Argentine historiography in general, and the history of the Argentine Left in particular, does not receive the attention it deserves in the Anglo-Saxon academic world, due to linguistic and cultural barriers. In this article, we attempt to review for the English-reading public three recent contributions to the history of Marxism in Argentina (Horacio Tarcus's Marx en la Argentina: Sus primeros lectores obreros, intelectuales y científicos, Hernán Camarero's A la conquista de la clase obrera: Los comunistas y el mundo (...) del trabajo en la Argentina, 1920–1935 and Osvaldo Coggiola's Historia del trotskismo en Argentina y América Latina) covering the entire historical spectrum from the early history of Argentine socialism to the history of the PCA and, finally, to the history of local Trotskyism. We attempt to place these works in the context of Argentine historiography and of the political context in which those books were written. (shrink)

Moral and political theorists who espouse Egalitarianism and Marxism tend to assume that it is extremely hard, if not impossible, to put forward an original and plausible moral justification of classical liberalism. Professor Spector is concerned to build just such a justification. He reconstructs and then criticizes a familiar approach to the moral foundations of classical liberalism which rests on the maximization of negative freedom, and then frames an alternative theory centered in the obligation to protect positive freedom. In doing (...) so he parts company not only with utilitarianism and contractarianism, but also with the theory of natural rights. Among the topics he discusses are the concepts of negative and positive freedom, the notion of a moral right, the connection between positive freedom and personal autonomy, the axiological uniqueness of each human being, and the agent-relativity of moral reasons. (shrink)

The stock of knowledge at hand is one of the most important concepts of Schutzian social theory. However, it would seem that attempts to consider the structures of the Life-World have not included social stratification in relation to the stock of knowledge at hand. By analyzing certain data from Argentina’s 2001.

The didactics of astronomy is a relatively young field with respect to that of other sciences. Historical issues have most often been part of the teaching of astronomy, although that often does not stem from a specific didactics. The teaching of astronomy is often subsumed under that of physics. One can easily consider that, from an educational standpoint, astronomy requires the same mathematical or physical strategies. This approach may be adequate in many cases but cannot stand as a general principle (...) for the teaching of astronomy. This chapter offers in a first part a brief overview of the status of astronomy education research and of the role of the history and philosophy of science (HPS) in astronomy education. In a second part, it attempts to illustrate possible ways to structure the teaching of astronomy around its historical development so as to pursue a quality education and contextualized learning. (shrink)

Resenha do livro do mesmo título de Daniel Feierstein.

Tras señalar que las investigaciones sobre la relación entre medicina y estado durante el Tercer Reich han alcanzado un desarrollo casi exponencial, el artículo postula que durante el nazismo la medicina fue servil instrumento de una estrategia global de subyugación, dirigida tanto a los pueblos sometidos por las armas como hacia la propia población alemana. Señala que el terror adujo argumentos para legitimar el exterminio de “vidas sin valor”, y condujo a desarrollar experimentos con seres humanos sobre la base de (...) una “racionalidad de fin de los tiempos”, donde los médicos participantes parecían estar liberados de todo principio de ética médica. Podemos afirmar que las investigaciones realizadas sobre esta “medicina sin humanidad” han influido profundamente en nuestra visión actual. Y la sobria constatación de que es posible tal ruptura de límites éticos puede crear bases sociales y culturales para prevenir su repetición. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is twofold: to consider in detail the objections against the existentialist view of the content of visual experience and to develop and defend a version of it that avoids these objections, solving, specifically, the so-called "particularity problem." The main thesis is that the existential content of visual experience must be understood as relativized, incomplete content (rather than a classical, complete proposition), modeled as a function of the sextuple of object, agent, time, location, causal relation, and (...) world to truth-values. (shrink)

How to accept a conditional? F. P. Ramsey proposed the following test in (Ramsey 1990).(RT) If A, then B must be accepted with respect to the current epistemic state iff the minimal hypothetical change of it needed to accept A also requires accepting B.

