Cet article analyse un rapport de l’Immigrants’ Protective League à Chicago (1931) qui porte sur le paiement des pensions alimentaires dans des familles séparées par la migration. Rédigé dans le cadre d’un projet de convention internationale sur l’assistance aux étrangers indigents, ce rapport présente les différentes tactiques utilisées par les travailleuses sociales de l’organisation pour réunir les familles afin d’éviter le recours aux tribunaux. L’analyse de la mise en récit des histoires de couples et de familles montre le processus de (...) légitimation du travail social international et met en évidence les pratiques des travailleuses sociales qui s’appuient sur les émotions pour rétablir un modèle social familial fragilisé par la migration. Le document permet aussi de retracer des projets et parcours migratoires qui font face à de nombreuses contraintes administratives et législatives. (shrink)

This text attempts to list philosophical bibliographies published in all countries since about 1450, when printing was invented, through the year 1974. Nonspecialists and undergraduates will find references to the standard bibliographical aids appropriate to their interests and courses. Advanced scholars are directed to the more specialized and abstruse bibliographies.

Although historians and philosophers of science usually try to explain the acceptance or rejection of hypotheses or theories by scientists, there are no well definite criteria to evaluate when a scientist accepts or rejects a theory/hypothesis. This work proposes a new method of analysis. The attitudes of scientists towards a theory or hypothesis are classified according to three dimensions (cognitive, instrumental and strategic). This method is exemplified by the study of the attitude of the British naturalist William Bateson (1861-1924) towards (...) chromosome theory. The analysis shows that Bateson never rejected the chromosome theory – a conclusion opposite to most historical accounts. RESUMEN: Los historiadores y los filósofos de la ciencia intentan explicar la aceptación o lo rechazo de determinadas hipótesis ó teorías por los científicos, pero no hay criterios claros que nos permitan decir lo qué es aceptación o rechazo. Este trabajo propone un nuevo método de análisis. Las actitudes de los investigadores son analizadas en relación a tres dimensiones (cognitiva, instrumental y estratégica). El método es ejemplificado por el estudio de la postura del naturalista inglés William Bateson (1861-1924) frente a la teoria cromosómica. El análisis que se realizó permitió verificar que Bateson jamás rechazó la teoría cromosómica, en contrario de lo que la mayoría de los historiadores afirman. (shrink)

Michel Serres’s philosophy of entropy takes what he famously calls the ‘Northwest Passage’ between the sciences and the humanities. By contextualizing his approach to entropy and affirming the role of a philosophy of difference, this paper explores Serres’s approach by means of ‘entropic differences’. It claims that entropy – or rather, entropies – provide Serres with a paradigmatic case for critical translations between different domains of knowledge. From his early Hermès series, through to The Birth of Physics and later writings (...) on social and ethical themes, he keeps thermodynamical and informational – or ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ – understandings of entropy apart, while simultaneously exploring their relation. By focusing on the systematic significance of Serres’s ‘entropic difference’, this paper shows how it unfolds not necessarily as an ontological difference but as an operative function between the history and philosophy of science, epistemology, and a theory of negentropic (inter)subjectivity. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry (...) sector. Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web (CSRIDOW). Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Pharmacogenetics is a rapidly expanding area of research exploring the relationship between inter‐individual genetic variation and drug response, with the goal of developing genetically optimised therapies. Slippery slope arguments claim that a particular action should be rejected (or supported) because it might be the first step onto a slippery slope leading to undesirable (or desirable) consequences. In this article, several slippery slope arguments relevant to the context of pharmacogenetics are evaluated under consideration of underlying reasons for their popularity. The (...) author concludes that although the examined arguments are unconvincing as slippery slope arguments, they do matter in this context. While positive slippery slope arguments serve as a driving force to fuel the development of pharmacogenetics, their negative counterparts play an important role to sensitise policy makers and the public to potential problems. (shrink)

This paper asks whether we should still be haunted by scepticism about other minds. It draws on the writings of Cavell and Husserl to show that there is some truth in the Cartesian premise that has given rise to scepticism about other minds, namely, that our self-awareness is of a fundamentally different type from our awareness of objects and other subjects. While this leads Cavell to argue that there is a truth to scepticism, it proves the opposite to Husserl, viz. (...) that other minds scepticism is necessarily non-sensical. The paper shows why Husserl's position is more convincing than Cavell's. 1. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage fait partie de la série de publications issues du séminaire d’histoire sociale de l’ENS sur le thème des femmes et du genre dans les migrations (2002-2004) et du colloque Histoire Genre Migration tenu à Paris en mars 2006. Le « trinôme classique des sciences sociales » (p. 16) genre/migrations/marché du travail est ici abordé d’un point de vue historique à travers des études de cas principalement en Europe et en Amérique du Nord aux xixe et xxe siècles. Faisant (...) le constat d’une «... (shrink)

