Results for 'Grant Mawston'

976 found
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  1.  30
    Peripheral Electrical Stimulation Paired With Movement-Related Cortical Potentials Improves Isometric Muscle Strength and Voluntary Activation Following Stroke.Sharon Olsen, Nada Signal, Imran K. Niazi, Usman Rashid, Gemma Alder, Grant Mawston, Rasmus B. Nedergaard, Mads Jochumsen & Denise Taylor - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  2. Equalized Odds is a Requirement of Algorithmic Fairness.David Gray Grant - 2023 - Synthese 201 (3).
    Statistical criteria of fairness are formal measures of how an algorithm performs that aim to help us determine whether an algorithm would be fair to use in decision-making. In this paper, I introduce a new version of the criterion known as “Equalized Odds,” argue that it is a requirement of procedural fairness, and show that it is immune to a number of objections to the standard version.
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  3. What we owe to decision-subjects: beyond transparency and explanation in automated decision-making.David Gray Grant, Jeff Behrends & John Basl - 2023 - Philosophical Studies 2003:1-31.
    The ongoing explosion of interest in artificial intelligence is fueled in part by recently developed techniques in machine learning. Those techniques allow automated systems to process huge amounts of data, utilizing mathematical methods that depart from traditional statistical approaches, and resulting in impressive advancements in our ability to make predictions and uncover correlations across a host of interesting domains. But as is now widely discussed, the way that those systems arrive at their outputs is often opaque, even to the experts (...)
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  4. A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem.David A. Grant & Esta Berg - 1948 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 38 (4):404.
  5. A Sensible Experientialism?James Grant - 2023 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 107 (1):53–79.
    Experientialism in aesthetics is the view that the artistic merit or the aesthetic value of something is determined by the final value of certain experiences of it. These are usually specified as experiences of it with understanding and appreciation. Until recently, experientialism was the dominant view. Not anymore. Experientialists are now subject to a barrage of objections, many of which they have not answered. Here I argue that all of these objections fail. I develop a new form of experientialism that (...)
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  6. Getting what you want.Lyndal Grant & Milo Phillips-Brown - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 177 (7):1791-1810.
    The compelling, widely-accepted Satisfaction-is-Truth Principle says that if S wants p, then S has a desire that's satisfied in exactly the worlds where p is true. We reject the Principle; an agent may want p without having a desire that's satisfied when p obtains in any old way. Other theorists who reject the Principle rely on contested intuitions about when agents get what they want. We instead appeal to—and shed new light on—the dispositional role of desire.
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  7.  92
    Representation, Meaning, and Thought.Grant Gillett - 1992 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    This study examines the relationship between thought and language by considering the views of Kant and the later Wittgenstein along with many strands of contemporary debate in the area of mental content. Building on an analysis of the nature of concepts and conceptions of objects, Gillett provides an account of psychological explanation and the subject of experience, offers a novel perspective on mental representation and linguistic meaning, looks at the difficult topics of cognitive roles and singular thought, and concludes with (...)
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  8. Divine Simplicity, Contingent Truths, and Extrinsic Models of Divine Knowing.W. Matthews Grant - 2012 - Faith and Philosophy 29 (3):254-274.
    A well-known objection to divine simplicity holds that the doctrine is incompatible with God’s contingent knowledge. I set out the objection and reject two problematic solutions. I then argue that the objection is best answered by adopting an “extrinsic model of divine knowing” according to which God’s contingent knowledge, which varies across worlds, does not involve any intrinsic variation in God. Solutions along these lines have been suggested by others. This paper advances the discussion by developing and offering partial defenses (...)
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  9. Friedman fallacies.Colin Grant - 1991 - Journal of Business Ethics 10 (12):907 - 914.
    Milton Friedman's article, The Social Responsibility of Business Is To Increase Its Profits, owes its appeal to the rhetorical devices of simplicity, authority, and finality. More careful consideration reveals oversimplification and ambiguity that conceals empirical errors and logical fallacies. It is false that business does, or would, operate exclusively in economic terms, that managers concentrate obsessively on profitability, and that ethics can be marginalized. These errors reflect basic contradictions: an apolitical political base, altruistic agents of selfishness, and good deriving from (...)
