Results for 'Kevin Brosnan'

961 found
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  1. Do the evolutionary origins of our moral beliefs undermine moral knowledge?Kevin Brosnan - 2011 - Biology and Philosophy 26 (1):51-64.
    According to some recent arguments, if our moral beliefs are products of natural selection, then we do not have moral knowledge. In defense of this inference, its proponents argue that natural selection is a process that fails to track moral facts. In this paper, I argue that our having moral knowledge is consistent with, the hypothesis that our moral beliefs are products of natural selection, and the claim that natural selection fails to track moral facts. I also argue that natural (...)
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  2.  92
    Quasi-independence, fitness, and advantageousness.Kevin Brosnan - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (3):228-234.
    I argue that the idea of ‘quasi-independence’ [Lewontin, R. C. . Adaptation. Scientific American, 239, 212–230] cannot be understood without attending to the distinction between fitness and advantageousness [Sober, E. . Philosophy of biology. Boulder: Westview Press]. Natural selection increases the frequency of fitter traits, not necessarily of advantageous ones. A positive correlation between an advantageous trait and a disadvantageous one may prevent the advantageous trait from evolving. The quasi-independence criterion is aimed at specifying the conditions under which advantageous traits (...)
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  3.  91
    Replacing Truth.Kevin Scharp - 2013 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK.
    Kevin Scharp proposes an original theory of the nature and logic of truth on which truth is an inconsistent concept that should be replaced for certain theoretical purposes. He argues that truth is best understood as an inconsistent concept, and proposes a detailed theory of inconsistent concepts that can be applied to the case of truth. Truth also happens to be a useful concept, but its inconsistency inhibits its utility; as such, it should be replaced with consistent concepts that (...)
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  4.  86
    More on how and why: a response to commentaries.Kevin N. Laland, John Odling-Smee, William Hoppitt & Tobias Uller - 2013 - Biology and Philosophy 28 (5):793-810.
    We are grateful to the commentators for taking the time to respond to our article. Too many interesting and important points have been raised for us to tackle them all in this response, and so in the below we have sought to draw out the major themes. These include problems with both the term ‘ultimate causation’ and the proximate-ultimate causation dichotomy more generally, clarification of the meaning of reciprocal causation, discussion of issues related to the nature of development and phenotypic (...)
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  5. (1 other version)Bayesian Informal Logic and Fallacy.Kevin Korb - 2003 - Informal Logic 23 (1).
    Bayesian reasoning has been applied formally to statistical inference, machine learning and analysing scientific method. Here I apply it informally to more common forms of inference, namely natural language arguments. I analyse a variety of traditional fallacies, deductive, inductive and causal, and find more merit in them than is generally acknowledged. Bayesian principles provide a framework for understanding ordinary arguments which is well worth developing.
     
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  6.  45
    How Simplicity Helps You Find the Truth Without Pointing at it.Kevin T. Kelly - unknown
  7.  39
    Homos.Kevin Kopelson & Leo Bersani - 1996 - Substance 25 (1):120.
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  8. A New Causal Power Theory.Kevin B. Korb, Erik P. Nyberg & Lucas Hope - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo, Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press.
     
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  9.  96
    Ockham's razor, empirical complexity, and truth-finding efficiency.Kevin Kelly - 2007 - Theoretical Computer Science 383:270-289.
  10.  62
    Is there more than one Generation of Matter in the Enneads?Kevin Corrigan - 1986 - Phronesis 31 (1):167-181.
  11.  40
    Institutional Identity, Integrity, and Conscience.Kevin Wm Wildes - 1997 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 7 (4):413-419.
    : Bioethics has focused on the areas of individual ethical choices--patient care--or public policy and law. There are, however, important arenas for ethical choices that have been overlooked. Health care is populated with intermediate arenas such as hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and health care systems. This essay argues that bioethics needs to develop a language and concepts for institutional ethics. A first step in this direction is to think about institutional conscience.
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  12. Lenin, Hegel, and Western Marxism.Kevin Anderson - 1995
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  13.  62
    The Collapse of Collective Defeat: Lessons from the Lottery Paradox.Kevin B. Korb - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:230-236.
    The Lottery Paradox has been thought to provide a reductio argument against probabilistic accounts of inductive inference. As a result, much work in artificial intelligence has concentrated on qualitative methods of inference, including default logics, which are intended to model some varieties of inductive inference. It has recently been shown that the paradox can be generated within qualitative default logics. However, John Pollock's qualitative system of defeasible inference, does avoid the Lottery Paradox by incorporating a rule designed specifically for that (...)
