In a modern democratic society appearance has great importance. This is especially true of the dress code in health care sphere. More recently, changing your appearance by getting tattoos and body modifications has been decried by different generations in the medical community. However, what is significance of appearance of a medical officer during epidemiological instability around the world? The response to this question was given in our study. The objectives of the study are: to interrogate the attitude of medical university (...) students to medical officers with tattoos as well as to identify medical students who are "exposed" to the fashionable trend of tattoos and body modifications. To implement these objectives, the study involved 106 medical students of various levels of degree and faculties of Rostov state medical University. The results of the study showed that the majority of medical students has not resorted to changes in their appearance, although tattoos and body modifications did not avoid the community of medical students. (shrink)

Background: People with a personality disorder suffer from enduring inflexible patterns in cognitions and emotions, leading to significant subjective distress, affecting both self and interpersonal functioning. In clinical practice, Dance Movement Therapy is provided to clients with a PD, and although research continuously confirms the value of DMT for many populations, to date, there is very limited information available on DMT and PD. For this study, a systematic literature review on DMT and PD was conducted to identify the content of (...) the described DMT interventions and the main treatment themes to focus upon in DMT for PD.Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE, PsycINFO/OVID, and SCOPUS following the PRISMA guidelines. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies was used to rank the quality of the articles. The Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine standards were applied to determine the hierarchical level of best evidence. Quantitative content analysis was used to identify the intervention components: intended therapeutic goals, therapeutic activities leading to these goals, and suggested therapeutic effects following from these activities. A thematic synthesis approach was applied to analyze and formulate overarching themes.Results: Among 421 extracted articles, four expert opinions met the inclusion criteria. Six overarching themes were found for DMT interventions for PD: self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, integration of self, processing experiences, cognition, and expression and symbolization in movement/dance. No systematic descriptions of DMT interventions for PD were identified. A full series of intervention components could be synthesized for the themes of self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, and cognition. The use of body-oriented approaches and cognitive strategies was in favor of dance-informed approaches.Conclusions: Dance movement therapists working with PD clients focus in their interventions on body-related experiences, non-verbal interpersonal relationships, and to a lesser extent, cognitive functioning. A methodological line for all intervention components was synthesized for the themes of self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, and cognition, of importance for developing systematic intervention descriptions. Future research could focus on practitioners' expertise in applying DMT interventions for PD to develop systematic intervention descriptions and explore the suitability of the identified themes for clinical application. Clients' experiences could offer essential insights on how DMT interventions could address PD pathology and specific PD categories. (shrink)

Costly signalling theory has become a common explanation for honest communication when interests conflict. In this paper, we provide an alternative explanation for partially honest communication that does not require significant signal costs. We show that this alternative is at least as plausible as traditional costly signalling, and we suggest a number of experiments that might be used to distinguish the two theories.

This first volume of Heidegger’s Gesamtausgabe reprints his 1972 collection of the same title, but with some additions. The 1972 edition contained three works: his doctoral dissertation on "The Theory of Judgment in Psychologism", the habilitation work on "Duns Scotus’s Theory of Categories and Meaning", and the lecture on "The Concept of Time in Historical Science". The present volume adds the article "The Problem of Reality in Modern Philosophy" and the long review "New Research on Logic," both from 1912, as (...) well as shorter book reviews from 1913-14. The new volume also prints eleven notes—none of them of great importance—which the young Heidegger jotted down in the margins of the original publications. Perhaps the note on "das Gelten" on p. 166 is the most useful. The title pages reproduce Heidegger’s handwritten dedication of the Gesamtausgabe to his wife, as well as the subtitle he gave to the entire endeavor a few days before he died: "Wege—nicht Werke," "Pathways—not Works.". (shrink)

Some of the best work on American philosophy is being done today in Italy, much of it surrounding Prof. Carlo Sini of the University of Milan. His Whitehead et la funzione della filosofia, Il pragmatismo americano, and most recently Semiotica e filosofia —the last in part on Pierce—has prepared a climate for even more specialized work on American thought. The book presently under review is the first full-length study in Italian on Mead’s thought in its entirety.