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  10.  24
    In Pursuit of Eudaimonia: How Virtue Ethics Captures the Self-Understandings and Roles of Corporate Directors.Patricia Grant, Surendra Arjoon & Peter McGhee - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 153 (2):389-406.
    A recent special issue in the Journal of Business Ethics gathered together a variety of papers addressing the challenges of putting virtue ethics into practice :563–565, 2013). The editors prefaced their outline of the various papers with the assertion that exploring the practical dimension of virtue ethics can help business leaders discover their proper place in working for a better world, as individuals and within the family, the business community and society in general :563–565, 2013). Scholars are yet to explore (...)
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  11. The ethics of incentives: Historical origins and contemporary understandings.Ruth W. Grant - 2002 - Economics and Philosophy 18 (1):111-139.
    Increasingly in the modern world, incentives are becoming the tool we reach for when we wish to bring about change. In government, in education, in health care, between and within institutions of all sorts, incentives are offered to steer people's choices in certain directions. But despite the increasing interest in ethics and economics, the ethics of the use of incentives has raised very little concern. From a certain point of view, this is not surprising. When incentives are viewed from the (...)
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  12. Can a Libertarian Hold that Our Free Acts are Caused by God?W. Matthews Grant - 2010 - Faith and Philosophy 27 (1):22-44.
    According to prevailing opinion, if a creaturely act is caused by God, then it cannot be free in the libertarian sense. I argue to the contrary. I distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic models of divine causal agency. I then show that, given the extrinsic model, there is no reason one holding that our free acts are caused by God could not also hold a libertarian account of human freedom. It follows that a libertarian account of human freedom is consistent with God’s (...)
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  13.  25
    The D-linking effect on extraction from islands and non-islands.Grant Goodall - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5:116934.
    “D-linked” wh-phrases such as 'which car' are known to increase the acceptability of sentences with island violations. One influential account of this attributes the effect to working memory: the D-linked filler is easier to retrieve at the site of the gap and this leads to the amelioration in acceptability. Such an account predicts that this effect should occur in general with non-trivial wh-dependencies, not just in island environments. An experiment is presented here to test this prediction. Wh-questions with both D-linked (...)
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  14.  52
    Ways to Interpret the Terms ‘Aristotelian’ and ‘Aristotelianism’ in Medieval and Renaissance Natural Philosophy.Edward Grant - 1987 - History of Science 25 (4):335-358.
  15. Creativity as an Artistic Merit.James Grant - 2018 - In Berys Nigel Gaut & Matthew Kieran (eds.), Creativity and Philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 333-349.
    The aim of this paper is to explain why creativity is an artistic merit. Artworks and non-artworks can both be creative. But creativity does not help make many other creative things good of their kind. A creative explanation is not a better explanation in virtue of being creative. Why, then, is a creative artwork a better artwork in virtue of being creative? Understanding this will give us a better understanding of the nature of artistic merit. The approach adopted in this (...)
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  16.  50
    Educated man as an action man: A reply to Keith Thompson.Mark Grant Ashton - 1986 - British Journal of Educational Studies 34 (1):4-22.
  17.  42
    Consciousness and brain function.Grant R. Gillett - 1988 - Philosophical Psychology 1 (3):325-39.
    Abstract The language of consciousness and that of brain function seem vastly different and incommensurable ways of approaching human mental life. If we look at what we mean by consciousness we find that it has a great deal to do with the sensitivity and responsiveness shown by a subject toward things that happen. Philosophically, we can understnd ascriptions of consciousness best by looking at the conditions which make it true for thinkers who share the concept to say that one of (...)
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  18.  52
    Multiple personality and irrationality.Grant Gillett - 1991 - Philosophical Psychology 4 (1):103-118.
