Results for 'Kevin Brosnan'

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  1. Do the evolutionary origins of our moral beliefs undermine moral knowledge?Kevin Brosnan - 2011 - Biology and Philosophy 26 (1):51-64.
    According to some recent arguments, if our moral beliefs are products of natural selection, then we do not have moral knowledge. In defense of this inference, its proponents argue that natural selection is a process that fails to track moral facts. In this paper, I argue that our having moral knowledge is consistent with, the hypothesis that our moral beliefs are products of natural selection, and the claim that natural selection fails to track moral facts. I also argue that natural (...)
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  2.  92
    Quasi-independence, fitness, and advantageousness.Kevin Brosnan - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (3):228-234.
    I argue that the idea of ‘quasi-independence’ [Lewontin, R. C. . Adaptation. Scientific American, 239, 212–230] cannot be understood without attending to the distinction between fitness and advantageousness [Sober, E. . Philosophy of biology. Boulder: Westview Press]. Natural selection increases the frequency of fitter traits, not necessarily of advantageous ones. A positive correlation between an advantageous trait and a disadvantageous one may prevent the advantageous trait from evolving. The quasi-independence criterion is aimed at specifying the conditions under which advantageous traits (...)
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  3. Discussion of J. Kevin O’Regan’s “Why Red Doesn’t Sound Like a Bell: Understanding the Feel of Consciousness”.J. Kevin O’Regan & Ned Block - 2012 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 3 (1):89-108.
    Discussion of J. Kevin O’Regan’s “Why Red Doesn’t Sound Like a Bell: Understanding the Feel of Consciousness” Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-20 DOI 10.1007/s13164-012-0090-7 Authors J. Kevin O’Regan, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Centre Biomédical des Saints Pères, 45 rue des Sts Pères, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France Ned Block, Departments of Philosophy, Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, 5 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA Journal Review of (...)
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  4.  86
    More on how and why: a response to commentaries.Kevin N. Laland, John Odling-Smee, William Hoppitt & Tobias Uller - 2013 - Biology and Philosophy 28 (5):793-810.
    We are grateful to the commentators for taking the time to respond to our article. Too many interesting and important points have been raised for us to tackle them all in this response, and so in the below we have sought to draw out the major themes. These include problems with both the term ‘ultimate causation’ and the proximate-ultimate causation dichotomy more generally, clarification of the meaning of reciprocal causation, discussion of issues related to the nature of development and phenotypic (...)
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  5. (1 other version)Bayesian Informal Logic and Fallacy.Kevin Korb - 2003 - Informal Logic 23 (1).
    Bayesian reasoning has been applied formally to statistical inference, machine learning and analysing scientific method. Here I apply it informally to more common forms of inference, namely natural language arguments. I analyse a variety of traditional fallacies, deductive, inductive and causal, and find more merit in them than is generally acknowledged. Bayesian principles provide a framework for understanding ordinary arguments which is well worth developing.
     
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  6.  45
    How Simplicity Helps You Find the Truth Without Pointing at it.Kevin T. Kelly - unknown
  7.  39
    Homos.Kevin Kopelson & Leo Bersani - 1996 - Substance 25 (1):120.
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  8. A New Causal Power Theory.Kevin B. Korb, Erik P. Nyberg & Lucas Hope - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo, Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press.
     
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  9.  96
    Ockham's razor, empirical complexity, and truth-finding efficiency.Kevin Kelly - 2007 - Theoretical Computer Science 383:270-289.
  10. What is Scientific Knowledge?: An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology of Science.Kevin McCain (ed.) - 2019 - New York: Routledge.
    What Is Scientific Knowledge? is a much-needed collection of introductory-level chapters on the epistemology of science. Renowned historians, philosophers, science educators, and cognitive scientists have authored 19 original contributions specifically for this volume. The chapters, accessible for students in both philosophy and the sciences, serve as helpful introductions to the primary debates surrounding scientific knowledge.First-year undergraduates can readily understand the variety of discussions in the volume, and yet advanced students and scholars will encounter chapters rich enough to engage their many (...)
