PurposeOlder adults aged 60 years and above are classified as being of high-risk for infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the associations of psychological factors of preventive behaviors with three preventive behaviors among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was administered via SOJUMP, a widely used online survey platform in China. A total of 928 older adults were recruited using a snowball sampling approach from Hubei Province and outside Hubei Province in China (...) during May 18, 2020 to June 7, 2020. Multiple hierarchical regressions were conducted with four models to examine the association between demographic, past behavior, psychological factors and each preventive behavior.Principal FindingsAll three preventive behaviors in older adults increased dramatically during the pandemic of COVID-19. Gender, living status, educational level, past behavior, health knowledge, intention and planning significantly predicted hand washing behavior, R2 = 0.395, F = 54.372, p < 0.001. Gender, education level, important others infection, past behavior, health knowledge, planning and action control significantly predicted mask wearing behavior, R2 = 0.202, F = 23.197, p < 0.001. Living place, past behavior and health knowledge significantly predicted social distancing behavior, R2 = 0.204, F = 26.201, p < 0.001.Major ConclusionsPast behavior and health knowledge predicted all three preventive behaviors. Planning was an important psychological factor for both hand washing and mask wearing behaviors. All those critical demographic and psychological factors are critical for future interventions to facilitate older adults to comply with three preventive behaviors in daily life and to stay healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

As a rapidly growing emerging capital market, China has attracted the attention of both investors and scholars. To alleviate the expectation of external users of listed companies’ financial statements to “discount” items in levels 2 and 3 of the fair value measurement, listed companies will treat these items as conditional conservatism. It refers to the conservatism of companies when confirming bad news of unrealized gains and losses sooner than confirming good news. A sample was selected for empirical analysis to verify (...) the existence of this relationship. The results are as follows: the higher the proportion of levels 2 and 3 fair value measurements, the stronger the conditional conservatism of the company’s profit and loss; the higher the proportion of cash holding of operating activities in a company’s operating profit and the higher the audit quality, the higher the proportion of levels 2 and 3 fair value hierarchy measurements, and the stronger the conditional conservatism of the company’s profit and loss; and the lesser the internal control defects in a company, the higher the proportion of levels 2 and 3 fair value hierarchy measurements, and the stronger the conditional conservatism of its profit and loss. The findings provide empirical evidence to identify listed companies adopting conditional conservatism to alleviate discounting expectations of fair value items of financial statements’ external users and provide a reference for improving the standards and regulation of listed companies. (shrink)

Reading disability has been considered as a disconnection syndrome. Recently, an increasing number of studies have emphasized the role of subcortical regions in reading. However, the majority of research on reading disability has focused on the connections amongst brain regions within the classic cortical reading network. Here, we used graph theoretical analysis to investigate whether subcortical regions serve as hubs during reading both in Chinese children with reading disability and in age-matched typically developing children using a visual rhyming judgment task (...) and a visual meaning judgment task. We found that the bilateral thalami were the unique hubs for typically developing children across both tasks. Additionally, subcortical regions were also unique hubs for typically developing children but only in the rhyming task. Among these subcortical hub regions, the left pallidum showed reduced connectivity with inferior frontal regions in the rhyming judgment but not semantic task in reading disabled compared with typically developing children. These results suggest that subcortical-cortical disconnection, which may be particularly relevant to the phonological and phonology-related learning process, may be associated with Chinese reading disability. (shrink)

The human brain shows neuroplastic adaptations induced by motor skill training. However, the description of the plastic architecture of the whole-brain network in resting-state is still limited. In the present study, we aimed to detect how motor training affected the density distribution of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) brain in fast-ball student-athletes using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of student-athletes (SA), and non-athlete healthy controls (NC). The voxel-wise data-driven graph theory approach, namely global functional connectivity density (gFCD) mapping (...) was applied. The results showed that the SA group exhibited significantly decreased gFCD in brain regions centered at left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to opercular part of left IFG and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared with NC group. The findings supported the idea of an increased neural efficiency of athletes’ brain in the brain regions associated with attentional-motor modulation and executive control. Furthermore, the behavioral results demonstrated that in the SA group, faster executive control reaction time was associated with smaller gFCD values in left IFG. The findings implied that the motor skill training would decrease the numbers of FC in IFG to accelerate the execution control with high attentional demands, and focus the attention to the target detection the athletes are interested in. (shrink)