    Abstract The phenomenology of Multiple Personality (MP) syndrome is used to derive an Aristotelian explanation of the failure to achieve rational integration of mental content. An MP subject is best understood as having failed to master the techniques of integrating conative and cognitive aspects of her mental life. This suggests that in irrationality the subject may lack similar skills basic to the proper articulation and use of mental content in belief formation and control of action. The view that emerges centres (...)
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  19.  69
    Artistic Value and Copies of Artworks.James Grant - 2015 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 73 (4):417-424.
    In a recent paper, Nicholas Stang argues that artworks are not valuable for their own sake in virtue of their artistic value, artworks have artistic value in virtue of the final value of the experiences they afford, and the only appropriate objects of appreciation are worktypes. All of these arguments rest on claims about the artistic value of copies of artworks that provide a radical challenge to the views that many philosophers have about copies. Here I argue that Stang's arguments (...)
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  20. The dynamics of proactivity at work.Adam Grant & Susan Ashford - 2008 - Research in Organizational Behavior 28:3–34.
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  21. The dispensability of metaphor.James Grant - 2010 - British Journal of Aesthetics 50 (3):255-272.
    Many philosophers claim that metaphor is indispensable for various purposes. What I shall call the ‘Indispensability Thesis’ is the view that we use at least some metaphors to think, to express, to communicate, or to discover what cannot be thought, expressed, communicated, or discovered without metaphor. I argue in this paper that support for the Indispensability Thesis is based on several confusions. I criticize arguments presented by Stephen Yablo, Berys Gaut, Richard Boyd, and Elisabeth Camp for the Indispensability Thesis, and (...)
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  22.  16
    What we owe to decision-subjects: beyond transparency and explanation in automated decision-making.David Gray Grant, Jeff Behrends & John Basl - 2025 - Philosophical Studies 182 (1):55-85.
    The ongoing explosion of interest in artificial intelligence is fueled in part by recently developed techniques in machine learning. Those techniques allow automated systems to process huge amounts of data, utilizing mathematical methods that depart from traditional statistical approaches, and resulting in impressive advancements in our ability to make predictions and uncover correlations across a host of interesting domains. But as is now widely discussed, the way that those systems arrive at their outputs is often opaque, even to the experts (...)
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  23. Metaphor and Criticism.James Grant - 2011 - British Journal of Aesthetics 51 (3):237-257.
    The prevalence of colourful metaphors and figurative language in critics’ descriptions of artworks has long attracted attention. Talk of ‘liquid melodies’, ‘purple prose’, ‘soaring arches’, and the use of still more elaborate figurative descriptions, is not uncommon. My aim in this paper is to explain why metaphor is so prevalent in critical description. Many have taken the prevalence of art-critical metaphors to reveal something important about aesthetic experience and aesthetic properties. My focus is different. I attempt to determine what metaphor (...)
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  24. The Privation Solution.W. Matthews Grant - 2016 - Faith and Philosophy 33 (2):223-234.
    Peter Furlong has recently raised an objection to my defense of Aquinas’s approach to explaining how God could cause all creaturely actions without causing sin. In this short paper, I argue that the objection fails.
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  25.  38
    Tolstoy on Education.Nigel Grant, Leo Wiener & Leo Tolstoy - 1968 - British Journal of Educational Studies 16 (3):335.
  26. Ot logicheskikh atomov k fizicheskim zakonam.Grant Babkenovich Arakeli︠a︡n - 2007 - Erevan: Izd-vo. "Lusanbat︠s︡".
     
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  27.  27
    Reasoning in bioethics.Grant Gillett - 2003 - Bioethics 17 (3):243–260.
    It is striking that some arguments in the bioethical literature seem implausible, counterintuitive, and even ridiculous when reported to competent moral agents. When examined, these arguments bear uncanny resemblances to the discourse of patients with debilitating mental disorders. I examine the kinds of irrationality involved, and discuss the fact that such irrationality is worrying in a discipline that purports to serve as a guide for real‐life practical reasoning. I offer some thoughts about correctives that we might use to temper some (...)
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  28. The chemistry of darkness.Iain Hamilton Grant - 2000 - Pli 9:36-52.