  11.  62
    Is there more than one Generation of Matter in the Enneads?Kevin Corrigan - 1986 - Phronesis 31 (1):167-181.
  12.  40
    Institutional Identity, Integrity, and Conscience.Kevin Wm Wildes - 1997 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 7 (4):413-419.
    : Bioethics has focused on the areas of individual ethical choices--patient care--or public policy and law. There are, however, important arenas for ethical choices that have been overlooked. Health care is populated with intermediate arenas such as hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and health care systems. This essay argues that bioethics needs to develop a language and concepts for institutional ethics. A first step in this direction is to think about institutional conscience.
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  13.  28
    Distributive effervescence: emotional energy and social cohesion in secularizing societies.Kevin McCaffree & F. LeRon Shults - 2022 - Theory and Society 51 (2):233-268.
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  14.  62
    The Collapse of Collective Defeat: Lessons from the Lottery Paradox.Kevin B. Korb - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:230-236.
    The Lottery Paradox has been thought to provide a reductio argument against probabilistic accounts of inductive inference. As a result, much work in artificial intelligence has concentrated on qualitative methods of inference, including default logics, which are intended to model some varieties of inductive inference. It has recently been shown that the paradox can be generated within qualitative default logics. However, John Pollock's qualitative system of defeasible inference, does avoid the Lottery Paradox by incorporating a rule designed specifically for that (...)
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  15.  46
    A Natural History of Mathematics: George Peacock and the Making of English Algebra.Kevin Lambert - 2013 - Isis 104 (2):278-302.
    ABSTRACT In a series of papers read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society through the 1820s, the Cambridge mathematician George Peacock laid the foundation for a natural history of arithmetic that would tell a story of human progress from counting to modern arithmetic. The trajectory of that history, Peacock argued, established algebraic analysis as a form of universal reasoning that used empirically warranted operations of mind to think with symbols on paper. The science of counting would suggest arithmetic, arithmetic would suggest (...)
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  16. Aparté: Conceptions and Deaths of Søren Kierkegaard.Sylviane Agacinski, Kevin Newmark, John Vignaux Smyth & John D. Caputo - 1991 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 29 (2):113-122.
     
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  17. Explanation and evidence.Kevin McCain & Ted Poston - 2023 - In Maria Lasonen-Aarnio & Clayton Littlejohn, The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence. New York, NY: Routledge.
    Explanation and evidence are related in one way that is uncontroversial: evidence can confirm or disconfirm explanations. One explanation of Sally’s cold is that she has a virus; another is that she has a bacterial infection. The available evidence confirms the virus explanation because the evidence supports that colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria. A more interesting question concerns whether explanatory facts themselves provide evidence. That is to say, do we get evidence for p simply by realizing that p, (...)
     
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  18.  73
    Reichenbach, induction, and discovery.Kevin T. Kelly - 1991 - Erkenntnis 35 (1-3):123 - 149.
    I have applied a fairly general, learning theoretic perspective to some questions raised by Reichenbach's positions on induction and discovery. This is appropriate in an examination of the significance of Reichenbach's work, since the learning-theoretic perspective is to some degree part of Reichenbach's reliabilist legacy. I have argued that Reichenbach's positivism and his infatuation with probabilities are both irrelevant to his views on induction, which are principally grounded in the notion of limiting reliability. I have suggested that limiting reliability is (...)
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  19.  51
    Probabilistic causal structure.Kevin B. Korb - 1999 - In Howard Sankey, Causation and Laws of Nature. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 265--311.
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  20.  19
    Predatory War, Drones and Torture: Remapping the Body in Pain.Kevin McSorley - 2019 - Body and Society 25 (3):73-99.
    Elaine Scarry argues in The Body in Pain that war is a vast and reciprocal swearing on the body, with corporeality key not only to its brutal prosecution but also to the eventual ending of the political ‘crisis of substantiation’ that war entails. However, her work has not been extensively explored with reference to significant transformations in the embodied experiences of contemporary warfare. This article thus analyses a particular articulation of late modern warfare that I term predatory war, whose current (...)