Première revue européenne consacrée à l’histoire de l’immigration, Migrance est éditée par Génériques, association spécialisée dans la préservation des archives publiques et privées sur l’immigration en France et en Europe. Le numéro 27 rassemble des textes croisant le thème de la construction des sexualités à celui de la migration. Une partie des articles est issue du colloque international Histoire, Genre et Migration (Mondes atlantiques, XIXe et XXe siècles) tenu à Paris en mars 2006, dont...

If the condition of prostitution manifests itself as one of the clearest instances of domination in our societies, the paths to emancipation offered to those who are its victims prove to be contradictory, ranging as they do from the disappearance of venal sexuality, considered as a practice that is intrinsically inadmissible, to its fully-fledged recognition as a trade. In fact, the demands formulated by the movements of « sex workers » prove to be vulnerable in the face of the presumption (...) of alienation, while the goal of abolishing the practice of prostitution is open to the charge of paternalism, when it fails to meet with the approval of the prostitutes themselves. The article examines these rival paradigms for the emancipation of prostitutes. The issue of the social conditions which would render possible a questioning of the domination of these paradigms is central to the article’s argument. To do so, it examines the reflections on the process of subjectification we find in the writings of Foucault and Rancière, and it sketches out a number of possible analyses drawing on the sociology of Bourdieu and that which was initiated by Boltanski. (shrink)

This paper discusses corporate entanglement, impactfulness and responsibility in the Anthropocene, amidst events and conditions that ‘uncontain’ time. It takes its direction of travel from artist Brian Jungen’s ‘Cetology’ (2002), a whalebone sculpture made out of cut-up plastic garden chairs, which conjoins the times of earth and world history, as it hangs in the air of the art gallery, ‘as if’ exhibited in the natural history museum. The paper relates ‘Cetology’s’ engagement with natural history, time, and commodification to matters of (...) corporate entanglement and responsibility within company law and governance. Problems with understanding the comparable imprint of large and multinational companies on matters, places, and communities are identified, after the domination of corporate legal frameworks over nature and the stability and perfection of economic incentives at law. The reading of this (critical-legal) situation is developed through theory and engagement with materialist and critical thinkers, who unite in their concern with distributed human–nature relations and the ‘concreteness’ that attends collisions in time, ruin and affect. Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno’s writings are central to this analysis, and strengthen the commentary on ‘natural history’ themes curated by Jungen. The paper contemplates how times’ uncontainment might invoke a change in expectation and method for the company law field, assigning contingency to the corporation and provoking a new mode of reflection about corporate entanglement and responsibility at law. (shrink)

The ability to sequence individual genomes is leading to the identification of an increasing number of genetic risk factors for serious diseases. Knowledge of these risk factors can often provide significant medical and psychological benefit, but also raises complex ethical and social issues. This paper focuses on one area of rapid progress: the identification of mutations causing long QT syndrome and other cardiac channel disorders, which can explain some previously unexplained deaths in infants (SIDS) and children and adults (SUDS) and (...) prevent others from occurring. This genetic knowledge, discovered posthumously in many cases, has implications for clinical care for surviving family members who might carry the same mutations. The information obtained from genetic testing, in the context of personal and family history, can guide individually tailored interventions that reduce risk and save lives. At the same time, obtaining and disclosing genetic information raises difficult issues about confidentiality and decision making within families. We draw on the experience of the Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cardiogenetics, which has played a leading role in the genetic diagnosis and clinical management of cardiac channel diseases, to explore some of the challenging ethical questions arising in affected families with adolescent children. We focus on the related issues of (1) family confidentiality, privacy and disclosure and (2) adolescent decision making about genetic risk, and argue for the value of interdisciplinary dialogue with affected families in resolving these issues. (shrink)

