The psychosocial impacts of natural disasters are associated with the triggering of negative and positive responses in the affected population; also, such effects are expressed in an individual and collective sphere. This can be seen in several reactions and behaviors that can vary from the development of individual disorders to impacts on interpersonal relationships, cohesion, communication, and participation of the affected communities, among others. The present work addressed the psychosocial impacts of the consequences of natural disasters considering individual effects via (...) the impact of trauma and community effects, through the perception of social well-being, the valuation of the community and the social exchange of emotions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between individual reactions (i.e., intensity of trauma) and the evaluation of social and collective circumstances (i.e., social well-being) after the earthquake of 27F 2010 in Chile, through collective-type intervention variables not used in previous studies (i.e., social sharing of emotions and community appraisal). For this purpose, a descriptive,ex postfacto correlational and cross-sectional methodology was carried on, with the participation of 487 people affected by the 2010 earthquake, 331 women (68%) and 156 men (32%), between 18 and 58 years old (M= 21.09;SD= 5.45), from the provinces of Ñuble and Biobío, VIII region, Chile. The measurement was carried out 4 years after the earthquake and the results show that greater individual than collective involvements were found, mainly in the coastal zone of the region. The mediation analysis showed that the relationship between the intensity of the trauma and social well-being occurs through a route that considers social sharing of emotions and community appraisal. These results indicate that the overcoming of individual affectations to achieve social well-being occurs when in the immediate post-disaster phases the affected communities activate shared emotional and cognitive processes, which allow them to jointly face subsequent threats and abrupt changes. (shrink)

ABSTRACTA conditional is natural if it fulfils the three following conditions. It coincides with the classical conditional when restricted to the classical values T and F; it satisfies the Modus Ponens; and it is assigned a designated value whenever the value assigned to its antecedent is less than or equal to the value assigned to its consequent. The aim of this paper is to provide a ‘bivalent’ Belnap-Dunn semantics for all natural implicative expansions of Kleene's strong 3-valued matrix with two (...) designated elements. (shrink)

Medical practice should evolve alongside medical ethics. As our understanding of the ethical implications of physician-patient interactions becomes more nuanced, physicians should integrate those lessons into practice. As early as the 1930s, epidemiological studies began to identify that the rates of medical procedures varied significantly along geographic and socioeconomic lines. Dr. J. Alison Glover recognized that tonsillectomy rates in school children in certain school districts in England and Wales were in some cases eight times the rates of children in other (...) districts, with the only significant predictive factors being the current chief medical officer in the area and the socioeconomic well-being of the child's parents. Unfortunately, Dr. Glover's work revealed that the increase in tonsillectomies did not improve the health of adolescent patients and appeared to be performed “as a routine prophylactic ritual for no particular reason and with no particular result.”. (shrink)

Drug misuse is a complex social and health problem. People who use drugs have very specific profiles according to their life cycle and sociocultural circumstances. For this reason, contextualized approaches are needed in addiction interventions that take on board the particularities of consumption patterns and their circumstances. The storytelling technique as a narrative communication strategy can serve as the main methodological intervention component that enhances this contextualized approach.

Uno de los autores hispanomusulmanes que hasta la fecha no había podido ser identificado es Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ al-Andalusī, a quien se atribuyen dos breves tratados sobre medicina. Un estudio de los manuscritos conservados de ambas obras, así como la revisión de algunas fuentes y estudios recientemente publicados, nos permiten identificar a este autor con el morisco granadino Muḥammad b. Abī l-‛Āṣī (o Muhhemed Bulhaç), médico que en la primera mitad del s. XVII abandonó la Península Ibérica (...) para residir durante algunos años en Estambul y posteriormente en El Cairo, donde se pierde su pista en el año 1637. En el presente artículo, expondremos todos los datos biográficos disponibles de este personaje, y haremos un breve análisis de sus dos tratados. (shrink)

In our paper “A general characterization of the variable-sharing property by means of logical matrices”, a general class of so-called “Relevant logical matrices”, RMLs, is defined. The aim of this paper is to define a class of simpler Relevant logical matrices RMLs′serving the same purpose that RMLs, to wit: any logic verified by an RML′has the variable-sharing property and related properties predicable of the logic of entailment E and of the logic of relevance R.

