The few extant arguments concerning the autonomy of science in the rational acceptance of hypotheses are examined. It is concluded that science is not morally autonomous, and that the attendant notion of rationality in science decisionmaking is inadequate. A more comprehensive notion of scientific rationality, which encompasses the old one, is proposed as a replacement. The general idea is that scientists qua scientist ought, in their acceptance decisions, to take into account the ethical consequences of acceptance as well as the (...) consequences with regard to the attainment of "purely scientific" or "epistemic" objectives. The result constitutes an argument for a (presumably cooperative) game theoretic treatment of inductive logic. (shrink)

An examination of earlier views yields an account of theoretic change on which changes in theory which do involve changes in meanings of terms are classified as a special (and by no means exhaustive) case of theoretic change which, latter, is construed as a more general phenomenon. Only the general problem is given detailed consideration here. The account given considers the problem of how replacement of intensional theories by extensional ones may be treated within the general framework provided. Among its (...) results is the conclusion that rational changes in a scientific theory may be cogently construed as determined by warranted decisions that a new theory is more adequate (than the old one it replaces) with regard to purposes for which a theory is sought. (shrink)

This special issue of Business Ethics Quarterly was organized for two reasons. First, the academic fields of business ethics and accounting ethics have developed without close theoretical or empirical connections. This is the case even though the profession of accounting is an important component of the organizational world. For this reason, it is important to foster attempts to build a bridge between the two fields, so that research in accounting ethics is more closely related to business ethics. Second, the recent (...) deluge of business scandals in which financial reporting and auditing were central elements suggests that a special issue on accounting ethics is timely.The original hope was that the special issue would contain a balance of papers from researchers in “accounting ethics” and those in “business ethics.” In line with the hope that the papers would be responsive to both fields, almost every paper submitted was reviewed by one person who is identified with business ethics and one person who is identified with accounting ethics. As it turns out, most of the papers in this issue were written by people whose academic home is the accounting department. The mix of papers reflects the emphasis in the accounting literature on empirical research on ethical behavior. (shrink)

Professions are granted autonomy by society, to regulate their own affairs. In return for the economic benefits autonomy grants to professions, society expects professions to act in a socially responsible manner. This paper presents a game-theoretic analysis of the relationship between society and professions, which shows that the relationship is unstable in the face of opportunities for professions to renege on the social contract. It also shows how periodic controversies regarding the degree to which professionals act in the public interest (...) are expected to occur periodically, and how they are resolved. (shrink)

One of the fundamental principles of good corporate governance is transparency, i.e., the disclosure of private information to external stakeholders, so that they may make judgments and decisions relating to the corporation. Equally important, but less discussed, is the competing value that corporations need to protect legitimate secrets. Corporations thus need a communication strategy for dealing with external stakeholders which addresses the conflict between disclosure and secrecy. This article focuses on an important element of that communication strategy in the context (...) of financial reporting: the possibility that corporate insiders may consider it in their interest, or in the interest of specific stakeholders, to alter or manipulate the financial information that it discloses publicly. Using concepts from the corporate governance and financial reporting literatures, it addresses the ethical question of who (management or the board of directors) should be responsible for making the fundamental strategic choices whether and (if so) how the corporation alters or manipulates the financial information. This article argues that the board of directors is responsible for formulating (and monitoring) the corporation's communication strategy, and that management is responsible for carrying it out. (shrink)

Unquestioning obedience - in politics, religion, and gender roles - leads to disaster. But how are we to overcome these pernicious traditions without hurtling toward anarchy and antinomianism? In this updated edition of a classic text, theologian Dorothee Solle examines historical patterns of obedience and oppression and suggests a model of timeless "creative disobedience" that leads to liberation for all. Appealing to the figure of Jesus, whose earthly ministry was marked by submission to the will of God, not to oppressive (...) institutions. Solle reminds us that this kind of revolutionary response is required of all of us. She also offers a revealing account of her own evolution as a female scholar searching for the meaning of God - a search that led not to a rejection of her faith, but to the theological justification of faithful and creative disobedience. (shrink)

According to a widely credited model in the business ethics literature, ethical decisions are a function of two kinds of factors, personal(individual) and situational, and these factors interact with each other. According to a contrary view of decision making that is widely held in some areas of business research, individuals’ decisions about ethical issues (and subsequent actions) are purely a function of their self-interest.The laboratory experiment reported in this paper provides a test of the person-situation interactionist model, using the general (...) theoretical and experimental framework used in the experimental economics literature. One individual and two situational factors relating to moral intensity were examined which may influence decisions to misrepresent information in the course of business activities.The individual and one situational variable were significantly related to participants’ actions. The interactions among individual andsituation variables were not individually significant, although the model including interactions had a much higher level of statistical significance. Gender was significant, both directly and in interaction with moral development, suggesting that it may be worthy of further examination. (shrink)