The article focuses on representing different forms of non-adjunctive inference as sub-Kripkean systems of classical modal logic, where the inference from □A and □B to □A ∧ B fails. In particular we prove a completeness result showing that the modal system that Schotch and Jennings derive from a form of non-adjunctive inference in (Schotch and Jennings, 1980) is a classical system strictly stronger than EMN and weaker than K (following the notation for classical modalities presented in Chellas, 1980). The unified (...) semantical characterization in terms of neighborhoods permits comparisons between different forms of non-adjunctive inference. For example, we show that the non-adjunctive logic proposed in (Schotch and Jennings, 1980) is not adequate in general for representing the logic of high probability operators. An alternative interpretation of the forcing relation of Schotch and Jennings is derived from the proposed unified semantics and utilized in order to propose a more fine-grained measure of epistemic coherence than the one presented in (Schotch and Jennings, 1980). Finally we propose a syntactic translation of the purely implicative part of Jaśkowski's system D₂ into a classical system preserving all the theorems (and non-theorems) explicilty mentioned in (Jaśkowski, 1969). The translation method can be used in order to develop epistemic semantics for a larger class of non-adjunctive (discursive) logics than the ones historically investigated by Jaśkowski. (shrink)

The recent literature offers several models of the notion of matter of fact supposition1 revealed in the acceptance of the so-called indicative conditionals. Some of those models are qualitative [Collins 90], [Levi 96], [Stalnaker 84]. Other probabilistic models appeal either to infinitesimal probability or two place probability functions. Recent work has made possible to understand which is the exact qualitative counterpart of the latter probabilistic models. In this article we show that the qualitative notion of change that thus arises is (...) hypothetical revision, a notion previously axiomatized in [Arló-Costa 97] and [Arló-Costa & Thomason 96]. This notion is incompatible with AGM as well as with other standard methods of theory change. The way in which matter-of-fact supposition is modeled by hypothetical revision is illustrated via examples. The model is compared with other qualitative accounts of the notion of supposition encoded in two-place probability functions, with models of subjunctive supposition, as well as with some of the well know models of learning. Applications in knowledge representation and in the theory of games and decisions are summarized. (shrink)

Si bien reconocemos el valor de las interpretaciones éticas del Tractatus Logicophilosophicus, creemos que muchas de estas sobredimensionan el lugar y el valor de la ética en la estructura del libro. Se analizan tales lecturas para exponer sus méritos y sus fallas, y abordar lo que llamamos "complem..

En la gestión de médicos y psicólogos bajo el “estado de excepción” en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay, la praxis profesional se situó en una tensión entre derechos humanos y ética profesional, en un contexto de amenazas institucionales, administrativas y de exigencias del aparato represivo estatal. El presente artículo expone cómo la ética profesional fue por un lado dañada sistemáticamente, ero asimismo muchas acciones fueron realizadas en su defensa y restitución.

:A good deal of contemporary moral nonconsequentialism assumes that agents have perfect knowledge about the various features and consequences of their options. This assumption is unrealistic. More often than not, moral agents can only assess with a certain degree of probability the factual circumstances that are morally relevant for their decision making. My aim in this essay is to discuss the problem of moral decisions under risk from the point of view of nonconsequentialism. Basically, I analyze how objective moral principles (...) can be transformed into subjective, decisional prescriptions, and argue that the standard nonconsequentialist approach to moral decision making, which focuses on probability thresholds, is wrong. In accordance with the fundamental postulates of nonconsequentialism, I seek to solve the problem of risk in moral choice by proposing a theory about the marginal moral value of various options. Actions can vary along various dimensions, and each of these dimensions can offer a different moral value function. Nonconsequentialist marginalism can level the playing field with consequentialism. Whereas consequentialism can simply borrow the notion of expected utility from economics, nonconsequentialism must introduce the notion of expectational obligation to formulate a general principle of moral choice under risk. I finally suggest that further empirical work is needed to delineate the shape of various moral value functions that are critical for applying the general principle of moral decision making under risk to well-known cases. View HTML Send article to KindleTo send this article to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.DECISIONAL NONCONSEQUENTIALISM AND THE RISK SENSITIVITY OF OBLIGATIONVolume 32, Issue 2Horacio Spector DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052516000121Your Kindle email address Please provide your Kindle [email protected]@kindle.com Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Dropbox To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox. DECISIONAL NONCONSEQUENTIALISM AND THE RISK SENSITIVITY OF OBLIGATIONVolume 32, Issue 2Horacio Spector DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052516000121Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Google Drive To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive. DECISIONAL NONCONSEQUENTIALISM AND THE RISK SENSITIVITY OF OBLIGATIONVolume 32, Issue 2Horacio Spector DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052516000121Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Export citation Request permission. (shrink)

In this review I present the approach, the structure and briefly the main ideas of the first chapters of this manual on recognition, chapters that are the ones that articulate the work. Synoptically, I then report the content of the articles that make up the book. The review ends with a brief assessment of the scope and importance of this manual for the subject it deals with, for its original presentation and the timeliness of its publication.

