Results for 'Kristin Bain'

958 found
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  1.  12
    Silenced by Incivility.Kristin Bain, Kathryn Coll, Tamar A. Kreps & Elizabeth R. Tenney - forthcoming - Journal of Business Ethics:1-19.
    Some theories suggest that women anticipate negative consequences (i.e., backlash) for counter-stereotypical actions and take steps to avoid those consequences. We propose that women may expect gender-based backlash for voicing, or contributing ideas that challenge the status quo, and thus engage in more silence (withholding those contributions) than men. However, we also propose that women anticipate gender backlash, and hence engage in more silence, only when other group members’ behavior signals that deviating from prescribed gender norms is risky. In two (...)
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  2.  43
    How epidemics end.Erica Charters & Kristin Heitman - 2021 - Centaurus 63 (1):210-224.
    As COVID-19 drags on and new vaccines promise widespread immunity, the world's attention has turned to predicting how the present pandemic will end. How do societies know when an epidemic is over and normal life can resume? What criteria and markers indicate such an end? Who has the insight, authority, and credibility to decipher these signs? Detailed research on past epidemics has demonstrated that they do not end suddenly; indeed, only rarely do the diseases in question actually end. This article (...)
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  3.  48
    Ethics Education for Healthcare Professionals in the Era of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models: Do We Still Need It?Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Jennifer Blumenthal Barby & Amy L. McGuire - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (10):17-27.
    ChatGPT has taken the academic community by storm (Cotton, Cotton, and Shipway 2023; Cox and Tzoc 2023; Sullivan, Kelly, and McLaughlan 2023). Since its release in November 2022, chatGPT has predic...
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  4. A pluralistic framework for the psychology of norms.Evan Westra & Kristin Andrews - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (5):1-30.
    Social norms are commonly understood as rules that dictate which behaviors are appropriate, permissible, or obligatory in different situations for members of a given community. Many researchers have sought to explain the ubiquity of social norms in human life in terms of the psychological mechanisms underlying their acquisition, conformity, and enforcement. Existing theories of the psychology of social norms appeal to a variety of constructs, from prediction-error minimization, to reinforcement learning, to shared intentionality, to domain-specific adaptations for norm acquisition. In (...)
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  5.  42
    Researcher Perspectives on Ethical Considerations in Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Trials.Katrina A. Muñoz, Kristin Kostick, Clarissa Sanchez, Lavina Kalwani, Laura Torgerson, Rebecca Hsu, Demetrio Sierra-Mercado, Jill O. Robinson, Simon Outram, Barbara A. Koenig, Stacey Pereira, Amy McGuire, Peter Zuk & Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  6.  75
    Mitigating Racial Bias in Machine Learning.Kristin M. Kostick-Quenet, I. Glenn Cohen, Sara Gerke, Bernard Lo, James Antaki, Faezah Movahedi, Hasna Njah, Lauren Schoen, Jerry E. Estep & J. S. Blumenthal-Barby - 2022 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 50 (1):92-100.
    When applied in the health sector, AI-based applications raise not only ethical but legal and safety concerns, where algorithms trained on data from majority populations can generate less accurate or reliable results for minorities and other disadvantaged groups.
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  7. Online public discourse on artificial intelligence and ethics in China: context, content, and implications.Yishu Mao & Kristin Shi-Kupfer - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (1):373-389.
    The societal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked discussions among academics, policymakers and the public around the world. What has gone unnoticed so far are the likewise vibrant discussions in China. We analyzed a large sample of discussions about AI ethics on two Chinese social media platforms. Findings suggest that participants were diverse, and included scholars, IT industry actors, journalists, and members of the general public. They addressed a broad range of concerns associated with the application of (...)
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  8.  89
    Trust criteria for artificial intelligence in health: normative and epistemic considerations.Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Benjamin H. Lang, Jared Smith, Meghan Hurley & Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (8):544-551.
    Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) in healthcare raise pressing questions about how much users should trust AI/ML systems, particularly for high stakes clinical decision-making. Ensuring that user trust is properly calibrated to a tool’s computational capacities and limitations has both practical and ethical implications, given that overtrust or undertrust can influence over-reliance or under-reliance on algorithmic tools, with significant implications for patient safety and health outcomes. It is, thus, important to better understand how variability in trust (...)
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  9. Ethics of Scientific Research.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - 1999 - Ethics and the Environment 4 (2):241-245.
     
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  10.  88
    Shameless luck egalitarians.Adina Preda & Kristin Voigt - 2022 - Journal of Social Philosophy 54 (1):41-58.
    A recurring concern about luck egalitarianism is that its implementation would make some individuals, in particular those who lack marketable talents, experience shame. This, the objection goes, undermines individuals’ self-respect, which, in turn, may also lead to unequal respect between individuals. Loss of (self-)respect is a concern for any egalitarian, including distributive egalitarians, inasmuch as it is non-compensable. This paper responds to this concern by clarifying the relationship between shame and (self-)respect. We argue, first, a luck egalitarian society and ethos (...)
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  11.  65
    Uncertainty and objectivity in clinical decision making: a clinical case in emergency medicine.Eivind Engebretsen, Kristin Heggen, Sietse Wieringa & Trisha Greenhalgh - 2016 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 19 (4):595-603.
    The evidence-based practice and evidence-based medicine movements have promoted standardization through guideline development methodologies based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of best available research. EBM has challenged clinicians to question their reliance on practical reasoning and clinical judgement. In this paper, we argue that the protagonists of EBM position their mission as reducing uncertainty through the use of standardized methods for knowledge evaluation and use. With this drive towards uniformity, standardization and control comes a suspicion towards intuition, creativity and uncertainty (...)
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  12.  46
    Virtuous Leadership: Exploring the Effects of Leader Courage and Behavioral Integrity on Leader Performance and Image.Michael E. Palanski, Kristin L. Cullen, William A. Gentry & Chelsea M. Nichols - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (2):297-310.
    We examined the relationship between leader behavioral integrity and leader behavioral courage using data from two studies. Results from Study 1, an online experiment, indicated that behavioral manifestations of leader behavioral integrity and situational adversity both have direct main effects on behavioral manifestations of leader courage. Results from Study 2, a multisource field study with practicing executives, indicated that leader behavioral courage fully mediates the effects of leader behavioral integrity on leader performance and leader executive image. Implications of these findings (...)
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  13.  70
    Subjective agency and awareness of shared actions.Lars Strother, Kristin A. House & Sukhvinder S. Obhi - 2010 - Consciousness and Cognition 19 (1):12-20.
    Voluntary actions and their distal effects are intimately related in conscious awareness. When an expected effect follows a voluntary action, the experience of the interval between these events is compressed in time, a phenomenon known as ‘intentional binding’ . Current accounts of IB suggest that it serves to reinforce associations between our goals and our intention to attain these goals via action, and that IB only occurs for self-generated actions. We used a novel approach to study IB in the context (...)
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  14.  52
    Tainted: How Philosophy of Science Can Expose Bad Science.Kristin Sharon Shrader-Frechette - 2014 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    This is the first book on practical philosophy of science and how to practically evaluate scientific findings that have life-and-death consequences. Showing how to uncover scores of scientific flaws -- typically used by special interests who try to justify their deadly pollution -- this book aims to liberate the many potential victims of environmentally-induced disease and death.
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  15.  57
    The Ethics “Fix”: When Formal Systems Make a Difference.Kristin Smith-Crowe, Ann E. Tenbrunsel, Suzanne Chan-Serafin, Arthur P. Brief, Elizabeth E. Umphress & Joshua Joseph - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 131 (4):791-801.
    This paper investigates the effect of the countervailing forces within organizations of formal systems that direct employees toward ethical acts and informal systems that direct employees toward fraudulent behavior. We study the effect of these forces on deception, a key component of fraud. The results provide support for an interactive effect of these formal and informal systems. The effectiveness of formal systems is greater when there is a strong informal “push” to do wrong; conversely, in the absence of a strong (...)