Following the idea of L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems as introduced by Zhao et al., we will give the join-complete lattice structures of lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems. In particular, as special approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems, we will give the complete lattice structures of lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy relations. Furthermore, if L satisfies the double negative law, then there exists an order isomorphic mapping (...) between upper and lower approximation operators based on L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood systems; when L -fuzzy generalized neighborhood system is serial, reflexive, and transitive, there still exists an order isomorphic mapping between upper and lower approximation operators, respectively, and both lower and upper approximation operators based on L -fuzzy relations are complete lattice isomorphism. (shrink)

이 책의 출판에 즈음하여 글로 쓴 초상화 - 참으로 이러하셨다 일생의 좌우명 1부 - 성현의 길 1. 학문을 말하다 뜻을 구함 뜻을 세움 스스로의 인격을 위한 공부가 중요합니다 스스로 성인이 되는 공부입니다 앎과 실천 지식과 실천 학문과 수양 학문을 실천에 옮김 진리를 깊이 파고드는 방법 진리를 따름 인간과 자연을 깊이 있게 관찰하십시오 독서 방법 선현들의 책과 의문점 널리 읽음과 요약함 숨은 공부 익숙하게 하는 것이 귀하다 스스로의 허물을 고치는 약 너무 급히 나아가려 하지 말아야 합니다 공부도 건강을 유지하면서 해야 합니다 (...) 옳은 것을 배운다는 뜻 공부가 몸에 익음 스승이 있어야 하겠더군요 옛것을 살펴 그에 의지함 성현을 눈 앞에 그려봄 덕과 학문을 익힘 학문을 말함 학문의 의지 학문의 두 방법 학문하는 요령 선비 학문의 특징 선비가 학문하는 일 기氣를 기르는 일에 대하여 『대학』이 가르치는 것 『서명西銘』이라는 글 책을 쓰는 일 가르치고 배우는 법 성현을 모시고 받듦 학문의 남모르는 즐거움 일상생활에서 익힘 배우는 사람 마음의 병 2. 마음공부를 말하다 사람의 마음 마음의 본바탕 마음이 움직일 때와 고요할 때를 함께 관철하시오 마음을 알아야 합니다 마음에는 여러 모습이 있습니다 마음 닦는 공부는 이러합니다 고요함을 기르다 마음을 하나로 하여 만 가지를 주재하는 공부입니다 진리 앞에 경건한 마음을 지켜 나가는 요령 마음을 놓느냐 잡느냐에 달려 있을 뿐입니다 마음을 공부하는 방법 마음의 병을 다스리는 요령 가족에게 화를 잘 내는 일 명의재라는 집을 읊음 2부 - 처사의 길 1. 자연과 벗하며 세상을 즐기다 토계 개울가에 집을 짓고 고향 생활 산골 생활 산과 숲에 묻혀 삶 한가이 앉다 소백산에 품겨서 강물과 암석 사이 취미 생활 시 짓기 붓글씨 기행문 쓰기 국화 길에 서리 내리다 눈 속 대나무를 노래함 달구경 대숲의 맑은 바람 매화가지 끝에 밝은 달 봄을 느끼다 연꽃을 사랑함 세상 더나 살아서 계절마다 좋은 점 월란대 절에 묵으며 감회를 적음 벼랑 위의 참나무 2. 스스로 경계하며 사람들과 함께하다 몸가짐 학자의 병 착실한 공부 입으로 하는 학문 요행을 기뻐하지 마라 끝내 성과가 없는 사람 과장하여 빛내려 하지 말라 너무 빠른 성공은 좋지 않습니다 날마다 노력함 과감한 힘 세속의 흐름을 다르지 않기 학문의 타락 스스로를 구짖음의 한계 변명하지 않음 공부를 하다 말다 하는 병폐 꿋꿋해야 합니다 공변된 마음 납작바위 이익 추구와 도의 참다운 이익 밭을 사는 일 참다운 우정 친분이 있는 사람과 없는 사람 스승과 제자 사이의 에절 어른 앞에서는 이름을 부른다 평소의 예절 도리와 인정 위생의 이치를 지킴 가난을 참으며 순리대로 살아라 칭찬 듣는 것이 걱정 퇴게 선생의 예절 생활 퇴게 선생의 협동과 검소함 남이 보지 않는 곳에서 더욱 삼가셨다 퇴계 선생이 바라는 것 평소에 품고 있는 뜻 3부 - 제가의 길, 치국의 길 1. 집안을 꾸리다 부부 사이의 존경 부부 사이의 애도하는 정과 효도 지극한 효도와 참다운 효도의 이치 몸을 훼손하여 효도하는 일 부모를 위하여 직접 음식을 만드는 일 지조 있게 부모 모시기 효도하기 위해 벼슬하는 일 부모를 욕되게 함 부모의 상례와 인정 어버이로서의 자식 걱정 어버이의 적절한 자식 사랑 남의 어버이와 나이 많은 사람 섬기기 어른을 존중하는 것이 시초이다 조상의 업적을 기록하는 일 혼인 예물을 분수에 맞게 하자 예식을 정하는 일 제사 예절 상례 예절 가정생활 가정을 거느리는 일상생활에서도...... 2. 나라를 생각하다 벼슬살이 선비의 벼슬살이 벼슬 생활 벼슬을 사양하는 이유 벼슬을 사양하는 도리 개혁의 어려움 신의와 예절 임금과 신하 사이의 예우와 도리 임금의 이기심에 대하여 임금의 정치 방법 참된 교육을 위하여 서원을 키워야 합니다 선비의 귀함 선비를 양성하는 일 「예안향약」의 조목들 나랏일 걱정 병적 조사에 대하여 백성 걱정 세금 걷는 일 대마도 주인에게 답함 왜의 사신을 끊지 말기를 바라는 상소 압록강 세 섬의 밭갈이를 금함 의주성의 지리 부록 ᆞ생애 1. 탄생 2. 학문에 뜻을 세우다 3. 벼슬살이 시절 4. 학문과 교육의 시절 5. 돌아가신 뒤 6. 근현대의 퇴계학 ᆞ경공부 입문 ᆞ퇴계의 도학 찾아보기. (shrink)