El estudio propuesto intenta ofrecer una entrada parcial pero ilustrativa del fenómeno de canonización de la figura autorial de Roberto Bolaño y su obra, desde una perspectiva sistémica, valorativa y diacrónica. El supuesto básico de este trabajo es que la lengua es un sistema social y una red de recursos de construcción de significado que se instancia a través de múltiples textos, surgidos según condiciones contextuales determinadas, orientados a la consecución de metas específicas y constreñidos por valores y reglas institucionales (...) que determinan su funcionamiento, orientación, circulación y predominancia. Se utiliza el enfoque lingüístico sistémico-funcional como marco teórico y se recurre a algunas de sus herramientas analíticas para explicar los significados interpersonales cristalizados en un texto crítico literario que sirve de ejemplo del tipo de discursos integrantes del proceso dinámico y conflictivo de formación de cánones literarios. El análisis demuestra que el texto presenta un compromiso mayoritariamente heteroglósico, pero realizado a través de uno de sus mecanismos menos explícitos y democráticos: la legislación. (shrink)

El autor presenta en primer lugar los fundamentos conceptuales que dieron origen al psicoanálisis, siguiendo las influencias de época que recibe Freud y argumentando que éste construyó el psicoanálisis como una ciencia más dentro del territorio que definieron las ciencias de la naturaleza. Luego problematiza algunos temas que la ciencia deja de lado en su consideración sobre los cuales el psicoanálisis puede aportar: el problema del sujeto de la ciencia y el problema del pensamiento y la lógica del descubrimiento.

The paper studies first order extensions of classical systems of modal logic (see (Chellas, 1980, part III)). We focus on the role of the Barcan formulas. It is shown that these formulas correspond to fundamental properties of neighborhood frames. The results have interesting applications in epistemic logic. In particular we suggest that the proposed models can be used in order to study monadic operators of probability (Kyburg, 1990) and likelihood (Halpern-Rabin, 1987).

El siguiente trabajo forma parte de un estudio más amplio sobre el tiempo y la eternidad en Confesiones de Agustín de Hipona. Esta ocasión permite sólo ocuparme de los primeros ocho libros, es decir, hasta su relato de la conversión al cristianismo como hito radical. Me ocuparé para los efectos de una reflexión gradual, exclusivamente de los pasajes donde nuestro autor en su relato del tiempo vivido nos ofrece textos que, coherentes con la obra entera, muestran cómo está presente la (...) tensión entre tiempo y eternidad. No se pretende recorrer las etapas biográficas de Agustín, sino mostrar cómo en el intento de comprensión que se da en la conciencia de nuestro autor aparece la experiencia tanto del tiempo como de la eternidad.This paper is part of a larger study of time and eternity in Agustín de Hipona's Confessions. This opportunity helps deal with only the first eight books, that is, until his account of the conversion to Christianity as a radical milestone. With this purpose, this paper presents a gradual reflection upon only the passages where De Hipona, in his account of the time lived, offers some texts that, coherent with all his works, show how the tension between time and eternity is present. De Hipona's biography is not the subject of this paper but the way in which his experience of both time and eternity emerges in his conscience in his attempt to comprehend them. (shrink)

John Dewey’s philosophy has the notion of experience as backbone. The following paper regards experience as a method for doing philosophy, and a compromise grounding the entire philosophical project made by Dewey. Experience allows connecting cognition and affection in a natural way. Smart researching and arts creationappreciation are two modes to guide the progress of experience to a deeper level of meaning and from its own resources. The ideal way (the general description) of making part of the experience –which is (...) argued, smart and aesthetic– becomes stronger in the ideal of democracy. For this reason, Dewey’s philosophy of the experience works as a manner of interpreting democratic ideals. (shrink)

It is argued that if mainstream neoclassical economics is to be compatible with the health of both the social and natural environments, then it must dispense with a purely micro-level, individual treatment of the world through market dynamics and instead embrace a complementary treatment involving macro-level, collective boundary constraints of an ethico-social-biophysical character selecting what market dynamics are permissible. In this way, economics is transformed from mere dynamics to semiotics, in accord with von Neumann’s seminal work disclosing that life is (...) to be identified with the selective action of boundary constraints of a linguistic or semiotic nature. (shrink)