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  16.  63
    Carrots, sticks, and health care reform — problems with wellness incentives.Harald Schmidt, Kristin Voigt & Daniel Wikler - 2010 - New England Journal of Medicine 362:e3.
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  17.  45
    Listening effort and accented speech.Kristin J. Van Engen & Jonathan E. Peelle - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  18. Conceptual analysis and special-interest science: toxicology and the case of Edward Calabrese.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - 2010 - Synthese 177 (3):449 - 469.
    One way to do socially relevant investigations of science is through conceptual analysis of scientific terms used in special-interest science (SIS). SIS is science having welfare-related consequences and funded by special interests, e.g., tobacco companies, in order to establish predetermined conclusions. For instance, because the chemical industry seeks deregulation of toxic emissions and avoiding costly cleanups, it funds SIS that supports the concept of "hormesis" (according to which low doses of toxins/carcinogens have beneficial effects). Analyzing the hormesis concept of its (...)
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  19. Three-year-olds understand communicative intentions without language, gestures, or gaze.Richard Moore, Kristin Liebal & Michael Tomasello - 2013 - Interaction Studies 14 (1):62-80.
    The communicative interactions of very young children almost always involve language, gesture and directed gaze. In this study, ninety-six children were asked to determine the location of a hidden toy by understanding a communicative act that contained none of these familiar means. A light-and-sound mechanism placed behind the hiding place and illuminated by a centrally placed switch was used to indicate the location of the toy. After a communicative training session, an experimenter pressed the switch either deliberately or accidentally, and (...)
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  20. The case for banning cigarettes.Kalle Grill & Kristin Voigt - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (5):293-301.
    Lifelong smokers lose on average a decade of life vis-à-vis non-smokers. Globally, tobacco causes about 5–6 million deaths annually. One billion tobacco-related deaths are predicted for the 21st century, with about half occurring before the age of 70. In this paper, we consider a complete ban on the sale of cigarettes and find that such a ban, if effective, would be justified. As with many policy decisions, the argument for such a ban requires a weighing of the pros and cons (...)
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  21.  44
    Fast Cars, Clean Bodies: Decolonization and the Reordering of French Culture.Jean-Philippe Mathy & Kristin Ross - 1996 - Substance 25 (1):131.
  22.  61
    Memory for “mean” over “nice”: The influence of threat on children’s face memory.Katherine D. Kinzler & Kristin Shutts - 2008 - Cognition 107 (2):775-783.
  23. Technology and ethics.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - 2010 - In Craig Hanks, Technology and values: essential readings. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
     
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  24.  38
    The Ethics of the Societal Entrenchment-approach and the case of live uterus transplantation-IVF.Lisa Guntram & Kristin Zeiler - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (4):557-571.
    In 2014, the first child in the world was born after live uterus transplantation and IVF (UTx-IVF). Before and after this event, ethical aspects of UTx-IVF have been discussed in the medical and bioethical debate as well as, with varying intensity, in Swedish media and political fora. This article examines what comes to be identified as important ethical problems and solutions in the media debate of UTx-IVF in Sweden, showing specifically how problems, target groups, goals, benefits, risks and stakes are (...)
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  25.  81
    Locke and limits on land ownership.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - 1993 - Journal of the History of Ideas 54 (2):201-19.
  26.  25
    Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behaviour and altruism.Kristin M. Brethel-Haurwitz, Maria Stoianova & Abigail A. Marsh - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (8):1532-1548.
    Emotions evoked in response to others’ distress are important for motivating concerned prosocial responses. But how emotion regulation shapes prosocial responding is not yet well understood. We tes...
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  27.  43
    Can You Restore My “Own” Body? A Phenomenological Analysis of Relational Autonomy.Jenny Slatman, Kristin Zeiler & Ignaas Devisch - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (8):18-20.