This is a book dedicated to Professor George F. McLean (1929-2016). A group of distinguished scholars from all parts of the world provide personal reminiscences, recollections and reflections on the global outreach of McLean's philosophical work and his legacy. Authors are from such countries as Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, Zimbabwe, etc.

1. Sŏron -- 2. Ŭisik ŭi chonggyojŏk ch'ŭngmyŏn -- 3. Yŏng : Chŏng Yag-yong ŭi simnon -- 4. Yŏngch'e : Chŏng Yag-yong ŭi insŏngnon -- 5. 'Yŏngch'e' insŏngnon esŏ pon ch'ŏnin kwan'gye -- 6. Kyŏllon.

Martin Honecker, Hauptherausgeber des Evangelischen Soziallexikons, hat in besonderem Masse zur Profilierung der Evangelischen Soziallehre in der Zeit zwischen 1970 und 2000 beigetragen. In diesem Band soll die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Sozialethik dieser Zeit in den Blick genommen werden, es soll aber auch gefragt werden, welche Herausforderungen sich mittlerweile - insbesondere angesichts des gegenwartigen theologisch-sozialethischen Diskurses - fur die Aufgabenfelder einer Evangelischen Soziallehre ergeben.Eroffnet wird der Band mit einem ausfuhrlichen Interview mit Martin Honecker zur Genese seiner sozialethischen Position. Es folgen (...) Beitrage zu zentralen Themen heutiger Sozialethik. Schliesslich erfolgt eine Wurdigung des theologisch-sozialethischen Ansatzes Martin Honeckers unter Einbeziehung einer vollstandigen Liste seiner Veroffentlichungen. (shrink)

Residual useful lifetime prediction plays a key role of failure prediction and health management in equipment. Aiming at the problems of residual life prediction without comprehensively considering multistage and individual differences in equipment performance degradation at present, we explore a prediction model that can fit the multistage random performance degradation. Degradation modeling is based on the random Wiener process. Moreover, according to the degradation monitoring data of the same batch of equipment, we apply the expectation maximization algorithm to estimate the (...) prior distribution of the model. The real-time remaining life distribution of the equipment is acquired by merging prior information of real-time degradation data and historical degradation monitoring data. The accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated by analyzing a practical case of metalized film capacitors, and the result shows that a better RUL estimation accuracy can be provided by our model compared with existing models. (shrink)