     
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  29.  18
    Nurses' perceptions of systems and hierarchies shaping their responses to child abuse and neglect.Lauren Elizabeth Lines, Julian Maree Grant & Alison Hutton - 2020 - Nursing Inquiry 27 (2):e12342.
    Nurses have an important role in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect. This paper reports on nurses' perceptions of how organisational systems and hierarchies shaped their capacity to respond to child abuse and neglect. This is one of four key themes identified through an inductive analysis of data from a broader qualitative study that explored nurses' perceptions and experiences of keeping children safe. The study was guided by social constructionist theory, and data were collected through in‐depth interviews with (...)
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  30. and Andrew L. Molinsky.Joshua D. Margolis & Adam M. Grant - 2007 - In Ashly Pinnington, Rob Macklin & Tom Campbell (eds.), Human Resource Management: Ethics and Employment. Oxford University Press. pp. 237.
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  31. Expected Utility Theory.Simon Grant & Timothy Van Zandt - 2009 - In Paul Anand, Prasanta Pattanaik & Clemens Puppe (eds.), Handbook of Rational and Social Choice. Oxford University Press.
     
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  32.  37
    Duties to Kin Through a Tragi-Comic Lens.Grant Gillett & Robin Hankey - 2014 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 11 (2):173-180.
    Euripides’ Alcestis (1959) raises the issue of ethical duties within families and exposes the romantic postures and rhetoric that can dominate such discussions. Should anybody be asked to sacrifice themselves or even undergo significant health risks for members of their own family? (An issue that is also relevant in considering our duties to future generations in terms of the earth we leave to them.) The issue that is dramatized to a heroic level in Alcestis arises in live organ and tissue (...)
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  33.  88
    Freedom and oppression.Claire Grant - 2013 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 12 (4):413-425.
    Oppression is commonly deemed a problem of freedom. How though should we conceptualise the freedom-restricting nature of oppression? This paper aims to show that the unfreedom in oppression may be understood in terms of individual negative liberty. The controversial concept of collective unfreedom is not needed. Non-cooperation among the oppressed generates constraints on individual freedom. This non-cooperation is ultimately attributable to the exercise of social power by oppressors. It is in this sense that the resultant states of individual unfreedom are (...)
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  34. Wittgenstein and behaviorism.C. Grant Luckhardt - 1983 - Synthese 56 (September):319-338.
  35.  79
    Altruism: A Social Science Chameleon.Colin Grant - 1997 - Zygon 32 (3):321-340.
    The self‐interest paradigm that has dominated and defined social science is being questioned today in all the social sciences. Frontline research is represented by C. Daniel Batson's experiments, which claim to present empirical evidence of altruism. Impressive though this is against the background of the self‐interest paradigm, its ultimate significance might be to illustrate the inadequacy of social science to deal with a transcendent reality like altruism.
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  36.  21
    National Clinical Sentinel Audit of Evidence‐based Prescribing for Older People.G. M. Batty, R. L. Grant, R. Aggarwal, D. Lowe, J. M. Potter, M. G. Pearson & S. H. D. Jackson - 2004 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 10 (2):273-279.
  37.  69
    Oakeshott.Polanyi.Carl Schmitt.Chesterton.Scheler.Santayana.C. A. J. Coady, Robert Grant, Richard Allen, Paul Gottfried, Ian Crowther, Francis Dunlop & Noel O'Sullivan - 1995 - Philosophical Quarterly 45 (179):273.
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  38.  22
    Human Success: Evolutionary Origins and Ethical Implications.Hugh Desmond & Grant Ramsey (eds.) - 2023 - New York, US: OUP Usa.
    What does it mean for our species—or for any species—to be successful? Human Success: Evolutionary Origins and Ethical Implications examines the concept of human success from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, with contributions from leading paleobiologists, anthropologists, geologists, philosophers of science, and ethicists. It tells the tale of how the human species grew in success-linked metrics, such as population size and geographical range, and how it came to dominate ecological systems across the globe. It explores how culture, technology, and creativity (...)