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  28.  15
    Bodily Exchanges, Bioethics and Border Crossing: Perspectives on Giving, Selling and Sharing Bodies.Erik Malmqvist & Kristin Zeiler - 2015 - Routledge.
    Medical therapy, research and technology enable us to make our bodies, or parts of them, available to others in an increasing number of ways. This is the case in organ, tissue, egg and sperm donation as well as in surrogate motherhood and clinical research. Bringing together leading scholars working on the ethical, social and cultural aspects of such bodily exchanges, this cutting-edge book develops new ways of understanding them. Bodily Exchanges, Bioethics and Border Crossing both probes the established giving and (...)
  29.  82
    Ready to Teach or Ready to Learn: A Critique of the Natural Pedagogy Theory.Hisashi Nakao & Kristin Andrews - 2014 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5 (4):465-483.
    According to the theory of natural pedagogy, humans have a set of cognitive adaptations specialized for transmitting and receiving knowledge through teaching; young children can acquire generalizable knowledge from ostensive signals even in a single interaction, and adults also actively teach young children. In this article, we critically examine the theory and argue that ostensive signals do not always allow children to learn generalizable knowledge more efficiently, and that the empirical evidence provided in favor of the theory of natural pedagogy (...)
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  30.  58
    Gendering violence: Masculinity and power in men's accounts of domestic violence.Debra Umberson & Kristin L. Anderson - 2001 - Gender and Society 15 (3):358-380.
    This article examines the construction of gender within men's accounts of domestic violence. Analyses of in-depth interviews conducted with 33 domestically violent heterosexual men indicate that these batterers used diverse strategies to present themselves as nonviolent, capable, and rational men. Respondents performed gender by contrasting effectual male violence with ineffectual female violence, by claiming that female partners were responsible for the violence in their relationships and by constructing men as victims of a biased criminal justice system. This study suggests that (...)
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  31.  34
    The language of ‘experience’ in nursing research.David Allen & Kristin Cloyes - 2005 - Nursing Inquiry 12 (2):98-105.
    The language of ‘experience’ in nursing researchThis paper is an analysis of how the signifier ‘experience’ is used in nursing research. We identify a set of issues we believe accompany the use of experience but are rarely addressed. These issues are embedded in a spectrum that includes ontological commitments, visions of the person/self and its relation to ‘society’, understandings of research methodology and the politics of nursing. We argue that a poststructuralist understanding of the language of experience in research opens (...)
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  32.  18
    Critical realism as a fruitful approach to social work research as illustrated by two studies from the field of child and family welfare.Vibeke Samsonsen & Inger Kristin Heggdalsvik - 2023 - Journal of Critical Realism 23 (1):18-32.
    This paper argues the case for taking a critical realist (CR) approach to social work research. The normativity in social work is often under-communicated in the social sciences, resulting in research that has an unclear value base as its starting point. Social work practice promotes social change and people's development, empowerment, and liberation. By taking a CR of view as a starting point for researching social problems, the focus shifts towards explaining phenomena by revealing and discussing the mechanisms through which (...)
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  33.  54
    Intelligent nursing: accounting for knowledge as action in practice.Mary E. Purkis & Kristin Bjornsdottir - 2006 - Nursing Philosophy 7 (4):247-256.
    This paper provides an analysis of nursing as a knowledgeable discipline. We examined ways in which knowledge operates in the practice of home care nursing and explored how knowledge might be fruitfully understood within the ambiguous spaces and competing temporalities characterizing contemporary healthcare services. Two popular metaphors of knowledge in nursing practice were identified and critically examined; evidence-based practice and the nurse as an intuitive worker. Pointing to faults in these conceptualizations, we suggest a different way of conceptualizing the relationship (...)
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  34.  32
    (1 other version)Island Biogeography, Species-Area Curves, and Statistical Errors: Applied Biology and Scientific Rationality.Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette - 1990 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990:447 - 456.