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  21.  15
    Hume's radical scepticism and the fate of naturalized epistemology.Kevin Meeker - 2013 - New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    Was David Hume radically sceptical about our attempts to understand the world or was he merely approaching philosophical problems from a scientific perspective? Most philosophers today believe that Hume's outlook was more scientific than radically sceptical and that his scepticism was more limited than previously supposed. If these philosophers are correct, then Hume's approach to philosophy mirrors the approach of many contemporary philosophers. This similarity between Hume and many aspects of contemporary philosophy suggests that we should try to understand Hume (...)
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  22.  36
    The Concept of Progress in Wittgenstein’s Thought.Kevin Cahill - 2006 - Review of Metaphysics 60 (1):71-100.
  23.  53
    An undecidable problem in finite combinatorics.Kevin J. Compton - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (3):842-850.
  24.  28
    Wittgenstein and Naturalism.Kevin M. Cahill & Thomas Raleigh (eds.) - 2017 - New York: Routledge.
    Wittgenstein was centrally concerned with the puzzling nature of the mind, mathematics, morality and modality. He also developed innovative views about the status and methodology of philosophy and was explicitly opposed to crudely "scientistic" worldviews. His later thought has thus often been understood as elaborating a nuanced form of naturalism appealing to such notions as "form of life", "primitive reactions", "natural history", "general facts of nature" and "common behaviour of mankind". And yet, Wittgenstein is strangely absent from much of the (...)
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  25. The power of intervention.Kevin B. Korb & Erik Nyberg - 2006 - Minds and Machines 16 (3):289-302.
    We further develop the mathematical theory of causal interventions, extending earlier results of Korb, Twardy, Handfield, & Oppy, (2005) and Spirtes, Glymour, Scheines (2000). Some of the skepticism surrounding causal discovery has concerned the fact that using only observational data can radically underdetermine the best explanatory causal model, with the true causal model appearing inferior to a simpler, faithful model (cf. Cartwright, (2001). Our results show that experimental data, together with some plausible assumptions, can reduce the space of viable explanatory (...)
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  26.  37
    Metaphors we teach by: An embodied cognitive analysis of No Child Left Behind.Kevin M. Clark & Donald J. Cunningham - 2006 - Semiotica 2006 (161):265-289.
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  27.  81
    The Distinction between Being and Essence according to Boethius, Avicenna, and William of Auvergne.Kevin J. Caster - 1996 - Modern Schoolman 73 (4):309-332.
  28.  63
    Efficient convergence implies ockham's razor.Kevin Kelly - 2002 - Proceedings of the 2002 International Workshop on Computational Models of Scientific Reasoning and Applications.
    A finite data set is consistent with infinitely many alternative theories. Scientific realists recommend that we prefer the simplest one. Anti-realists ask how a fixed simplicity bias could track the truth when the truth might be complex. It is no solution to impose a prior probability distribution biased toward simplicity, for such a distribution merely embodies the bias at issue without explaining its efficacy. In this note, I argue, on the basis of computational learning theory, that a fixed simplicity bias (...)
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  29.  50
    Quietism or Description? McDowell in Dispute with Dreyfus.Kevin M. Cahill - 2014 - Review of Metaphysics 68 (2):395-409.
    This paper concerns the widely discussed exchange between Hubert Dreyfus and John McDowell that took place a few years back. The author first provides a brief sketch of how McDowell’s practice of philosophy for the last twenty or so years is best described as “quietist” in the spirit of the later Wittgenstein. Next, he shows that this exchange with Dreyfus is best understood as carried on largely in this spirit as well, even though McDowell somewhat inexplicably fails to acknowledge this (...)
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  30.  34
    Wittgenstein and the Fate of Metaphysics.Kevin Cahill - 2008 - SATS 9 (2):61-73.