Un lugar común en nuestros días es reconocer la gran importancia que tiene hoy el cambio tecnológico. El ritmo creciente de ese cambio, el enorme volumen de recursos públicos que consume y los evidentes riesgos e impactos asociados a la tecnología han hecho que ésta ocupe hoy un lugar destacado en las agendas políticas, los medios de comunicación y la opinión pública. En efecto, las últimas décadas han sido testigo de una creciente sensibilización social sobre los problemas relacionados con políticas (...) de innovación tecnológica e intervención ambiental, incluyendo por supuesto tecnologías sociales y organizativas como el sistema de salud o la planificación urbana. No es por tanto una sorpresa que la participación pública en estas políticas constituya hoy día un importante reto para las sociedades democráticas. En la primera parle de este trabajo comentaremos los motivos y condiciones de dicha participación, y revisaremos críticamente las principales iniciativas institucionales que, en tal sentido, han sido ensayadas o propuestas para democratizar el cambio tecnológico. Sobre esta base, en la segunda parte, realizaremos una valoración de la realidad española y discutiremos la posibilidad de adaptar a la misma este tipo de iniciativas. (shrink)

Résumé Plusieurs aspects de la personnalité, de la pensée et de l’œuvre de Don Vasco de Quiroga sont aujourd’hui connus, mais un approfondissement de sa pensée juridique permettrait de mieux comprendre les motivations de son action en Nouvelle-Espagne et dans la région du Michoacán. Il convient pour ce faire de replacer le personnage dans le cadre conceptuel, institutionnel et juridique où il s’est formé et où il a évolué tout au long de sa vie. Versé dans les différents systèmes de (...) lois existant à l’époque, il fera siennes les lois romaines qu’il respectait comme l’œuvre de savants vénérables tout en fondant sa mission évangélique au Mexique sur les canons de l’Église. Le droit qui va réglementer les villages qu’il crée sur un modèle nouveau sera en outre fondé sur la coutume qui vient d’en-bas. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los discursos de las mujeres/garzonas, que trabajan en las salas de cerveza (schoperías) sobre la discriminación de género y los modelos relacionales que se establecen en estos espacios entre clientes y garzonas. Se postula que estos aspectos recién mencionados, coadyuvan a la permanencia de una identidad masculina hegemónica, que se intensifica en el contexto de la minería. Los antecedentes obtenidos muestran que las garzonas- en su mayoría mujeres oriundas de los países limítrofes y/o del sur de Chile-, (...) se encuentran afectadas por una situación de vulnerabilidad social y económica, precariedad laboral y, además, cargan con una serie de imaginarios sociales en torno a ellas, a los lugares en los que trabajan (schoperías) y a la ciudad en la que habitan. Es decir, son mujeres discriminadas. Estas trabajadoras se encuentran atrapadas entre el proceso de crecimiento económico y atracción que ofrece la industria minera en el norte del país y, a la vez, a las expectativas que tienen por mejorar su situación familiar. Asimismo, se ven confrontadas por la fuerza de un sistema sociocultural de sexo/género hegemónico que favorece relaciones de poder asimétricas y la subordinación femenina, lo que contribuye a reforzar identidades de género y modelos relacionales de inequidad, que son naturalizados en este entorno productivo. (shrink)

LCo with the Converse Ackermann Property is defined as the result of restricting Contraction in LC. Intuitionistic and Superintuitionistic Negation is shown to be compatible with the CAP.

The present paper is inspired by Sylvan and Plumwood’s logicBM defined in “Non-normal relevant logics” and by their treatmentof negation with the ∗-operator in “The semantics of first-degree en-tailment”. Given a positive logic L including Routley and Meyer’sbasic positive logic and included in either the positive fragment of Eor in that of RW, we investigate the essential De Morgan negation ex-pansions of L and determine all the deductive relations they maintainto each other. A Routley-Meyer semantics is provided for each logicdefined (...) in the paper. (shrink)

A restriction of R-Mingle with the variable-sharing property and the Ackermann properties is defined. From an intuitive semantical point of view, this restriction is an alternative to Anderson and Belnap’s logic of entailment E.

Este artículo examina el debate acerca de si el delirio de inserción de pensamiento constituye un contraejemplo para el denominado principio de inmunidad al error a través de la mala identificación. Luego de distinguir diferentes formulaciones del principio en la literatura, concluimos que el fenómeno delirante en cuestión no constituye un contraejemplo para el principio examinado. En la parte final se clarifica el concepto de autoadscripción psicológica y su uso relativo a los pronombres de primera persona en el contexto del (...) debate acerca de la relación entre inserción de pensamiento e inmunidad al error a través de la mala identificación. (shrink)

Let \ be distintict wffs, \ being an odd number equal to or greater than 1. Intuitionistic Propositional Logic IPC plus the axiom \\vee...\vee \vee \) is equivalent to Gödel-Dummett logic LC. However, if \ is an even number equal to or greater than 2, IPC plus the said axiom is a sublogic of LC.

