Friedrich Nietzsche has emerged as one of the most important and influential modern philosophers. For several decades, the book series Monographien und Texte zur Nietzsche-Forschung (MTNF) has set the agenda in a rapidly growing and changing field of Nietzsche scholarship. The scope of the series is interdisciplinary and international in orientation reflects the entire spectrum of research on Nietzsche, from philosophy to literary studies and political theory. The series publishes monographs and edited volumes that undergo a strict peer-review process. The (...) book series is led by an international team of editors, whose work represents the full range of current Nietzsche scholarship. (shrink)

Let A be a formula without implications, and Γ consist of formulas containing disjunction and falsity only negatively and implication only positively. Orevkov and Nadathur proved that classical derivability of A from Γ implies intuitionistic derivability, by a transformation of derivations in sequent calculi. We give a new proof of this result , where the input data are natural deduction proofs in long normal form involving stability axioms for relations; the proof gives a quadratic algorithm to remove the stability axioms. (...) This can be of interest for computational uses of classical proofs. (shrink)

Psychoanalysis sets out to solve the riddles and enigmas of the psyche. For Adorno, however, psychoanalysis itself is an enigma. Why, he asks, have both the theory and its therapeutic applications become entangled in insoluble contradictions? Adorno identifies to a certain extent with the great psychoanalytic riddle-solvers, Freud and Ferenczi, as he probes these contradictions. He hopes, however, to move beyond the limits of a theory that reduces all phenomena to psychological factors, so he also approaches the problem as a (...) sociologist. This perspective enables him to describe the static and dynamic aspects of the social structure within which psychoanalysis developed in the first half of the 20th century. And it frees him, furthermore, from the misconception that Freud passed on to most of his followers: the belief that they were pursuing a natural science of the soul, which would generate its own rigorously scientific psychological technique. (shrink)

Die Abhandlung gibt eine konzentrierte Rekonstruktion der weit verstreut erschienenen Überlegungen des britisch-ungarischen Chemikers und Philosophen Michael Polanyi zur Reduktionismuskritik. Schlüssel der Kritik ist der Begriff der Grenzbedingung. Grenzbedingungen weisen auf Wirklichkeiten hin, die nicht mehr von den Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Stufe, die sie begrenzen, erreicht werden. Seine Anwendung dieses Begriffs auf Maschinen und Mechanismen ermöglicht Polanyi eine überraschende Kritik am biologischen Reduktionismus. Dieser Kritikpunkt wird durch die Entdeckung der DNA noch verstärkt.

The way physics and other parts of science work can be explained in the framework of radical constructivism. However, this constructivist view itself shows that a uniquily accepted epistemology, constructivism or any other, would not be an advantage for the developmentof science. Unlike physics some parts of science successfully use constructivist concepts inside their theories. Because this is the case particularly in learning theory, constructivist ideas can help to improve physics teaching.

From a classical proof that the gcd of natural numbers a1 and a2 is a linear combination of the two, we extract by Gödel's Dialectica interpretation an algorithm computing the coefficients. The proof uses the minimum principle. We show generally how well-founded recursion can be used to Dialectica interpret well-founded induction, which is needed in the proof of the minimum principle. In the special case of the example above it turns out that we obtain a reasonable extracted term, representing an (...) algorithm close to Euclid's. (shrink)

Jackendoff's account of relating linguistic structure and brain structure is too restricted in concentrating on formal features of computational requirements, neglecting the achievements of various types of neuroscientific modelling. My own approaches to neuronal models of syntactic organization show how these requirements could be met. The book's lack of discussion of a sound philosophy of the relation is briefly mentioned.

Several properties of monotone functionals (MF) and monotone majorizable functionals (MMF) used in the earlier work by the author and van de Pol are proved. It turns out that the terms of the simply typed lambda-calculus define MF, but adding primitive recursion, and even monotonic primitive recursion changes the situation: already Z.Z(1 — sg) is not MMF. It is proved that extensionality is not Dialectica-realizable by MMF, and a simple example of a MF which is not hereditarily majorizable is given.

The concept of “civilization” is likely to call to mind the “Great Civilizations” of world history. There is an inseparable conceptual link between the latter idea and that of “development” — an evaluative standard which is applied to societies and their material and cultural achievements, whether explicitly or implicitly. In this sense, Parsons talks about development towards Western modernity, thus adopting an explicitly evolutionist perspective; the West appears as one of a variety of great civilizations. The central variable in the (...) process of social evolution is ‘adaptive capacity,’ defined at the macro-level. (shrink)

Art can be experienced in numerous ways, ranging from sensory pleasure to elaborated ways of finding meaning (Leder et al. 2004). However, rather ignored by Bullot & Reber (B&R), in empirical aesthetics several lines of research have studied how knowledge of artistic style, descriptive and elaborate information, expertise, and context all affect aesthetic experiences from art. Limiting aesthetics to rather rare experiences unnecessarily narrows the scope of a science of art.

Die Publikation bietet einen geschichtlichen Überblick über die Auseinandersetzung bedeutender Philosophen mit dem ältesten Problem der Philosophie: dem Leib-Seele-Problem. Wenn auch philosophischen Ursprungs, reflektieren die ausgewählten Philosophen die Bezüge zu theologischen, psychologischen, psychosomatischen, naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Dimensionen dieses Problems. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Herausarbeitung aller Aspekte des Leib-Seele-Problems. So beschäftigen sich die Herausgeber dieses Bandes mit den Fragen, ob Leib und Seele wirklich verschieden oder identisch sind, wie sie aufeinander einwirken und ob die Seele nach dem Tod weiter bestehen (...) kann. (shrink)

Das Verhältnis von Natur und Idee ist für jede idealistische Philosophie ein Kernpunkt ihres Ansatzes. Hegel bestimmte die Natur als das Andere der Idee, die sich in Freiheit als Natur aus sich entläßt. In der Natur zeigen sich die logischen Strukturen verhüllt und im Abbild, z. B. die Naturgesetze und die logischen Beziehungen. Auch die Kategorie des Lebens in Hegels Logik belegt die enge Verbindung von Natur und Logik. Die Entäußerung der Idee in der Natur gehört zum Wesen der Idee (...) auf ihrem Weg zum Geist. Diese Thematik wird in acht Beiträgen von bekannten Hegelforschern unter verschiedenen Aspekten bearbeitet. Sie verstehen die Sicht Hegels als einen bedeutenden Entwurf, der die Einheit der Wirklichkeit unter dem Vorzeichen der Idee zur Geltung bringt. (shrink)

When Professor Johannes Hoffmeister died in Bonn in 1955, a unique institution was created to continue the project he had begun - the historic-critical edition of the complete works of Hegel. This institution is known as the Hegel-Archiv.

1. Bd. Sprachanalyse, Deduktion, Induktion in Natur- und Sozialwissenschaften -- 2. Bd. Geisteswissenschaftliche Methoden: Phänomenologie, Hermeneutik und historische Methode, Dialektik -- 3. Bd. Handlungstheorie, Modallogik, Ethik, Systemtheorie.