Full Professor of Law at the University of Padua and guest lecturer at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, Antonio Negri, born in 1933 and raised in Catholic Action, had to his credit an impressive series of works on law, historicism, and philosophy before launching himself upon the career of chief philosopher and theoretician of Leninist revolution in Italy. Domination and Sabotage is the fifth in a series of shorter works that have issued from his seminars at the University of Padua, all (...) published by Feltrinelli in the well-known series Opuscoli marxisti and all treating of the relation between advanced industrial society and proletarian revolution. The tract has enjoyed an extraordinarily wide circulation and has been hailed as a new Communist Manifesto. Its particular focus is on the question of Marxist method, and within that question its chief interest for the present reviewer is the secularized religious motif that runs through Negri’s thought. (shrink)

First delivered as a lecture course at the University of Padua by one of Italy’s most brilliant, and certainly its most controversial, Leninists, The Factory of Strategy is concerned to read Lenin in terms of contemporary Marxist exigencies, especially in advanced industrial nations. Divided unequally into five parts, it deals with: the internal dynamism of Lenin’s thought; the question of the organization of the Soviets; methodology, via Lenin’s reading of Hegel; the abolition of the state, via State and Revolution; and (...) a critical reading of Lenin’s attack on German Marxists. Throughout, the work is inspired by two convictions: that Lenin offers the most adequate methodology for revolution, and that his thought must be restructured in terms of the changed situation of the contemporary world. (shrink)

Imagine, if you can, St. Augustine convening a council in the year 430 and announcing, "Sorry, the eschaton has been cancelled. Moreover, the City of Man, with a little time and effort, will gradually transform itself into the City of God." Now imagine the dismay of certain French communists in 1976 when their party’s 22nd Congress dropped the goal of the dictatorship of the proletariat and proclaimed its dedication to a "democratic road to socialism." This imperfect analogy may allow us (...) to sense the passion that motivates Etienne Balibar’s attack on the PCF’s decision and his defense of an orthodox reading of Lenin on the dictatorship of the proletariat. (shrink)

Heidegger’s monumental Gesamtausgabe is divided into four parts. The first, from which the present book comes, will gather, in sixteen volumes, and annotate with Heidegger’s marginalia his already published works with the exception of his courses. The second part will present in some forty volumes his courses from 1923 through 1945. The third part will include some of his unpublished writings and conferences, while the fourth will be dedicated to notes and information on the works. The present work presents the (...) text of his 1950 collection of essays "unchanged"—with two exceptions. The text of the first entry, "The Origin of the Artwork," is that of the slightly revised "Reclam" edition; and, as in the previously published editions of Sein und Zeit and Wegmarken, certain "stylistic or clarificatory corrections from the hand of the author" are made in the text without notation. This practice corresponds to Heidegger’s own wishes to avoid distracting philological apparatus and to present an "Ausgabe letzter Hand.". (shrink)

In 1976 Gallimard in Paris issued: Martin Heidegger, Questions IV, which contained, among other things, the French protocols of four seminars that Heidegger held in 1966, 1968, and 1969 in Le Thor, Provence and in 1973 at his own home in Zaehringen, outside Freiburg. The present volume is the German "translation" of those protocols with the addition of a translator’s afterword, which mostly discusses the historical circumstances of the texts. The texts, then, are some four times removed from Heidegger: 1) (...) they stem from his auditors, 2) who published them in French, not German; 3) they were then "revised" and 4) translated into German. For all that, they are valuable and will probably be treated by scholars as a kind of primary source. (shrink)

After brief remarks on his childhood in Breslau, Gadamer’s philosophical-autobiographical memoir covers four periods: his time as student and Privatdozent at Marburg, his teaching at Leipzig, including two years as rector under Russian occupation, the brief interlude at Frankfurt, and the crowning years at Heidelberg, during which Wahrheit und Method was completed. Interspersed with these autobiographical reflections are personal and philosophical recollections of the intellectual greats of his time: Natorp, Scheler, Schürer, Kommerell, Reinhardt, Lipps, Jaspers, Heidegger, Krüger, and Löwith. These (...) two themes of "the self and the other" blend together smoothly, and Gadamer’s genial character suffuses the whole. (shrink)

This book is dedicated to showing that Heidegger’s work contains a philosophy of religion despite his own rejection of the term, and that Heidegger’s religious significance can best be understood and supplemented from the standpoint of American philosophy of religion, especially Leslie Dewart’s description of God in terms of meaning.