The reform of China’s one-child policy allows families to have more children and thus may affect anticipation of intergenerational succession of family businesses and drive family firms to improve their corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that the reform positively affects the CSR of family firms. We also find that the positive impact is more pronounced for family firms whose owners have fewer children, have no son, and have not yet surpassed reproductive age (older than 50), (...) which confirms the theory that anticipation of intergenerational succession drives CSR in such firms. Moreover, we find that the positive impact is more pronounced for firms that operate in environments where CSR is more strategically important. We validate our findings by showing that the reform prompts investment in value-enhancing CSR and curtails short-termism. This study offers novel evidence that government policies conducive to intergenerational succession in family firms can lead to not only strategic CSR but also to truly ethical corporate behaviour. (shrink)

tập 1. Từ khởi nguyên đến thế kỷ XIV.

Cancer drugs are broadly classified into two categories: cytotoxic chemotherapies and targeted therapies that specifically modulate the activity of one or more proteins involved in cancer. Major advances have been achieved in targeted cancer therapies in the past few decades, which is ascribed to the increasing understanding of molecular mechanisms for cancer initiation and progression. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies and small molecules have been developed to interfere with a specific molecular oncogenic target. Targeting gain‐of‐function mutations, in general, has been productive. However, (...) it has been a major challenge to use standard pharmacologic approaches to target loss‐of‐function mutations of tumor suppressor genes. Novel approaches, including synthetic lethality and collateral vulnerability screens, are now being developed to target gene defects in p53, PTEN, and BRCA1/2. Here, we review and summarize the recent findings in cancer genomics, drug development, and molecular cancer biology, which show promise in targeting tumor suppressors in cancer therapeutics. (shrink)

At present, in the context of the era of energy and digital reform enabling the “dual carbon” goal, in order to improve the performance of urban green innovation, digitalization has become more and more important. Based on panel data, taking 228 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019 as an example, this study expounds three dimensions of promoting green innovation performance in the internal mechanism of digital development: direct transmission mechanism, indirect transmission mechanism, and regional heterogeneity transmission mechanism. This (...) article uses mechanism analysis and adopts a dynamic spatial panel model and systematic GMM method to empirically test the growth effect of green innovation performance endowed by digitization. This article found that green innovation performance showed regional heterogeneity and urban heterogeneity after adding carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, and digital development significantly improved the level of innovation performance. Further research found that digitalization has a positive impact on technological innovation, and technological innovation also has a positive impact on green innovation performance. And technological innovation plays a mediating role between digitalization and green innovation performance. Different intensities of environmental regulation play a positive moderating role in the impact of digitalization on green innovation performance. (shrink)

With the expansion of the digital business line, the network flow behind the digital power grid is also exploding. To prevent network congestion, this article proposes a novel network flow forecasting model, which is composed of variational mode decomposition, GRU-xgboost block, and a forecasting adjustment block, to grasp the changing patterns and trends of network flow in advance, and to formulate reasonable and effective flow management strategies and meet the requirements of users for network service quality. The network flow series (...) in power grid enterprise always contain complex patterns and outliers, and VMD is applied to adaptively process complex net flow time series into several subseries with simpler patterns. A GRU-xgboost block is designed to reconstruct the features of historical series. Then, xgboost model is applied to generate predictions for all decomposed subsignals. For the final predictions, we design a forecasting adjustment block to further remove the influence of random noise. Finally, the empirical results show the superior performance of the proposed model on network flow forecasting task. (shrink)

Public concern over major agricultural product safety incidents, such as swine flu and avian flu, can intensify financial losses in the livestock and poultry industries. Crawler technology were applied to reviewed the Weibo social media discussions on the African Swine Fever incident in China that was reported on 3 August 2018, and used content analysis and network analysis to specifically examine the online public opinion network dissemination characteristics of verified individual users, institutional users and ordinary users. It was found that: (...) attention paid to topics related to “epidemic,” “treatment,” “effect” and “prevent” decrease in turn, with the interest in “prevent” increasing significantly when human infections were possible; verified individual users were most concerned about epidemic prevention and control and play a supervisory role, the greatest concern of institutional users and ordinary users were issues related to agricultural industry and agricultural products price fluctuations respectively; among institutional users, media was the main opinion leader, and among non-institutional users, elites from all walks of life, especially the food safety personnel acted as opinion leaders. Based on these findings, some policy suggestions are given: determine the nature of the risk to human health of the safety incident, stabilizing prices of relevant agricultural products, and giving play to the role of information dissemination of relevant institutions. (shrink)