  31.  41
    Hierarchies and tool-using strategies.Kevin J. Connolly & Edison de J. Manoel - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):554-555.
  32.  12
    Problem Spaces in Real-World Science: What are They and How Do Scientists Search Them?Lisa M. Baker & Kevin Dunbar - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 21--22.
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  33.  8
    On the Virtues.Jean Capreolus, Kevin White & Romanus Cessario - 2001 - CUA Press.
    The selection from Capreolus's work represented in this translation shows him defending Aquinas's conclusions on faith, hope, charity, the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the virtues against such adversaries.
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  34.  46
    Environmental Trolley Problems and Ethical Assumptions in the Geoengineering Debate.Kevin Meeker - 2018 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 21 (2):178-180.
    Stephen Gardiner and Augustin Fragnière offer a thorough critique of the Oxford Principles meant to govern geoenegineering in their paper ‘The tollgate principles for the governance...
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  35.  36
    Clarity, generality, and efficiency in models of learning: Wringing the MOP.Kevin T. Kelly - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (4):657-658.
  36.  31
    Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit: a Need for Research.Kevin Kendrick & Bev Cubbin - 1996 - Nursing Ethics 3 (2):157-164.
    Intensive care units are challenging and technologically advanced environments. Dealing with situations that have an ethical dimension is an intrinsic part of working in such a milieu. When a moral dilemma emerges, it can cause anxiety and unease for all staff involved with it. Theoretical and abstract papers reveal that having to confront situations of ethical difficulty is a contributory factor to levels of poor morale and burnout among critical care staff. Despite this, there is a surprising dearth of published (...)
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  37.  74
    Alexander of aphrodisias and others on a controversial demonstration in aristotle’s modal syllogistic.Kevin L. Flannery - 1993 - History and Philosophy of Logic 14 (2):201-214.
    (1993). Alexander of aphrodisias and others on a controversial demonstration in aristotle’s modal syllogistic. History and Philosophy of Logic: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 201-214.
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  38.  74
    Carrie Chapman Catt and the Evolutionary Politics of Sex and Race, 1885-1940.Kevin Scott Amidon - 2007 - Journal of the History of Ideas 68 (2):305-328.
    Carrie Chapman Catt's engagement of race remains controversial. This article argues that there are two elements to Catt's career-long use of evolutionary arguments to map questions of sex and race. For Catt, evolutionary change instantiated (macroevolutionary) progress, but this progress depended on sex and race as linked categories of (microevolutionary) differentiation. In her arguments, the sexes always participate together in the same trajectory of evolutionary progress. Race, however, is a contingent category: different races can, but also may not, participate together (...)
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  39.  12
    Feminism and the body: interdisciplinary perspectives.Catherine Kevin (ed.) - 2009 - Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.
    By definition, feminism is concerned with the historical, social and political meanings of sexual difference in the human body, and the spectrum of experiences those meanings produce. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, gendered forms of violence persist, abortion remains a political issue, reproductive and cosmetic technologies and their concomitant ethical questions are proliferating, and the presence of women's bodies in public spaces and for public consumption produces a range of anxieties about women's well-being and the common good. Feminist (...)
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  40.  53
    "the Doctor Quarrels With Some Pictures": Exegesis And Animals In Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica.Kevin Killeen - 2007 - Early Science and Medicine 12 (1):1-27.
    This essay explores Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia epidemica, with its lengthy book on 'errors' in animal lore. In the limited critical literature on Browne's natural history, this author is generally seen as stumbling towards a zoological idiom and clearing away the emblematic 'clutter' of earlier writers on natural history—Gesner, Aldrovandi, Topsell or Franzius. This essay proposes that Browne is working with a more complex set of co-ordinates in his thought, beyond his experimental inclinations and his Aristotelian assumptions. It will explore the (...)
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  41. A cognitive neuroscience framework for understanding causal reasoning and the law.Jonathan Fugelsang & Dunbar & Kevin - 2006 - In Semir Zeki & Oliver Goodenough, Law and the Brain. Oxford University Press.
