Results for 'Gerhard Hartmann'

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  1. Beiträge Zur Einheit von Bildung Und Sprache Im Geistigen Sein. Festschrift Zum 80. Geburtstag von Ernst Otto. Hrsg. Von Gerhard Haselbach Und Günter Hartmann.Gerhard Haselbach, Ernst Otto & G. Jnter Hartmann - 1957 - W. De Gruyter.
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  2.  21
    Welt und Mensch in der Sicht Nicolai Hartmanns.Gerhard Hennemann - 1949 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 4 (2):269 - 278.
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  3.  6
    Kategorialanalyse und Wissenschaft: ontologische Grundbestimmungen Nicolai Hartmanns in der Perspektive seiner Naturphilosophie und Schichtentheorie.Carl-Gerhard Crummenerl - 2013 - New York: Georg Olms.
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  4.  51
    Das Welt- Und Menschenbild Nicolai Hartmanns.Gerhard Hennemann - 1953 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 5 (1):38-53.
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  5. Naturalismus: philosophische Beiträge.Geert Keil & Herbert Schnädelbach (eds.) - 2000 - Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
    Mit Beiträgen von Gerhard Vollmer, Dirk Koppelberg, Stephen Stich, W. v. O. Quine, Ansgar Beckermann, Dirk Hartmann und Rainer Lange, Mircea Flonta, Geert Keil, Peter Simons, Andreas Kemmerling, Lynne R. Baker, Holm Tetens und Peter Janich.
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  6.  42
    Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation.Stephan Hartmann, Marcel Weber, Wenceslao Gonzalez, Dennis Dieks & Thomas Uebe (eds.) - 2011 - Berlin: Springer.
    This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. (...)
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  7. Bayesian Epistemology.Stephan Hartmann & Jan Sprenger - 2010 - In Sven Bernecker & Duncan Pritchard, The Routledge Companion to Epistemology. New York: Routledge. pp. 609-620.
    Bayesian epistemology addresses epistemological problems with the help of the mathematical theory of probability. It turns out that the probability calculus is especially suited to represent degrees of belief (credences) and to deal with questions of belief change, confirmation, evidence, justification, and coherence. Compared to the informal discussions in traditional epistemology, Bayesian epis- temology allows for a more precise and fine-grained analysis which takes the gradual aspects of these central epistemological notions into account. Bayesian epistemology therefore complements traditional epistemology; it (...)
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  8. When empirical success implies theoretical reference: A structural correspondence theorem.Gerhard Schurz - 2009 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60 (1):101-133.
    Starting from a brief recapitulation of the contemporary debate on scientific realism, this paper argues for the following thesis : Assume a theory T has been empirically successful in a domain of application A, but was superseded later on by a superior theory T * , which was likewise successful in A but has an arbitrarily different theoretical superstructure. Then under natural conditions T contains certain theoretical expressions, which yielded T's empirical success, such that these T-expressions correspond (in A) to (...)
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  9. Outline of a theory of scientific understanding.Gerhard Schurz & Karel Lambert - 1994 - Synthese 101 (1):65-120.
    The basic theory of scientific understanding presented in Sections 1–2 exploits three main ideas.First, that to understand a phenomenonP (for a given agent) is to be able to fitP into the cognitive background corpusC (of the agent).Second, that to fitP intoC is to connectP with parts ofC (via arguments in a very broad sense) such that the unification ofC increases.Third, that the cognitive changes involved in unification can be treated as sequences of shifts of phenomena inC. How the theory fits (...)
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  10. Logics for the relational syllogistic.Ian Pratt-Hartmann & Lawrence S. Moss - 2009 - Review of Symbolic Logic 2 (4):647-683.
    The Aristotelian syllogistic cannot account for the validity of certain inferences involving relational facts. In this paper, we investigate the prospects for providing a relational syllogistic. We identify several fragments based on (a) whether negation is permitted on all nouns, including those in the subject of a sentence; and (b) whether the subject noun phrase may contain a relative clause. The logics we present are extensions of the classical syllogistic, and we pay special attention to the question of whether reductio (...)