There are more philosophy teachers alive today than existed from Socrates until 1900, and this year alone there will be more "contact hours" in philosophical wisdom than in the two millenia before Descartes. One might legitimately wonder what is done with all that time and why the world is not immensely better for it. The first, if not the second, of these questions is addressed and answered in this serious, thorough and much-needed collection of essays. Eduard Fey, founder and long (...) the president of the International Society for Teachers of Philosophy, and a dozen coworkers have surveyed the historical background and present-day structure of philosophical instruction in every country of Western Europe—in sixteen essays, some as long as fifty pages, some as brief as five pages. The volume is thorough. One can learn, for example, exactly what a gymnasium senior in Luxembourg studies during his weekly three hours of philosophy. One can learn how Hans Richert tried to reform high school instruction in Germany in 1925, only to be opposed by the Catholic hierarchy’s insistence that metaphysical questions be treated only in religious instruction, or how the German Idealist Krause influenced Spanish pedagogy through his student Julian Sanz del Rio, and so on. Given the range and detail of the material, the lack of an index to the volume is keenly felt. (shrink)

They met in 1920 and for some years nurtured hopes of a cooperative renewal of Western philosophy. In June of 1921 Heidegger sent Jaspers a lengthy criticism of his Psychologie der Weltanschauungen, but Jaspers neither read it fully nor took it seriously, and thereby no doubt miffed Heidegger. When reports reached Heidelberg that the younger man was criticizing him behind his back, Jaspers confronted Heidegger and received both a categorial denial and protestations of "der alles tragende Glaube in der Liebe". (...) Apart from Heidegger’s 1921 effort, they apparently neither read nor understood each other’s work during the time of their relationship. Then everything fell apart in 1933. Perhaps there was already some tension between their wives, something never to be discounted in philosophical circles. And even though Jaspers never took Heidegger for an anti-Semite, and although he warmly congratulated him on the inaugural address as rector of Freiburg, he was shocked at Heidegger’s naïveté about Hitler and the future. They last saw each other in June of 1933, and thereafter Jaspers received damning evidence of the extent of Heidegger’s compromise. He read a copy of a 1933 letter in which Heidegger would have a certain Mr. Baumgarten excluded both from the Nazi S.A. and from teaching, due to his origins in "the liberal-democratic circle of Heidelberg intellectuals around Max Weber" and because of his association with "the Jew Frankel". Later, in 1937-38 he heard that Heidegger maintained the no longer obligatory Hitler salute before lectures. After 1936 correspondence between them ceased, but Heidegger continued sending Jaspers his publications and in 1945 requested from him a letter of support to the Freiburg commission that would decide Heidegger’s post-war academic fate. Jaspers’s letter mentioned the Baumgarten affair and said that Heidegger’s 1933 capitulation seemed to justify excluding him from teaching, but that he should have every freedom to continue his research. (shrink)

On April 3, 1995, the Fourth Circuit upheld the right of a Maryland hospital to terminate a surgeon who was HIV-positive ). A resident in the University of Maryland Neurosurgical Training Program was dismissed when hospital administrators learned of his infection with HIV. The resident, known as Dr. Doe, claimed that his termination violated federal laws protecting persons with disabilities. The court upheld the hospital's actions as lawful and affirmed the trial court's grant of summary judgment for the hospital.Dr. Doe (...) charged that his dismissal from the training program violated the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. (shrink)

This slender volume attempts to determine the role of logic in Heidegger’s thought and its incompatibility with logic as others understand it, so as to show that Heidegger’s overcoming of logic entails an overturn of philosophy as conceived since Plato. Fay carries this out in six steps: 1) Heidegger’s critique of logic is motivated by metaphysics’ forgetfulness of Being and by the need for a fundamental ontology of alëtheia; 2) the primacy of the preconceptual, prelogical grasp of Being shows that (...) not logic but "the command of Being," grasped "by a thankful gesture of acceptance", rules thought; 3) discussion of "Nothing" in Wegmarken, Carnap’s attacks thereupon, and Heidegger’s counterclaims; 4) discussion of the devolution from truth as the bond of physis-alëtheia-logos to truth as correspondence; 5) a Heideggerian view of the development of symbolic logic and its relation to technicity; 6) the overcoming of technicity in Heidegger’s meditation on language. Professor Fay concludes that Heidegger’s reflection on logos is incompatible with logic as ordinarily understood but that the attempt to overcome traditional logic delivers Heidegger’s thought not to irrationalism but to the original sense of logos. (shrink)