     
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  42. A Bayesian metric for evaluating machine learning algorithms.Lucas Hope & Kevin Korb - unknown
     
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  43.  49
    Global Justice and the New Regulatory Regime.Kevin W. Gray & Kafumu Kalyalya - 2015 - Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 10 (2):122-138.
    Kevin Gray,Kafumu Kalyalya | : In this paper we challenge the role of consent in the global order by discussing current modes of international law making in the global order. We contend that the features of state consent in international law depart substantially from those assumed by theorists of the liberal order, who subscribe, in most cases, to the realist conception of state action. We argue, against those theorists, that state consents to coercive measures, and the state’s role in (...)
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  44.  9
    What morality means: an interdisciplinary synthesis for the social sciences.Kevin J. McCaffree - 2015 - New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    Toward an integrative theory of morality -- The origins of morality -- Perceptual partitioning in human history -- The cognitive and interactional structure of morality -- Subjective morality as an area of social scientific inquiry -- Reiterations.
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  45.  21
    Introduction: Legacies of Militancy and Theory.Perry Zurn & Kevin Thompson - 2021 - In Perry Zurn & Kevin Thompson, Intolerable: Writings from Michel Foucault and the Prisons Information Group, 1970-1980. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 1-34.
    In this Introduction, we offer, in the first section, a brief sketch of events before turning to track the profound innovations in militancy and theory that Le Group d'information sur les prisons (The Prisons Information Group, the GIP) and its work represent. In the second section, we explore the GIP’s prisoner-centered and largely prisoner-led structure, predicated on the recognition that prisoners have the political knowledge and political agency most relevant to prison resistance movements. In the third section, we trace the (...)
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  46.  90
    Seemings: New Arguments, New Angles.Kevin McCain, Scott Stapleford & Matthias Steup (eds.) - 2023 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    This volume presents new research on the epistemology of seemings. It features original essays by leading epistemologists on the nature and epistemic import of seemings and intuitions. Seemings and intuitions are often appealed to in philosophical theorizing. In fact, epistemological theories such as phenomenal conservatism and dogmatism give pride of place to seemings. Such views insist that seemings are of central importance to theories of epistemic justification. However, there are many questions about seemings that have yet to be answered satisfactorily. (...)
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  47. Appearances and the Problem of Stored Beliefs.Kevin McCain & Scott Stapleford - 2023 - In Kevin McCain, Scott Stapleford & Matthias Steup, Seemings: New Arguments, New Angles. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 63–74.
    Internalist theories of epistemic justification supposedly have trouble explaining what justifies beliefs that are both stored in memory and currently out of mind. This is the problem of stored beliefs. This chapter provides a preliminary defence of stored/dispositional appearances and suggests that they provide a straightforward solution to the problem of stored beliefs.
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  48.  60
    Epistemology: 50 Puzzles Paradoxes and Thought Experiments.Kevin McCain - 2021 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    "Imaginative cases, or what might be called puzzles, paradoxes, and other thought experiments, play a central role in epistemology. A significant component of understanding epistemological debates and theories is appreciating various cases and what they are thought to show. This volume collects 50 of the most important puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments in contemporary epistemology and describes their significance. The volume gives each case a memorable name, describes the details of the case, explains the issue to which the case is (...)
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  49.  1
    Interview with Alan Fiske for Theory and Society.Kevin McCaffree - 2024 - Theory and Society 53 (6):1473-1490.
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  50.  19
    Towards an integrative sociological theory of empathy.Kevin McCaffree - 2020 - European Journal of Social Theory 23 (4):550-570.
    Sociological theories of morality have grown in prevalence over the last decade and a half. These theories often focus on developing single concepts such as identity, reputation or emotion, or they provide sweeping historical accounts. Such theories often also take the construct of empathy for granted, as an inevitable consequence of morality. Here, I present a mechanistic theory of empathy which operates at multiple levels of analysis. The approach offered can help frame particular topics in the sociology of morality, though (...)
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