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  11.  43
    Hume's problem solved: the optimality of meta-induction.Gerhard Schurz - 2019 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
    A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of (...)
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  12. What is 'normal'? An evolution-theoretic foundation for normic laws and their relation to statistical normality.Gerhard Schurz - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (4):476-497.
    Normic laws have the form "if A, then normally B." They are omnipresent in everyday life and non-physical 'life' sciences such as biology, psychology, social sciences, and humanities. They differ significantly from ceteris-paribus laws in physics. While several authors have doubted that normic laws are genuine laws at all, others have argued that normic laws express a certain kind of prototypical normality which is independent of statistical majority. This paper presents a foundation for normic laws which is based on generalized (...)
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  13.  96
    Self-re-production and functionality.Gerhard Schlosser - 1998 - Synthese 116 (3):303-354.
    Function and teleology can be naturalized either by reference to systems with a particular type of organization or by reference to a particular kind of history. As functions are generally ascribed to states or traits according to their current role and regardless of their origin, etiological accounts are inappropriate. Here, I offer a systems-theoretical interpretation as a new version of an organizational account of functionality, which is more comprehensive than traditional cybernetic views and provides explicit criteria for empirically testable function (...)
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  14. Explanation as unification.Gerhard Schurz - 1999 - Synthese 120 (1):95-114.
  15.  72
    Untersuchungen über das logische Schließen. II.Gerhard Gentzen - 1935 - Mathematische Zeitschrift 39:405–431.
  16. The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science.Thomas Uebel, Stephan Hartmann, Wenceslao Gonzalez, Marcel Weber, Dennis Dieks & Friedrich Stadler (eds.) - 2010 - Springer.
    This volume is a serious attempt to open up the subject of European philosophy of science to real thought, and provide the structural basis for the ...
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  17.  76
    The evolution of convex categories.Gerhard Jäger - 2007 - Linguistics and Philosophy 30 (5):551-564.
    Gärdenfors (Conceptual spaces, 2000) argues that the semantic domains that natural language deals with have a geometrical structure. He gives evidence that simple natural language adjectives usually denote natural properties, where a natural property is a convex region of such a “conceptual space.” In this paper I will show that this feature of natural categories need not be stipulated as basic. In fact, it can be shown to be the result of evolutionary dynamics of communicative strategies under very general assumptions.
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  18.  3
    Recherches sur la déduction logique: Trad. et comm. par Robert Feys et Jean Ladrière.Gerhard Gentzen, Robert Feys & J. Landrière - 1955 - Presses Universitaires de France.
  19. Meta-induction as a solution to the no free lunch theorem: reply to Wolpert.Gerhard Schurz - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie.
  20. Reliable Methods of Judgment Aggregation.Stephan Hartmann, Gabriella Pigozzi & Jan Sprenger - 2007 - Journal for Logic and Computation 20:603--617.
    The aggregation of consistent individual judgments on logically interconnected propositions into a collective judgment on the same propositions has recently drawn much attention. Seemingly reasonable aggregation procedures, such as propositionwise majority voting, cannot ensure an equally consistent collective conclusion. The literature on judgment aggregation refers to such a problem as the \textit{discursive dilemma}. In this paper we assume that the decision which the group is trying to reach is factually right or wrong. Hence, we address the question of how good (...)
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  21.  4
    Experimental realism defended: how inference to the most likely cause might be sound.Luc Bovens, Carl Hoefer & Stephan Hartmann - 2008 - In Stephan Hartmann, Luc Bovens & Carl Hoefer, Nancy Cartwright’s Philosophy of Science. New York: Routledge.
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  22. Reden von Gott im Gebet.Gerhard Sauter - 1981 - In Emmanuel Levinas & Bernhard Casper, Gott nennen: phänomenologische Zugänge. München: Alber.
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  23. Anfragen an das Neue Testament.Gerhard Schneider - 1971
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  24.  5
    Aufklärung durch Gestaltung.Gerhard Schweppenhäuser, Popp Judith-Frederike & Christian Bauer (eds.) - 2021 - Wiesbaden: Springer.