The power of technology to transform religions, science, and political institutions has often been presented as nothing short of revolutionary. Does technology have a similarly transformative influence on societies’ morality? Scholars have not rigorously investigated the role of technology in moral revolutions, even though existing research on technomoral change suggests that this role may be considerable. In this paper, we explore what the role of technology in moral revolutions, understood as processes of radical group-level moral change, amounts to. We do (...) so by investigating four historical episodes of radical moral change in which technology plays a noteworthy role. Our case-studies illustrate the plurality of mechanisms involved in technomoral revolutions, but also suggest general patterns of technomoral change, such as technology’s capacity to stabilize and destabilize moral systems, and to make morally salient phenomena visible or invisible. We find several leads to expand and refine conceptual tools for analysing moral change, specifically by crystallizing the notions of ‘technomoral niche construction’ and ‘moral payoff mechanisms’. Coming to terms with the role of technology in radical moral change, we argue, enriches our understanding of moral revolutions, and alerts us to the depths of which technology can change our societies in wanted and unwanted ways. (shrink)

In a previous paper (Duncan, T.L., Semura, J.S. in Entropy 6:21, 2004) we considered the question, “What underlying property of nature is responsible for the second law?” A simple answer can be stated in terms of information: The fundamental loss of information gives rise to the second law. This line of thinking highlights the existence of two independent but coupled sets of laws: Information dynamics and energy dynamics. The distinction helps shed light on certain foundational questions in statistical mechanics. For (...) example, the confusion surrounding previous “derivations” of the second law from energy dynamics can be resolved by noting that such derivations incorporate one or more assumptions that correspond to the loss of information. In this paper we further develop and explore the perspective in which the second law is fundamentally a law of information dynamics. (shrink)

The four-year wrangle over the ownership of what was then thought to have been the largest known meteorite, recognized near Melbourne in 1860, provides a fine-grained example of the interaction between scientific internationalism, metropolitan appetite for specimens, and colonial civic pride.

Brexit activists demonstrating outside the British Houses of Parliament were studied in situ to examine their potential for pro-group extreme behavior. This involved activists of two polarized, opposing views; those of Leave and Remain. The research engaged concepts linking the different theoretical perspectives of identity fusion and personal construct psychology. The study measured participants' degree of fusion to their group using a verbal measure. Willingness to undertake extreme acts was assessed in several ways: a measure of willingness to fight for (...) the group, adaptations of the trolley dilemma and questions regarding political violence. Individual construing was examined using repertory grid technique and a semi-structured interview. Results were similar for both Leave and Remain participants. The majority of activists identified as “fused” to their group and, if so, were more likely to undertake hypothetical extreme behavior compared to those who did not identify as “fused.” Repertory grid technique indicated that becoming an activist provided individuals with a clearer and more positive view of themselves. Opposition activists were construed more negatively and extremely than fellow activists, and this construal was associated with an increased willingness to undertake extreme pro-group behavior. This was consistent with the personal construct model of radicalization and was heightened in those who were “fused.” Interview data provided support for the constructivist model and revealed characteristics and concerns of the two groups. Overall, the findings indicate that campaigning organizations contain fused individuals, who are more likely to undertake hypothetical pro-group violence including self-sacrifice. This has broader implications which may be particularly pertinent, given the violent impact of extremist activists around the globe. (shrink)

Like "being" according to Aristotle, Martin Heidegger can be spoken about in many ways. Caputo has chosen one of those ways, the fruitful path of a concrete elaboration of the analogies between Eckhart’s mystical breakthrough to a trans-metaphysical understanding of God, man, thought, and will and Heidegger’s overcoming of metaphysics. Precisely this analogical kinship of structure, but not content, between the overcoming of metaphysics and the mystical leap is what Caputo means by the "mystical element" in Heidegger, viz., his appropriation (...) of Eckhart’s structural relationship between the soul and God to help in articulating the relation between Dasein and Being. The book does not try to reduce Heidegger’s thought to Eckhart’s mysticism, but rather uses the analogies and differences to highlight and criticize Heidegger’s uniqueness. Although the thinker found in Eckhart an ally whose language and structure he adapted to his own ends, the differences between them are "decisive", and "Heidegger remains his own man". In fact, speaking in criticism Caputo says: "The difficulty with Heidegger is not that he is a mystic but that he is not". (shrink)