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  14. Implications and consequences of robots with biological brains.Kevin Warwick - 2010 - Ethics and Information Technology 12 (3):223-234.
    In this paper a look is taken at the relatively new area of culturing neural tissue and embodying it in a mobile robot platform—essentially giving a robot a biological brain. Present technology and practice is discussed. New trends and the potential effects of and in this area are also indicated. This has a potential major impact with regard to society and ethical issues and hence some initial observations are made. Some initial issues are also considered with regard to the potential (...)
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  15.  46
    A Natural History of Mathematics: George Peacock and the Making of English Algebra.Kevin Lambert - 2013 - Isis 104 (2):278-302.
    ABSTRACT In a series of papers read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society through the 1820s, the Cambridge mathematician George Peacock laid the foundation for a natural history of arithmetic that would tell a story of human progress from counting to modern arithmetic. The trajectory of that history, Peacock argued, established algebraic analysis as a form of universal reasoning that used empirically warranted operations of mind to think with symbols on paper. The science of counting would suggest arithmetic, arithmetic would suggest (...)
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  16. Aparté: Conceptions and Deaths of Søren Kierkegaard.Sylviane Agacinski, Kevin Newmark, John Vignaux Smyth & John D. Caputo - 1991 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 29 (2):113-122.
     
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  17.  65
    Effects of lying in practical Turing tests.Kevin Warwick & Huma Shah - 2016 - AI and Society 31 (1):5-15.
  18.  73
    Reichenbach, induction, and discovery.Kevin T. Kelly - 1991 - Erkenntnis 35 (1-3):123 - 149.
    I have applied a fairly general, learning theoretic perspective to some questions raised by Reichenbach's positions on induction and discovery. This is appropriate in an examination of the significance of Reichenbach's work, since the learning-theoretic perspective is to some degree part of Reichenbach's reliabilist legacy. I have argued that Reichenbach's positivism and his infatuation with probabilities are both irrelevant to his views on induction, which are principally grounded in the notion of limiting reliability. I have suggested that limiting reliability is (...)
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  19.  51
    Probabilistic causal structure.Kevin B. Korb - 1999 - In Howard Sankey, Causation and Laws of Nature. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 265--311.
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  20.  36
    The Concept of Progress in Wittgenstein’s Thought.Kevin Cahill - 2006 - Review of Metaphysics 60 (1):71-100.
  21.  38
    Propositions and Pragmatics.Kevin P. Weinfurt - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (9):18-20.
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  22.  53
    An undecidable problem in finite combinatorics.Kevin J. Compton - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (3):842-850.
  23.  28
    Wittgenstein and Naturalism.Kevin M. Cahill & Thomas Raleigh (eds.) - 2017 - New York: Routledge.
    Wittgenstein was centrally concerned with the puzzling nature of the mind, mathematics, morality and modality. He also developed innovative views about the status and methodology of philosophy and was explicitly opposed to crudely "scientistic" worldviews. His later thought has thus often been understood as elaborating a nuanced form of naturalism appealing to such notions as "form of life", "primitive reactions", "natural history", "general facts of nature" and "common behaviour of mankind". And yet, Wittgenstein is strangely absent from much of the (...)
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  24. The power of intervention.Kevin B. Korb & Erik Nyberg - 2006 - Minds and Machines 16 (3):289-302.
    We further develop the mathematical theory of causal interventions, extending earlier results of Korb, Twardy, Handfield, & Oppy, (2005) and Spirtes, Glymour, Scheines (2000). Some of the skepticism surrounding causal discovery has concerned the fact that using only observational data can radically underdetermine the best explanatory causal model, with the true causal model appearing inferior to a simpler, faithful model (cf. Cartwright, (2001). Our results show that experimental data, together with some plausible assumptions, can reduce the space of viable explanatory (...)
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  25.  22
    A Model to Be Emulated.Kevin P. Weinfurt - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (5):18-20.
    Volume 20, Issue 5, June 2020, Page 18-20.
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  26.  37
    Metaphors we teach by: An embodied cognitive analysis of No Child Left Behind.Kevin M. Clark & Donald J. Cunningham - 2006 - Semiotica 2006 (161):265-289.
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  27.  81
    The Distinction between Being and Essence according to Boethius, Avicenna, and William of Auvergne.Kevin J. Caster - 1996 - Modern Schoolman 73 (4):309-332.