El Análisis del Discurso desempeña un papel importante en los estudios de Ciencias de la Información, no sólo como método de investigación, sino también como herramienta de reflexión que enriquece la práctica profesional. Proponemos mapear el uso del Análisis del Discurso en la investigación en Ciencias de la Información, ya que este mapeo permite identificar tendencias, lagunas y oportunidades de investigación, contribuyendo al avance del conocimiento en el campo. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar estos enfoques del AD en (...) los artículos publicados en CI, y elaborar un análisis crítico del impacto que estos enfoques tienen en el campo de la Ciencia de la Información. Este estudio se clasifica como bibliográfico, con un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, ya que se centra en la identificación de un objeto de estudio específico -artículos publicados- para reflexionar sobre el Análisis del Discurso en la Ciencia de la Información. La investigación muestra que las teorías del Análisis del Discurso aplicadas al campo de la Ciencia de la Información son significativas, ya que ofrecen numerosas posibilidades de investigación. (shrink)

Does our responsibility extend to deeds that have been performed in our name? Is our modern understanding of responsibility in need of revision? Arendt holds that it is not necessary to revise our conception of responsibility since there are two forms of responsibility: a moral and a political one. Margalit, in turn, argues that our conception of responsibility is too narrow. We are not only morally responsible for the deeds we have performed or neglected to perform but also for the (...) deeds carried out in our name. I believe neither position to be entirely coherent: Arendt is mistaken to argue that collective responsibility is free from moral expressions and Margalit conflates political with moral responsibility and confuses guilt with shame. The article concludes that moral responsibility is distinct from collective responsibility, even though the former retains elements of the latter. (shrink)

This paper takes Zahavi’s view to task that every conscious experience involves a “minimal sense of self.” Zahavi bases his claim on the observation that experience, even on the pre-reflective level, is not only about the object, but also has a distinctive qualitative aspect which is indicative of the fact that it is for me. It has the quality of what he calls “for-meness” or “mineness.” Against this I argue that there are not two phenomena but only one. On the (...) pre-reflective level, experience is transparent. Conscious experience may well be reflexive but this does not imply that I additionally have a sense of what it is like for me to have that experience. I do not just happen to disagree with Zahavi’s account of pre-reflective experience but, more importantly, I am concerned that he imposes it onto his interpretation of Edmund Husserl. Zahavi claims that when Husserl argues that consciousness is necessarily a form of self-consciousness, he must be committed to the view that we necessarily have a sense of ownership. However, Husserl only claims that I am self-conscious but not that I am a self that owns its consciousness. Zahavi thus misses the novelty of Husserl’s position, namely that I do not need to have a sense of abiding ownership, to have experience. (shrink)

Un concepto que solía pertenecer al mundo de la informática (hacking) ahora se combina con las ciencias de la vida (bio). Sin gran dificultad, hemos empezado a ver la vida como un conjunto de datos, el ADN como un código, el cuerpo como una máquina y la mente como un software... todos susceptibles de ser leídos, manipulados y ahora incluso hackeados. ¿Pero manipulados por quiénes? Las comunidades de biohackers y DYIbio (do-it-yourself biology) quieren la biotecnología disponible para todos y la (...) información compartida abiertamente. En este trabajo, propongo una reflexión sobre qué está pasando y el posible por qué. En la primera parte, presento el biohacking como un fenómeno social, dando algunos ejemplos de biohackers y diferenciando tipos de biohackers. En la segunda parte, hago un acercamiento al Transhumanismo. La existencia de biohackers sólo es posible gracias a la creciente disponibilidad de información y biotecnología combinada con una cierta mentalidad. El principal objetivo es profundizar en la reflexión sobre la relación entre biohacking y Transhumanismo. Analizo el biohacking como una de las expresiones de este movimiento y uno de los fenómenos que contribuyen a él. Al final, ofrezco una reflexión sobre la cultura, deseos y miedos de nuestra sociedad, reconociendo también algunas de las preguntas que ellos provocan. (shrink)

This article pays heed to Klaus Held’s work by focusing on his last book _Die Geburt der Philosophie bei den Griechen_. The article shows that the book brings together two central themes that occupied Held throughout. First, how the birth of philosophy coincides with the birth of the polis (the political world) and second, how the pre-Socratics gave philosophical credence to the world in which we live, a world which Husserl later calls the “life world.” Through a novel and unorthodox (...) reading of Parmenides, Held shows that the option is not between two paths: the path of truth and the path of doxa. Instead Parmenides shows that there is only one path: The path of truth is the path of doxa. It is this insight that allows Held to argue that philosophy needs to pay heed to the world in which we live. This is the world as it appears and matters to us. Held thus believes that we learn from the pre-Socratics that the ecological crisis we face today of philosophical significance. (shrink)