In a standard sense, consistency and paraconsistency are understood as the absence of any contradiction and as the absence of the ECQ (‘E contradictione quodlibet’) rule, respectively. The concepts of weak consistency (in two different senses) as well as that of F -consistency have been defined by the authors. The aim of this paper is (a) to define alternative (to the standard one) concepts of paraconsistency in respect of the aforementioned notions of weak consistency and F -consistency; (b) to define (...) the concept of strong paraconsistency; (c) to build up a series of strongly paraconsistent logics; (d) to define the basic constructive logic adequate to a rather weak sense of consistency. All logics treated in this paper are strongly paraconsistent. All of them are sound and complete in respect a modification of Routley and Meyer’s ternary relational semantics for relevant logics (no logic in this paper is relevant). (shrink)

The natural instinct for members of the Committee on Publication Ethics, which now number almost 12,200, as well as academia, is to assume that this organization works under strict and clearly defined ethical parameters, with a solid vision, and an independent mandate that is not influenced by power, think tanks, or partisan interests. Naturally, whistle-blowing and science shaming are not practices that one would usually associate with an ethics organization like COPE, because they involve ethically and morally questionable practices. Despite (...) this, ethical borders have become blurred between the objectives of Retraction Watch and PubPeer, two self-moderated science watchdogs that rely heavily on these questionable practices, in their efforts to grow and survive, and the values espoused by COPE. A Retraction Watch post, in which the former COPE Chair, Virginia Barbour, made a claim of apparent harassment, is the most striking example of the dangers when collaboration may take place between science-shaming websites, and an ethics organization, COPE. These bonds appear to have been in development for a number of years already, with the inclusion of Elizabeth Wager, the former COPE Chair, as a director of The Center for Science Integrity Inc., Retraction Watch’s parent organization. Retraction Watch was financed by, among other groups, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, whose leader, John Arnold, an ex-Enron trader, declared a “war on bad science”, which may naturally include the destruction of aspects of science as well. Retraction Watch embraces several infamous pseudonymous personas under the broad umbrella of freedom of speech, liaising thereby with PubPeer. There is no doubt that errors in the literature need correcting, but this apparent connection with COPE raises questions about the basic ethical foundation of this relationship. Are scientists to embrace this bond between COPE and science watchdogs and pseudonymous whistle-blowers as the new normal in the correction of the scientific literature? This opinion piece puts forward arguments why the author believes that the ethical compass of COPE has become skewed. (shrink)

Resumen En la presente nota crítica entablo una polémica con la obra Cuando los filósofos políticos se equivocan de Guillermo Lariguet. Este libro plantea la necesidad de pensar cómo una filosofía política responsable, ética y epistémicamente, ha de llevar a la reflexión sobre la política y lo político el rigor y la voluntad de imparcialidad que definen el pensar filosófico. Abordo los conceptos centrales de Lariguet desde una visión crítica tomando como referentes algunos tópicos del campo de la filosofía política. (...) Para tal fin, expongo el contexto de la obra, reviso varias de sus ideas y cierro con algunas reflexiones propias.This critical note discusses the book When the Political Philosophers are Wrong by Guillermo Lariguet, which raises the need to think how an ethically and epistemically responsible political philosophy must bring to the reflection on politics and politics the rigor and willingness to impartiality that define philosophical thinking. I examine Lariguet’s central concepts from a critical perspective taking as references topics from the field of political philosophy. For this purpose, I describe the context of the work, I review some of the ideas contained in it and close by putting forward certain thoughts of my own. (shrink)

Huberto Marraud es un filósofo formado en la lógica formal clásica que publicó sus tres primeros libros a finales del siglo pasado: Sistemas deductivos tipo Gentzen (con P. Navarro, 1988), Teoría de modelos elemental (1990) e Introducción a la teoría de los sistemas deductivos (1998). A partir de 2007, experimentó un cierto giro que le condujo a la lógica informal, con la publicación de Methodus Argumentandi; una introducción a dicha disciplina que trata, entre otros,de sus temas tradicionales: esquemas argumentativos y (...) falacias.¿Es lógic@? es una continuación de dicha obra. En ella el autor profundiza en la lógica informal como herramienta de análisis y evaluación de argumentos, elaborando un manual sucinto e imprescindible de teoría de la argumentación. (shrink)