    Die gestalterischen Beiträge in diesem Band entwickeln verschiedene Perspektiven kritischen Informationsdesigns in unterschiedlichen Medien und für vielfältige Anwendungsbereiche: Videospiel, medizinische Diagnostik und ästhetische Erfahrung im online-Bereich. Ihr gemeinsames Ziel ist die Verbesserung sozialer Interaktion durch gestalterische Intervention. Der designwissenschaftliche Gastbeitrag diskutiert verschiedene Perspektiven, in denen sich Kunst auf Design bezieht und analysiert ihre wechselseitige Differenz als kommunikative Beziehungsstruktur.
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  25. Ästhetische Erziehung in der Grundschule: Argumente für ein fächerübergreifendes Unterrichtsprinzip.Gerhard Schneider (ed.) - 1988 - Weinheim: Beltz.
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  26. Advances in Scientific Philosophy Essays in Honour of Paul Weingartner on the Occasion of the 60th Anniversary of His Birthday.Gerhard Schurz & Georg J. W. Dorn - 1993 - Studia Logica 52 (3):486-487.
     
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  27. Causal asymmetry, independent versus dependent variables, and the direction of time.Gerhard Schurz - 2001 - In Wolfgang Spohn, Marion Ledwig & Michael Esfeld, Current Issues in Causation. Mentis. pp. 47-67.
  28. Fragments of language.Ian Pratt-Hartmann - 2004 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 13 (2):207-223.
    By a fragment of a natural language we mean a subset of thatlanguage equipped with semantics which translate its sentences intosome formal system such as first-order logic. The familiar conceptsof satisfiability and entailment can be defined for anysuch fragment in a natural way. The question therefore arises, for anygiven fragment of a natural language, as to the computational complexityof determining satisfiability and entailment within that fragment. Wepresent a series of fragments of English for which the satisfiabilityproblem is polynomial, NP-complete, EXPTIME-complete,NEXPTIME-complete (...)
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  29.  40
    Aesthetic theory and nonpropositional truth content in Adorno.Gerhard Richter - 2010 - In Language without soil: Adorno and late philosophical modernity. New York: Fordham University Press.
    This chapter offers a close reading of a passage from the literary and philosophical work Minima Moralia that enacts Theodor W. Adorno's radical concept of nonpropositional truth content in philosophical aesthetics after Auschwitz. Readers of Adorno's texts, especially those devoted to philosophical aesthetics, can hardly fail to be struck by their chiastic structure. The aesthetic theory that Adorno develops constitutes not only a theory of the aesthetic but also a theory that is itself aesthetic, hence a theory of literature that (...)
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  30.  36
    Belief revision in a framework for default reasoning.Gerhard Brewka - 1991 - In Andre Fuhrmann & Michael Morreau, The Logic of Theory Change: Workshop, Konstanz, FRG, October 13-15, 1989, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 206--222.
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  31.  66
    Testability of the role of natural selection within theories of population genetics and evolution.Gerhard D. Wassermann - 1978 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 29 (3):223-242.
  32. Space exploration and environmental issues.William Hartmann - 1984 - Environmental Ethics 6 (3):227-239.
    New discoveries about materials and solar energy raise the possibility of a long-tenn shift of mining, refining, and manufacturing from Earth’s surface to locations outside Earth’s ecosphere, allowing Earth to begin to relax back toward its natural state. A little-discussed ambivalence toward the potential of space exploration exists among environmentalists. One camp sees it as a human adventure that may allow a bold initiative to improve Earth; another camp shies away from “heavy technology” and thus distrusts efforts as massive as (...)
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  33. Modeling in Philosophy of Science.Stephan Hartmann - 2008 - In W. K. Essler & M. Frauchiger, Representation, Evidence, and Justification: Themes From Suppes. Frankfort, Germany: Ontos Verlag. pp. 1-95.