    When Kangas suggested in 1986 that wildlife reserve designs could be much smaller than previously thought, community ecologists attacked his views on methodological grounds (island biogeographical theory is beset with uncertainties) and on conservation grounds (Kangas seemed to encourage deforestation and extinction). Kangas' defenders, like Simberloff, argued that in a situation of biological uncertainty (the degree/type of deforestation-induced extinction), scientists ought to follow the epistemologically conservative course and risk type-II error (the risk of not rejecting a null hypothesis that is (...)
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  35.  11
    Moral Diversity for Medical Trainees.Benjamin W. Frush & Kristin M. Collier - 2024 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 67 (3):424-436.
    While the proliferation of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives among medical schools and residency training programs has provided important benefits of demographic and experiential diversity among medical trainees, there has not been a similar emphasis upon the importance of moral diversity in medical training. Enhanced attention to the importance of moral diversity and the centrality of conscience to medical practice might allow trainees to better interface with the morally diverse patients they serve, learn important virtues like humility, patience, and (...)
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  36.  56
    Statistical significance in biology: Neither necessary nor sufficient for hypothesis acceptance.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - 2008 - Biological Theory 3 (1):12-16.
  37.  41
    Father Absence and Reproduction-Related Outcomes in Malaysia, a Transitional Fertility Population.Paula Sheppard, Kristin Snopkowski & Rebecca Sear - 2014 - Human Nature 25 (2):213-234.
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  38.  8
    The semantics-pragmatics controversy.Kristin Börjesson - 2014 - Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
    Currently, there is a great number of approaches to the semantics-pragmatics distinction on the market. This book is unique in that it offers a comprehensive overview, comparison and critical evaluation of these approaches. At the same time, it covers a wide range of the key current topics in semantics and pragmatics (e.g., the saying/meaning distinction, minimalism vs. contextualism, (generalised) conversational implicatures).
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  39.  70
    Creating Trust in an Acute Psychiatric Ward.Marit Helene Hem, Kristin Heggen & Knut W. Ruyter - 2008 - Nursing Ethics 15 (6):777-788.
    The ideal of trust pervades nursing. This article uses empirical material from acute psychiatry that reveals that it is distrust rather than trust that is prevalent in this field. Our data analyses show how distrust is expressed in the therapeutic environment and in the relationship between nurse and patient. We point out how trust can nonetheless be created in an environment that is characterized by distrust. Both trust and distrust are exposed as `fragile' phenomena that can easily `tip over' towards (...)
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  40.  65
    Measurement Problems and Florida Panther Models.Kristin Shrader-Frechette - unknown
    Conservation planning is only as good as the science on which it relies. This paper evaluates the science underlying the least-cost-path model, developed by Meegan and Maehr (2002) , for the Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi. It also assesses the resulting claim that private lands in central Florida are desirable for panther colonization (Maehr et al. 2002a , p. 187; Maehr 2001 , pp. 3–4; Maehr and Deason 2002 , p. 400). The paper argues that panther conservation planning, as proposed (...)
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  41.  14
    Beyond a Northern Paradigm.Linda Hogan & Kristin Heyer - 2019 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 39 (1):21-38.
    Notwithstanding the commitment to the inclusion of historically underrepresented communities, Christian ethics continues to be dominated by the voices, concerns, norms and methodologies of scholars from the northern hemisphere. This paper analyses the state of the field through the lens of the Catholic Theological Ethics in a World Church network whose mission is to promote international exchange. It assesses the lacunae arising from the northern-centric nature of Christian ethics as practiced in the northern hemisphere, highlights the inflection points, and considers (...)
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  42.  67
    Questionable Requirement for Consent in Observational Research in Psychiatry.Marit Helene Hem, Kristin Heggen & Knut W. Ruyter - 2007 - Nursing Ethics 14 (1):41-53.