  28.  63
    Efficient convergence implies ockham's razor.Kevin Kelly - 2002 - Proceedings of the 2002 International Workshop on Computational Models of Scientific Reasoning and Applications.
    A finite data set is consistent with infinitely many alternative theories. Scientific realists recommend that we prefer the simplest one. Anti-realists ask how a fixed simplicity bias could track the truth when the truth might be complex. It is no solution to impose a prior probability distribution biased toward simplicity, for such a distribution merely embodies the bias at issue without explaining its efficacy. In this note, I argue, on the basis of computational learning theory, that a fixed simplicity bias (...)
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  29.  50
    Quietism or Description? McDowell in Dispute with Dreyfus.Kevin M. Cahill - 2014 - Review of Metaphysics 68 (2):395-409.
    This paper concerns the widely discussed exchange between Hubert Dreyfus and John McDowell that took place a few years back. The author first provides a brief sketch of how McDowell’s practice of philosophy for the last twenty or so years is best described as “quietist” in the spirit of the later Wittgenstein. Next, he shows that this exchange with Dreyfus is best understood as carried on largely in this spirit as well, even though McDowell somewhat inexplicably fails to acknowledge this (...)
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  30.  88
    The Particularities of Legitimacy: John Simmons on Political Obligation.Kevin Walton - 2013 - Ratio Juris 26 (1):1-15.
    In this paper, I examine the terms on which John Simmons rejects all arguments for a moral obligation to obey the law and so defends “philosophical anarchism.” Although I accept his rejection of several criteria on which others might and often do insist, I criticize his reliance on the conditions of “generality” and “particularity.” In doing so, I propose an alternative to his influential conception of legitimacy.
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  31.  34
    Wittgenstein and the Fate of Metaphysics.Kevin Cahill - 2008 - SATS 9 (2):61-73.
  32.  41
    Hierarchies and tool-using strategies.Kevin J. Connolly & Edison de J. Manoel - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):554-555.
  33.  12
    Problem Spaces in Real-World Science: What are They and How Do Scientists Search Them?Lisa M. Baker & Kevin Dunbar - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 21--22.
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  34.  8
    On the Virtues.Jean Capreolus, Kevin White & Romanus Cessario - 2001 - CUA Press.
    The selection from Capreolus's work represented in this translation shows him defending Aquinas's conclusions on faith, hope, charity, the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the virtues against such adversaries.
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  35. Religion in Bioethics: A Rebirth.Kevin Wm Wildes - 2002 - Christian Bioethics 8 (2):163-174.
    Kevin Wm. Wildes, S.J.; Religion in Bioethics: A Rebirth, Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 January 2002, Pa.
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  36.  19
    Education and Conversation: Exploring Oakeshott's Legacy.Kevin Williams - 2017 - Educational Theory 67 (3):327-335.
  37.  49
    Global Justice and the New Regulatory Regime.Kevin W. Gray & Kafumu Kalyalya - 2015 - Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 10 (2):122-138.
    Kevin Gray,Kafumu Kalyalya | : In this paper we challenge the role of consent in the global order by discussing current modes of international law making in the global order. We contend that the features of state consent in international law depart substantially from those assumed by theorists of the liberal order, who subscribe, in most cases, to the realist conception of state action. We argue, against those theorists, that state consents to coercive measures, and the state’s role in (...)
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  38.  36
    Clarity, generality, and efficiency in models of learning: Wringing the MOP.Kevin T. Kelly - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (4):657-658.
  39.  31
    Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit: a Need for Research.Kevin Kendrick & Bev Cubbin - 1996 - Nursing Ethics 3 (2):157-164.
    Intensive care units are challenging and technologically advanced environments. Dealing with situations that have an ethical dimension is an intrinsic part of working in such a milieu. When a moral dilemma emerges, it can cause anxiety and unease for all staff involved with it. Theoretical and abstract papers reveal that having to confront situations of ethical difficulty is a contributory factor to levels of poor morale and burnout among critical care staff. Despite this, there is a surprising dearth of published (...)
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  40.  51
    The evidence base for the evaluation and management of dizziness.Kevin A. Kerber & A. Mark Fendrick - 2010 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (1):186-191.
  41.  74
    Alexander of aphrodisias and others on a controversial demonstration in aristotle’s modal syllogistic.Kevin L. Flannery - 1993 - History and Philosophy of Logic 14 (2):201-214.
    (1993). Alexander of aphrodisias and others on a controversial demonstration in aristotle’s modal syllogistic. History and Philosophy of Logic: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 201-214.