    Models are a principle instrument of modern science. They are built, applied, tested, compared, revised and interpreted in an expansive scientific literature. Throughout this paper, I will argue that models are also a valuable tool for the philosopher of science. In particular, I will discuss how the methodology of Bayesian Networks can elucidate two central problems in the philosophy of science. The first thesis I will explore is the variety-of-evidence thesis, which argues that the more varied the supporting evidence, the (...)
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  34. How does Kant justify the universal objective validity of the law of right?Gerhard Seel - 2009 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 17 (1):71 – 94.
    Since more than 50 years Kant scholars debate the question whether the Law of Right as introduced in the Metaphysics of Morals by Kant can be justified by the Categorical Imperative. On the one hand we have those who think that Kant's theory of right depends from the Categorical Imperative, on the other hand we find a growing group of scholars who deny this. However, the debate has been flawed by confusion and misunderstanding of the crucial terms and principles. Therefore, (...)
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  35.  73
    Forced assistance.Gerhard Øverland - 2009 - Law and Philosophy 28 (2):203 - 232.
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  36. Simulation.Stephan Hartmann - 1995 - In Jürgen Mittelstrass, Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie, Vol. 3. Metzler.
    Simulation (von lat. simulare, engl. simulation, franz. simulation, ital. simulazione), Bezeichnung für die Nachahmung eines Prozesses durch einen anderen Prozeß. Beide Prozesse laufen auf einem bestimmten System ab. Simuliertes u. simulierendes System (der Simulator in der Kybernetik) können dabei auf gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Substraten realisiert sein.
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  37.  6
    Untersuchungen über das logische Schliessen.Gerhard Gentzen - 1969 - Darmstadt,: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
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  38. Der theosophische Einfluss auf Rudolf Steiners fünftes Evangelium.Gerhard Lechner - manuscript
    Dieser Beitrag erörtert die „übersinnlichen Erkenntnisse“ von Rudolf Steiner zum Thema der Beziehungen von Jesus zu den Essenern. Steiner beschäftigte sich in seinem Vortragszyklus „Das fünfte Evangelium“ mit dieser Frage und präsentierte Erkenntnisse seiner Forschungen aus der Akasha-Chronik. Um die Unabhängigkeit der Akasha-Forschungen von Steiner herauszufiltern, stellt der Autor die Forschungen der Theosophin Blavatsky den Erkenntnissen von Steiner gegenüber. Die Gegenüberstellung verfolgt das Ziel, die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Akasha-Forschungen Steiners zu erkunden. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass das fünfte Evangelium von (...)
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  39.  28
    Topology, connectedness, and modal logic.Roman Kontchakov, Ian Pratt-Hartmann, Frank Wolter & Michael Zakharyaschev - 1998 - In Marcus Kracht, Maarten de Rijke, Heinrich Wansing & Michael Zakharyaschev, Advances in Modal Logic. CSLI Publications. pp. 151-176.
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  40. Scientific explanation: A critical survey.Gerhard Schurz - 1995 - Foundations of Science 1 (3):429-465.
    This paper describes the development of theories of scientific explanation since Hempel's earliest models in the 1940ies. It focuses on deductive and probabilistic whyexplanations and their main problems: lawlikeness, explanation-prediction asymmetries, causality, deductive and probabilistic relevance, maximal specifity and homogenity, the height of the probability value. For all of these topic the paper explains the most important approaches as well as their criticism, including the author's own accounts. Three main theses of this paper are: (1) Both deductive and probabilistic explanations (...)
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  41.  12
    Preferred answer sets for extended logic programs.Gerhard Brewka & Thomas Eiter - 1999 - Artificial Intelligence 109 (1-2):297-356.
  42.  14
    »Provozierte Religion«: Zehn Absmnitte über bewußtseinserweiternde Drogen.Gerhard M. Martin - 1974 - Zeitschrift Für Evangelische Ethik 18 (1):164-180.
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  43.  73
    What functions explain. Functional explanation and self-reproducing systems, Peter McLaughlin.Gerhard Ernst - 2002 - Erkenntnis 57 (1):123-126.
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  44.  81
    Weak quantum theory and the emergence of time.Hartmann Romer - 2004 - Mind and Matter 2 (2):105-125.