    Informed consent represents a cornerstone of the endeavours to make health care research ethically acceptable. Based on experience of qualitative research on power dynamics in nursing care in acute psychiatry, we show that the requirement for informed consent may be practised in formalistic ways that legitimize the researcher's activities without taking the patient's changing perception of the situation sufficiently into account. The presentation of three patient case studies illustrates a diversity of issues that the researcher must consider in each situation. (...)
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  43.  27
    Different approach to medical decision-making in difficult circumstances: Kittay’s Ethics of Care.Liam Butchart, Kristin Krumenacker & Aymen Baig - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (4):293-299.
    The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated advances in bioethical approaches to medical decision-making. This paper develops an alternative method for rationing care during periods of resource scarcity. Typical approaches to triaging rely on utilitarian calculations; however, this approach introduces a problematic antihumanist sentiment, inviting the proposition of alternative schemata. As such, we suggest a feminist approach to medical decision-making, founded in and expanding upon the framework of Eva Kittay’s Ethics of Care. We suggest that this new structure addresses (...)
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  44.  78
    A Companion to Free Will.Joseph Keim Campbell, Kristin M. Mickelson & V. Alan White (eds.) - 2022 - Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell.
    The concept of free will is fraught with controversy, as readers of this volume likely know. Philosophers disagree about what free will is, whether we have it, what mitigates or destroys it, and what it's good for. Indeed, philosophers even disagree about how to fix the referent of the term 'free will' for purposes of describing and exploring these disagreements. What one person considers a reasonably neutral working definition of 'free will' is often considered question-begging or otherwise misguided by another. (...)
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  45. Wiley-Blackwell: A Companion to Free Will.Joe Campbell, Kristin M. Mickelson & V. Alan White (eds.) - 2023 - Wiley.
    "We wish this volume to be a sure companion to the study of free will, broadly construed to include action theory, moral and legal responsibility, and cohort studies feathering off into adjacent fields in the liberal arts and sciences. In addition to general coverage of the discipline, this volume attempts a more challenging and complementary accompaniment to many familiar narratives about free will. In order to map out some directions such accompaniment will take, in this introduction we anchor the thirty (...)
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  46.  27
    The Emergence of Social Space: Rimbaud and the Paris Commune.Benjamin Hollander & Kristin Ross - 1990 - Substance 19 (2/3):216.
  47.  68
    Could Genetic Enhancement Really Lead to Obsolescence?Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Kristin M. Kostick & Peter Zuk - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (7):34-36.
    Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2019, Page 34-36.
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  48.  13
    Gender and Bioethics Intertwined: Egg Donation within the Context of Equal Opportunities.Merete Lie & Kristin Spilker - 2007 - European Journal of Women's Studies 14 (4):327-340.
    The article analyses the debate on egg donation in Norway using source material from the parliamentary debate of amendments to the Biotechnology Law. In both policy documents on bioethics and the Biotechnology Law, gender is not a spoken issue, but bringing egg and sperm directly to the fore highlights how gender is implicated in bioethics debates. Gender perceptions affect the understanding of `what egg and sperm may do' at the same time as the debate sets established perceptions of gender in (...)
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  49.  36
    Identifying public trust building priorities of gene editing in agriculture and food.Christopher Cummings, Theresa Selfa, Sonja Lindberg & Carmen Bain - 2024 - Agriculture and Human Values 41 (1):47-60.
    Gene editing in agriculture and food (GEAF) is a nascent development with few products and is unfamiliar among the wider US public. GEAF has garnered significant praise for its potential to solve for a variety of agronomic problems but has also evoked controversy regarding safety and ethical standards of development and application. Given the wake of other agribiotechnology debates including GMOs (genetically modified organisms), this study made use of 36 in-depth key interviews to build the first U.S. based typology of (...)
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  50.  58
    Editor's Report, 2005.James W. McAllister, Leonard Angel, Jonathan Bain, Craig Callender, Tian Yu Cao, Lisa Dolling, Gerald D. Doppelt, Antony Eagle, Henry Folse & Mélanie Frappier - 2006 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20 (2):125-127.
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