Este artículo explora las implicaciones para la bioética de los temas comunes entre el transhumanismo y la gobernanza global de la edición del genoma humano (HGE por sus siglas en inglés). En primer lugar, se aplicó el método de análisis temático reflexivo (ATR) a un conjunto de textos sobre el transhumanismo y sobre la gobernanza mundial de la edición del genoma humano. Como resultado de esta aplicación, surgieron tres temas comunes y sus elementos. Posteriormente se desarrolló un ejemplo de implicación (...) para la bioética de cada uno de dichos temas en donde cada implicación consideró la situación actual y una tarea para la bioética. Finalmente se concluye la importancia de reconocer la situación derivada de los temas comunes y la necesidad trabajar en las tres tareas identificadas es crucial para la bioética contemporánea. (shrink)

Given his expertise in the classroom and in school, the cooperating teacher is essential to teacher training. Expectations towards him are coming from ministerial authorities (gouvernement du Québec, 2002, 2008), but also from student teachers (Caron, Portelance and Martineau, 2013). In order to meet these expectations, the cooperating teacher is strongly encouraged to enroll in a continuous training process leading to enhance his training practices. With the intention of supporting the development of the expected cooperating teacher’s competencies (Portelance, Gervais, Lessard, (...) Beaulieu et al., 2008), a research funded by the Quebec Ministry of Education [1] uses a collaborative approach with cooperating teachers gathered in a community of practice. The members are engaged in a reflection process and a co-construction of meaning (Bourassa, Philion and Chevalier, 2007). Discussions focus on their training practices. The analysis of their purposes emphasizes the manifestations of interactional dynamics that favor their professional co-development. (shrink)

Tendo em vista as questões relacionadas à literatura e suas inúmeras possibilidades de materialização, este trabalho debruça-se em analisar a intertextualidade presente entre o livro O Pequeno Príncipe, de Antoine Saint-Exupéry e o filme de mesmo título de Mark Osborne, focando-se, especificamente, na figura das personagens protagonistas. Embora trate-se de materialidades diferentes e que ocorra, de certa forma, a quebra de expectativa do leitor quanto à representação literal da obra literária no filme, nosso interesse é por buscar nas personagens infantis (...) marcas da intertextualidade que as constituem como uma só enquanto ser criança e pensar em como esses elementos funcionam no texto para construir um saber sobre a infância, em diferentes épocas.Palavras-chave: O Pequeno Príncipe. Infância. Intertextualidade. Personagem. (shrink)

Trends and issues in the dissemination of knowledge are discussed in terms of current trends. The general trends include the rapid rate at which new journals and documents are produced and increasing specialization in the field. Among the issues discussed are the optimum information hypothesis, optimum conceptual size of information, vividness and propitiousness of the information, and orientations to knowledge of subcultures within a professional field. The field of early childhood education is used as the example of each trend and (...) issue. (shrink)

Despite Michel Serres’s caution with figures of the limit, border, and boundary which philosophy and social theory put into play, his work can fruitfully be read as a proposal to rethink limits for a social and natural contract. By following up on the intimate connection between limits and law in his work, this paper shines a light on Serres’s argument for a parallelism of limits and laws; and particularly highlights the partially underacknowledged role of entropy for this matter. First, attention (...) will be drawn to the role of topological boundaries for Serres’s structural consideration of a natural contract in a number of his works (e.g., The Natural Contract, Atlas, Hominescence), in order to demonstrate the indispensable connection between topological boundaries, a topologically conceived ethics, and a topological approach to law. This grounds the argument for a second step, which will focus on the role of entropy and entropic difference for his understanding of processes of social organization as well as a proposal of a “new natural contract.” Similarly, this will emphasize the linkages between entropic figures of the limit and respective conceptions of a contract. This “new natural contract,” as Serres calls it, not only goes a long way in connecting themes around thermodynamic and informational entropy of the early Hermès series to his later employments of entropy in social theory, but also integrates different criticisms of his earlier natural contract and critiques of a Western-centric form of naturalism. The aim of this paper is to show that Serres’s approach to entropy engenders a reconsideration of a natural contract that not only thoroughly integrates his own non-essentialist and non-dualistic understanding of nature, but that opens up a horizon of resonances with feminist and postcolonial critiques of the Anthropocene. (shrink)