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  42.  74
    Carrie Chapman Catt and the Evolutionary Politics of Sex and Race, 1885-1940.Kevin Scott Amidon - 2007 - Journal of the History of Ideas 68 (2):305-328.
    Carrie Chapman Catt's engagement of race remains controversial. This article argues that there are two elements to Catt's career-long use of evolutionary arguments to map questions of sex and race. For Catt, evolutionary change instantiated (macroevolutionary) progress, but this progress depended on sex and race as linked categories of (microevolutionary) differentiation. In her arguments, the sexes always participate together in the same trajectory of evolutionary progress. Race, however, is a contingent category: different races can, but also may not, participate together (...)
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  43.  12
    Feminism and the body: interdisciplinary perspectives.Catherine Kevin (ed.) - 2009 - Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.
    By definition, feminism is concerned with the historical, social and political meanings of sexual difference in the human body, and the spectrum of experiences those meanings produce. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, gendered forms of violence persist, abortion remains a political issue, reproductive and cosmetic technologies and their concomitant ethical questions are proliferating, and the presence of women's bodies in public spaces and for public consumption produces a range of anxieties about women's well-being and the common good. Feminist (...)
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  44.  29
    Ranken on Disharmony and Business Ethics.Kevin Gibson - 1989 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 6 (2):209-214.
    ABSTRACT This article is a response to Nani Ranken's paper ‘Morality in business: disharmony and its consequences’ . There she attacked the analogy sometimes made between businesses and persons, and concluded that businesses cannot be regarded as moral agents. Her thesis relies centrally on a very strict notion of a person's ‘true good’. By exploring and expanding the concepts of ‘true good’ and ‘moral agency’ we are able to recover a sense in which businesses are indeed members of the moral (...)
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  45.  44
    Symmetries of the kingdom: Suggestions from Girard and Bonhoeffer on thinking the church-state relation.Kevin Lenehan - 2010 - Heythrop Journal 51 (4):567-581.
    The work of René Girard invites us to re-imagine a ‘religious–secular’ interactivity within social space in a way released from the violent dualisms of the ‘sacred/profane.’ Earlier Dietrich Bonhoeffer considered the same task and suggested directions for a positive theology of church-state relations, even as the inherited forms of these institutions were collapsing about him. This paper explores the Girardian scenario for church and state becoming rivalrous ‘doubles’– whether it be secular utopic projects doubling religious narratives of redemption, or churches (...)
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  46.  53
    "the Doctor Quarrels With Some Pictures": Exegesis And Animals In Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica.Kevin Killeen - 2007 - Early Science and Medicine 12 (1):1-27.
    This essay explores Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia epidemica, with its lengthy book on 'errors' in animal lore. In the limited critical literature on Browne's natural history, this author is generally seen as stumbling towards a zoological idiom and clearing away the emblematic 'clutter' of earlier writers on natural history—Gesner, Aldrovandi, Topsell or Franzius. This essay proposes that Browne is working with a more complex set of co-ordinates in his thought, beyond his experimental inclinations and his Aristotelian assumptions. It will explore the (...)
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  47. A cognitive neuroscience framework for understanding causal reasoning and the law.Jonathan Fugelsang & Dunbar & Kevin - 2006 - In Semir Zeki & Oliver Goodenough, Law and the Brain. Oxford University Press.
     
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  48. A Bayesian metric for evaluating machine learning algorithms.Lucas Hope & Kevin Korb - unknown
     
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  49.  57
    Modern languages in the school curriculum: A philosophical view.Kevin Williams - 1991 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 25 (2):247–258.
    This article is based on an analysis of two types of argument, called utilitarian and educational respectively, which are commonly used to justify the teaching of modern/foreign languages in schools. Serious flaws are identified in the utilitarian arguments often employed to defend the teaching of modern languages and different educational arguments which might be offered as justification for their inclusion in the school curriculum are distinguished and appraised. The paper concludes with a consideration of the implications of the foregoing analysis (...)
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  50.  26
    Presburger arithmetic, rational generating functions, and quasi-polynomials.Kevin Woods - 2015 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 80 (2):433-449.
    Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition. We characterize sets that can be defined by a Presburger formula as exactly the sets whose characteristic functions can be represented by rational generating functions; a geometric characterization of such sets is also given. In addition, ifp= are a subset of the free variables in a Presburger formula, we can define a counting functiong to be the number of solutions to the formula, for a givenp. We show that (...)
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