이 논문은 관중 유남상 선생의 역학관에 관한 것이다. 선생은 평생 『주역』과 『정역』을 연구하여 『주·정역경합편』 을 저술하였다. 이 책은 단순히 두 경서를 소개하기 위하여 한 권의 책으로 엮어 만든 것이 아니다. ‘천지역수원리(간지도수원리)’ 와 ‘하락상수원리’ 를 중심으로 역도(천도 위주)를 드러낸 『정역』과 괘효원리를 중심으로 역도(지도․인도 위주)를 표상한 『주역』을 합쳐 묶음으로써 두 경전의 내용이 결국 15성인의 한 말씀으로 천명되는 천의 로서의 선후천역수변화원리 임을 밝힌 것이다. 선생은 이 책에서 역학의 삼대 명제인 「천지역수원리」·「역수성통원리」·「성학즉역학원리」 를 간지도수원리와 도서상수원리, 그리고 괘효원리로써 밝히고, 아울러 역도는 궁극적으로 ‘선후천변화원리’임을 나타내고 있다. 그런데 (...) 이런 내용들은 맹자 이후 2,000여 년 동안 학계에서 논의되지 않았던 것으로서 역학사에 있어서 무척 획기적인 학설이라 할 수 있다. (shrink)

이 논문은 이상정의 철학적 입장이 단순히 ‘분석’과 ‘종합’을 포괄하는 인식론적 방법론으로 특징되기보다는, 당시 이황과 이이를 추존하는 양 학파의 관점을 모두 다 통합함으로써, 정․주 성리학의 체계 전체를 조망하려 했었다는 점을 염두에 두고 전개되었다. 달리 말하면 이상정은 이황 학파나 이이 학파를 포괄하는 이론체계를 세우기 위해서 주희와 정이의 철학까지 전체적으로 아우르는 이론적 체계화를 모색하고 있는 것이다. 그러므로 그의 철학적 입장은 분개(分開)와 혼륜(渾淪)의 관점으로써 ‘리’와 ‘기’를 설명한다. 따라서 그는 자연과 인간 마음의 구조를 불문하고 모두 ‘리’와 ‘기’의 불상리(不相離)한 측면으로 이루어져 있지만 ‘사단’과 ‘칠정’등의 인식 상에서 (...) 지각된 내용을 논리적으로 분석할 때, ‘주리(主理)’와 ‘주기(主氣)’의 구분이 생긴다는 것이다. 그러나 이상정 역시 다른 이황 학파의 주장대로 ‘리’의 발동성(發動性)이라고 하는 기본입장을 결코 포기하진 않는다. 이상정이 ‘리’와 ‘기’의 결합상태를 강조하는 것은 단지 ‘리’의 발동성이라고 하는 이황 학파의 기본 입장을 유지하면서, 그러한 ‘리’의 발동성이 ‘기’와의 결합상태하에서만 가능하다는 포괄적인 전망을 제시하기 위해서였다. 그러므로 그는 리기의 이분법적 상대구조 속에 어느 한 쪽 측면에 떨어져 집착하는 것을 탈피하고 혼륜과 분개, 동(動)과 정(靜), 체(體)와 용(用)의 양자 사이에서 통일성과 분별성의 긴장을 유지하는 통합된 세계관을 제시하였다. 또한, 그는 이 통합적 세계관으로서 이황 철학의 본지(本旨)를 의미 있게 재해석 하였던 점에서 당시 사상계에 새로운 사유와 세계관을 모색하는데 중요한 역할을 담지 하였다. (shrink)

This paper is a fragment of the book “Kaja od Radosława, czyli historia Hubalowego Krzyża”, which was published by Warszawskie Wydawnictwo Literackie Muza in 2006. It will be published by the American publisher The Military History Press under the title “Kaia Savior of the Hubal Cross”. Covering a century of Polish history, it is full of tragic and compelling events. Such historic events as Polish life in Siberia, Warsaw before the war, the German occupation, the Warsaw Uprising, life in Ostaszków, (...) and the rebuilding of Warsaw are included.The hero Kaia is a woman, christened Cesaria, whose father was expelled to Siberia in 1905 for conspiring against the tsar. Kaia spent her early childhood there, and the family lived near the mountain Altaj. A chapter shows how the Polish community lived there, organized their daily lives, etc. In 1922, the family returned to free Poland, the train trip back taking almost a year. This ordeal is highlighted as a series of stops sometimes lasting for weeks because of heavy snow accumulation, the men shoveling a pathway for the train to pass through, many deaths occurring from the frigid cold with the “caboose” used as a mortuary for Poles to be returned to their homeland for burial. Kaia entered the school system, was eventually educated as an architect, and then World War II started. She lived under the German occupation for the first few years, and later became a conspirator by helping the underground movement. She joined the Armia Krajowa in 1942. At considerable risk, her apartment became a meeting place for the conspirators.After Hubal’s death, one of his couriers gave Kaia the Hubal Cross Virtuti Militari. The cross was with her for the ensuing 50 years. During the Warsaw Uprising, in which she was a courier, she carried the cross around her neck. Many times, she had to travel via the Warsaw underground sewer system. Twice, she was wounded. After the Warsaw Uprising collapsed, she went to the east territory to look for her mother. She was captured by the Russian NKVD in Białystok and sent to Ostaszków. An interesting scene describes one of many interrogations: the Russian interrogator asks if she knows about the cross. Her reply causes a puzzled look on his face. The cross was never discovered (she had hidden it in a specially made shoe). Protection of the Virtuti Militari Cross, which at first had been a challenge to Kaia to survive the Uprising and Russian imprisonment, later became a symbol of courage and determination of the Polish people. In 1946, Kaia returned to Poland very ill and weighing only 38 kg (83.6 pounds). Eventually recovering her health, she worked as an architect involved in the rebuilding of Warsaw totally decimated by the Germans.In the Warsaw Uprising chapter, Kaia’s diary is included, and the book relates the scenes and events that she described. One such experience is most moving. It was a quiet moment, i.e. the shooting had subsided. On a warm beautiful August night, she was sitting, enjoying the quiet alone when, a young man sat down next to her. He was a colleague from architectural school. Together, a few months earlier, they had attended a university ball, and Kaia remembered him as always being funny and amusing. Then, she noticed he was missing one eye and part of his chin. He returned her gaze and jokingly said, “I still have one eye left”. And then, he quietly sang a popular song that they had danced the waltz to… “Not to be in love on such a beautiful night is a sin”… Kaia had to be in the same mood as he was and smiled. A few days later, half of his body was covered in ruins…he could not be helped. His death lasted several days, and he is buried in Powązki Cemetery, like many soldiers of the Uprising. (shrink)