This chapter contains section titled: Literary Revolution and its Meaning The Naturalistic Conception of the Universe and the Experimentalist Method History of Chinese Philosophy and Systematizing the National Heritage Political Philosophy and Liberalism Hu Shi as an Enlightenment Philosopher.

This study examined how self-worth of students mediated and moderated their perceived positive teacher-student relationships and student engagement among middle-school students from rural China. Eighth graders completed surveys measuring their perceived relationships with teachers, their self-worth, and engagement. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations among all three variables, with the strongest being between teacher-student relationships and student engagement. The structural equation modeling indicated that self-worth partially mediated the effect of teacher-student relationships on student engagement; however, positive teacher-student relationships were a stronger (...) predictor. Multigroup analyses identified self-worth as a moderator, whereby students with lower self-worth were more reliant on positive teacher-student relationships to enhance their engagement. This study provides insights into how self-worth of students and their perceived positive teacher-student relationships influence their academic engagement in disadvantaged rural areas of China. (shrink)

本卷收入胡适哲学与文化方面的论文、函牍、讲演、札记80余篇。其中包括实验主义、我们对于西洋近代文明的态度等重要文章。所收文章全面反映了胡适哲学思想、学术主张和对于中西文化的态度,对于了解和研究胡适本人 以及现代中国学术史、现代中国启蒙运动等内容。.

Objective: Automatic detection of auditory stimuli, represented by the mismatch negativity, facilitates rapid processing of salient stimuli in the environment. The amplitude of MMN declines with ageing. However, whether automatic detection of auditory stimuli is affected by visually perceived negative emotions with normal ageing remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate how fearful facial expressions affect the MMN amplitude under ageing.Methods: We used a modified oddball paradigm to analyze the amplitude of N100 and MMN in 22 young adults and 21 middle-aged (...) adults.Results: We found that the amplitude of N1 elicited by standard tones was smaller under fearful facial expressions than neutral facial expressions and was more negative for young adults than middle-aged adults. The MMN amplitude under fearful facial expressions was greater than neutral facial expressions, but the amplitude in middle-aged adults was smaller than in young adults.Conclusion: Visually perceived negative emotion promotes the extraction of auditory features. Additionally, it enhances the effect of auditory change detection in middle-aged adults but fails to compensate for this decline with normal ageing.Significance: The study may help to understand how visually perceived emotion affects the early stage of auditory information processing from an event process perspective. (shrink)

This paper provides a detailed description of the recommendation system and collaborative filtering algorithm to optimize the English learning platform through the collaborative filtering algorithm and analyses the algorithmic principles and specific techniques of collaborative filtering. After introducing the recommendation system and collaborative filtering algorithm, this paper elaborates on the theoretical basis and technical principles of the recommendation algorithm based on cognitive ability and difficulty and provides an in-depth analysis of the design and implementation of the recommendation algorithm by combining (...) cognitive diagnosis theory, readability formula, and English knowledge map, which provides a comprehensive and solid theoretical guidance and support for the application development of the online English learning platform. The system is tested by building a Spring Cloud platform, importing actual business data, focusing on the validation of the recommendation model, and connecting the recommendation system to the formal production system to analyse the recommendation effect. Compared with the original recommendation method, the online English learning platform designed and implemented in this paper based on the cognitive ability and difficulty collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm has a better recommendation effect. The system is proved to be well designed and has certain reference and guiding value for the whole web-based online learning platform and has a broader application prospect nowadays and in the future. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and (...) made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

di yi juan. Wen yi mei xue -- di er juan. Zhongguo gu dian wen yi xue -- di san juan. Bi jiao wen yi xue --di si juan. Wen hua mei xue -- di wu juan. Mei de zhui xun.