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  39.  35
    The Evolutionary Puzzle of Guilt: Individual or Group Selection?Michael J. Deem & Grant Ramsey - 2016 - Understanding Guilt.
    Some unpleasant emotions, like fear and disgust, appear straightforwardly susceptible to evolutionary explanation on account of the benefits they seem to provide to individuals. But guilt is more puzzling in this respect. Like other unpleasant emotions, guilt is often associated with a host of negative effects on the individual, such as psychological suffering and social withdrawal. Moreover, many guilt-induced behaviors, such as revealing one’s offenses and placing oneself before the mercy of others, could levy a cost to individuals that is (...)
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  40.  99
    Was Spinoza a Pagan?Grant N. Havers - 2023 - The European Legacy 28 (3):394-399.
    Spinoza once remarked in a letter to his friend Hugo Boxel: “To me the authority of Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates is not worth much.”1 The clarity of this statement has not deterred even experienc...
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  41. Free will and events in the brain.Grant R. Gillett - 2001 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 22 (3):287-310.
    Free will seems to be part of the romantic echo of a world view which predates scientific psychology and, in particular, cognitive neuroscience. Findings in cognitive neuroscience seem to indicate that some form of physicalist determinism about human behavior is correct. However, when we look more closely we find that physical determinism based on the view that brain events cause mental events is problematic and that the data which are taken to support that view, do nothing of the kind. In (...)
     
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  42.  30
    The Emergence of Gender Associations in Child Language Development.Ben Prystawski, Erin Grant, Aida Nematzadeh, Spike W. S. Lee, Suzanne Stevenson & Yang Xu - 2022 - Cognitive Science 46 (6):e13146.
    Cognitive Science, Volume 46, Issue 6, June 2022.
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  43.  21
    HIV/AIDS: The Challenging Journey.Grant Gillett - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (10):27-28.
    The journey metaphor used by Nie and colleagues (2016) can be analyzed in terms of the way in which health care professionals can support well-being and attend to the aspects of illness that often...
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  44.  64
    Moral Worth and Moral Belief.James Grant - 2022 - Ethics 133 (2):216-230.
    According to some, when you do the right thing, your moral beliefs make no difference to your act’s moral worth. Huckleberry Finn believes he is doing something wrong in helping Jim escape slavery. Yet his act reflects well on him. Some conclude that acting rightly reflects just as well on you whether you believe you are doing something right, wrong, supererogatory, or neutral. I argue against this. Doing the right thing with certain moral beliefs can diminish the moral worth of (...)
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  45.  52
    Philosophy in the big typescript.C. Grant Luckhardt - 1991 - Synthese 87 (2):255 - 272.
  46. FWJ Schelling,'On the World Soul', Translation and Introduction.Iain Hamilton Grant - 2010 - Collapse 6:58-95.
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  47.  23
    Aristotle, Philoponus, Avempace, and Galileo's Pisan Dynamics.Edward Grant - 1966 - Centaurus 11 (2):79-93.
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  48.  94
    Everything is Primal Germ or Nothing Is: The Deep Field Logic of Nature.Iain Hamilton Grant - 2015 - Symposium 19 (1):106-124.
    In Schelling’s “On the Relation between the Real and the Ideal in Nature", not only does the titular copula bond real and ideal, but it is itself bonded in and by nature. If the copula doesn't merely bond nature and judgment, but bonds the latter to the former as an instance of the nature from which is derives, what relation does the essay's search for nature's primals bear to the universalism of logical law? What, moreover, is the relation of the (...)
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  49.  70
    Part I of Nicole Oresme's Algorismus proportionum.Edward Grant & Nicole Oresme - 1965 - Isis 56 (3):327-341.
  50.  81
    The “eternal and necessary bond between Philosophy and Physics”.Iain Hamilton Grant - 2005 - Angelaki 10 (1):43-59.
    What Schelling calls “philosophy of nature,” does not merely and not primarily mean the treatment of a special area “nature,” but means the understanding of nature in terms of the principle of Idea...
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