    We present a scenario describing how time emerges in the framework of weak quantum theory. In a process similar to the emergence of time in quantum cosmology, time arises after an epistemic split of an undivided unus mundus as a quality of the individual conscious mind. Synchronization with matter and other mental systems is achieved by entanglement correlations. In the course of its operationalization, time loses its original quality and the time of physics as measured by clocks appears. avoided/explicated.
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  45. Über die heuristische Funktion des Korrespondenzprinzips.Stephan Hartmann - 1995 - In Jürgen Mittelstrass, Die Zunkunft des Wissens. Universitätsverlag Konstanz. pp. 500-506.
    Die Frage nach dem Verhältnis aufeinanderfolgender Theorien rückte spätestens mit der Publikation von T. S. Kuhns einflußreicher Schrift Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen im Jahre 1961 in den Brennpunkt wissenschaftsphilosophischer Untersuchungen. Dabei gibt es im wesentlichen zwei große Lager. Auf der einen Seite stehen Philosophen wie P. Feyerabend und T. S. Kuhn selbst, die den Aspekt der Diskontinuität...
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  46. Physics is Part of Culture and the Basis of Technology.Stephan Hartmann & Jürgen Mittelstrass - 2000 - In DPG, Physics - Physics Research: Topics, Significance and Prospects. DPG.
    Fundamental aspects of modern life owe their existence to the achievements of scientific reason. In other words, science is an integral element of the modern world and simultaneously the epitome of the rational nature of a technical culture that makes up the essence of the modern world. Without science, the modern world would lose its very nature and modern society its future. Right from the start, physics forms the core of European scientific development. It is the original paradigm of science, (...)
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  47. Bose-Einstein-Kondensation ultrakalter Atome.Stephan Hartmann, Rainer Müller & Hartmut Wiesner - 1998 - In W. Schneider, Wege in der Physikdidaktik, Band IV. Palm & Enke. pp. 165-183.
    Am 14. Juli 1995 berichteten die angesehene Wissenschaftszeitschrift Science sowie die berühmte amerikanische Tageszeitung New York Times – auf dem Titelblatt – gleichzeitig über die erstmalige experimentelle Erzeugung eines Bose-Einstein-Kondensates aus einem Gas schwach wechselwirkender Alkaliatome am Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophy- sics (JILA) in Boulder/Colorado (USA). Was war an dieser Leistung so bedeutsam, dass man sich entschloss, sie auf jene Weise bekannt zu geben?
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  48.  34
    The works of Yahyā IbnʼAdī: an analytical inventory.Gerhard Endress - 1977 - Wiesbaden: Reichert.
    The fame of the Jacobite Christian Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn ''Adi (893 bis 974) as in influential philosopher and as en eminent apologist of the Christian faith has been founded on reputation rather than on the study of his work. When Augustin Perier compiled the first list of his writings in 1920, most of his philosophical works were believed to be lost. Most recent publications have enabled us to appraise his merits as a translator an commentator of Aristotle. But only (...)
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  49.  43
    The strength of admissibility without foundation.Gerhard Jäger - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (3):867-879.
  50. Kohärenter explanatorischer Pluralismus.Stephan Hartmann - 2002 - In Wolfram Hogrebe, Grenzen und Grenzüberschreitungen: XIX. Deutscher Kongress für Philosophie, Bonn, 23.-27. September 2002 : Vorträge und Kolloquien. Sinclair Press. pp. 141-150.
    Die Frage, was eine wissenschaftliche Erklärung ist, stellt seit mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert ein zentrales Thema der Wissenschaftsphilosophie dar. Die heutige Diskussion begann mit einer richtungsweisenden Arbeit von Carl Hempel im Jahre 1942 über den Erklärungsbegriff in der Geschichtswissenschaft. In dieser Arbeit gab Hempel, frühere Überlegungen von John Stuart Mill, Karl Popper und anderen präzisierend, eine formale Definition der Erklärung eines singulären Faktums.1 Mit seiner dem zugrunde liegenden Auffassung, dass die Wissenschaften sehr wohl in der Lage sind, Erklärungen zu (...)
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