido inalterado desde la Ley Orgánica reguladora (...) del Derecho a la Educación (19885), he evolucionado llamativamente con el transcurso de los años, a través de las sucesivas Leyes orgánicas: Ley Orgánica de Participación, Evaluación y Gobierno de los Centros (LOPEG, 1995), Ley Orgánica de Calidad de la Educación (LOCE, 2002) y Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE, 2006. (shrink)

Suprastate policy formation in such bodies as the WTO remains fundamentally exclusive of individuals within states. This article critiques the "don't kill the goose" arguments commonly offered in defense of such exclusions.

El cultivo de la filosofía, particularmente el de la metafísica, constituye el fin último del hombre y cuyo acto tiene por objeto la contemplación de Dios ut auctornaturae. Ahora bien, la Revelación cristiana introduce dos factores determinantes que modificaron la condición pura de nuestra naturaleza: la elevación al orden sobrenatural y la intromisión del pecado original. De allí que, por un lado, el fin último del hombre consistirá en la visión sobrenatural de Dios ut auctor gratiae y, por otro, la (...) necesidad de la gracia sanadora y elevadora para llegar a esa visión. No obstante, Santiago Ramírez siguiendo a Santo Tomás de Aquino, explicará que el hombre actual –es decir, caído por el pecado– es impotente incluso para alcanzar su fin connatural sin la ayuda de la gracia. (shrink)

In this paper, I intend to defend the following hypothesis: Foucault's definition of politics from 1979, i.e. the game between heterogeneous governmentalities, overdetermines the two other dimensions of the concept: the warlike or antagonistic relationship between subjects and the resistance of a form of subjectivation against a governmentality. To this end, I address the problem of the possible relationship between overdetermination and the Foucauldian concept of politics. In this sense, Laclau and Mouffe’s work and Althusser’s criticism delimit the field of (...) inquiry, although they do not exhaust it. This contrast will serve to bring to light the implications of a Foucauldian interpretation of overdetermination and thus describe Foucault’s critiques of the poststructuralist model for political thought. From this, I intend to state the fact that Mouffe’s latest writings seem to be oriented towards avoiding the risks that Foucault pointed out, bringing her reflection close to that of the French philosopher. (shrink)

What political philosophy can be reconstructed from the premises of Cartesian philosophy? Two hypotheses will be suggested in order to answer that question: 1) The political philosophy derived from Descartes’ ideas suggests a political philosophy committed to the principles of political absolutism, and 2) The key of Cartesian political philosophy lies in political theology: in that voluntarism which links the metaphysical decisionism related to the good, justice and truth with the political decisionism assumed by absolutism. Reconstructing the political philosophy in (...) Descartes will, therefore, push us to return to the theological disputes of the Baroque. (shrink)

La noción de identidad se presenta en Descartes como una idea guía que podremos ver reaparecer bajo múltiples formas en diversas etapas de la reflexión cartesiana y que se extenderá a aspectos tan diversos de su pensamiento como su teoría del conocimiento y de la ciencia, su teología o su ontología. Para él, conocer es reconstruir identidades. La segunda parte del trabajo trata de sugerir cómo la noción misma de subjetividad y de su identidad es el precipitado de discursos muy (...) diferentes y hasta contradictorios, y que es de esa suerte de heterogeneidad de contextos de donde provienen en ocasiones las paradojas y ambigiledades con las que la noción de sujeto se nos presenta en Descartes.In Descartes’ philosophy the notion of identity is a guide-idea which is extended to many aspects of bis thought, namely his theory of knowledge, theory of science, ontology or theology. Knowing br Descartes is to reconstruct identities partially faded away in the phaenomena. Furbermore, the second purpose of the paper is to suggest (bat (he notion of subjectivity and its identity is the result of different and even contradictory discourses. The ambiguity and paradox in Cartesian notion of «subject» come from the heterogeneity of those plural contexts from which it is generated. (shrink)