According to a widely credited model in the business ethics literature, ethical decisions are a function of two kinds of factors, personal(individual) and situational, and these factors interact with each other. According to a contrary view of decision making that is widely held in some areas of business research, individuals’ decisions about ethical issues (and subsequent actions) are purely a function of their self-interest.The laboratory experiment reported in this paper provides a test of the person-situation interactionist model, using the general (...) theoretical and experimental framework used in the experimental economics literature. One individual and two situational factors relating to moral intensity were examined which may influence decisions to misrepresent information in the course of business activities.The individual and one situational variable were significantly related to participants’ actions. The interactions among individual andsituation variables were not individually significant, although the model including interactions had a much higher level of statistical significance. Gender was significant, both directly and in interaction with moral development, suggesting that it may be worthy of further examination. (shrink)

Modernist Objects is a unique mix of cultural studies, literature, and visual arts applied to the discrete materiality of modernist objects. Contributors explore the many tensions surrounding the modernist relationship to objects, things, products and artIfacts through the prism of poetry, prose, visual arts, culture and crafts.

Seize universitaires americains, europeens et israeliens, reunis en 2002 a Jerusalem a l'initiative de Joelle Hansel, Shalom Rosenberg, Richard A. Cohen et Ami Bouganim, interrogent l'ensemble de l'oeuvre d'Emmanuel Levinas : ses ecrits philosophiques, etudes phenomenologiques, essais sur le judaisme, lectures talmudiques, commentaires de textes litteraires ou poetiques, reflexions sur des questions d'actualite, prises de position a l'egard de courants ou d'ideologies contemporains et textes sur l'art. Des questions majeures servent de trait d'union entre ces etudes : la relation de (...) Levinas a Husserl et Heidegger; le probleme de la subjectivite; intersubjectivite et alterite; le Tiers, la justice et l'Etat; le sionisme et l'Etat d'Israel; theologie et religion; l'hermeneutique talmudique de Levinas; sa conception du judaisme. (shrink)

"Rien de plus connu que l'opposition entre Platon et Aristote à propos du rôle de l'expérience, en grec, empeiria. Alors que Platon inviterait à détourner notre regard du sensible au profit d'une contemplation exclusive des réalités intelligibles, Aristote opèrerait essentiellement un retour à l'expérience sensible, comme en témoignent, de fait, ses investigations naturalistes et son intérêt marqué pour la pratique. Mais de quelle expérience parle-t-on? En examinant les figures de l'empeiria chez Aristote, Platon et Isocrate, ce livre restitue la véritable (...) querelle de l'expérience. Celle-ci n'oppose pas simplement un maître, Platon, à un disciple rebelle, Aristote, mais différents acteurs d'un vaste débat, dont Isocrate, au sujet de la nature du savoir utile aux hommes en matière de connaissance, de production et d'action."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Si les figures continuent à faire l'objet de l'attention des linguistes, c'est dans le cadre toujours restreint de l'élocution, en dépit d'ouvertures vers la pragmatique, qui minimisent le détail du fait grammatical. Cette étude les aborde dans une perspective non seulement de rhétorique générale mais aussi de linguistique et de philosophie du langage, ce qui conduit à soulever la question même de leur définition. Elle s'appuie sur une conception souple du langage, considéré non comme un code, mais comme un processus (...) qui admet le flou et l'approximation. Les figures ne constituent pas un écart repérable par rapport à une norme, au demeurant introuvable, mais des agencements de faits grammaticaux qui prennent leur sens dans le contexte où ils se trouvent. On passe ainsi de la notion de figure à celle de configuration, ce qui est loin d'être une simple question de terminologie. Il ne s'agit donc pas de proposer une énième liste de figures aux noms savants, mais de mettre en évidence le jeu de mécanismes inscrits dans le logos, qui, en liaison avec l'ethos du locuteur et le pathos de l'interlocuteur, contribuent à la négociation de la distance entre individus à propos d'une question, où Michel Meyer voit l'essentiel de la rhétorique. C'est une nouvelle théorie des figures qui est proposée : loin d'en faire des écarts, elle les inscrit dans le fonctionnement ordinaire du langage. (shrink)

Policyholders and other claimants in insurance companies are interested in solidity, i.e., the ability of insurers to meet their claims obligations in both the short run and the long run. Insurance regulators exist in order to represent the interests of consumers. Great emphasis is placed by the regulators of the market on the mandatory and uniform disclosure of relevant financial and operating aspects of insurers. This paper employs simple gametheoretic techniques to address two aspects of the general issue of the (...) desirability of establishing a regulator to assess the solidity of insurers. First, why would uniform information about insurers be desirable? Given that uniformity is desirable, it could be achieved by voluntary agreement of insurers or via regulation. The second issue is how that uniformity is to be achieved; that is, what is the value of a regulator in achieving uniformity? Insurance provides an interesting instance of the general problem. A key determinant is the structure of costs and benefits of securing voluntary agreements across firms. (shrink)

L'esthétique comme catégorie oscille entre sensation et jugement. La beauté assiège la raison philosophique, quêtant, de Platon à Heidegger, l'intelligible non le ravissement, indicible émoi. Les sciences sociales creusent ce fossé, substituant au concept d'esthétique celui d'Art. Il s'agit ici de dissocier goût artistique, agonistique des expertises sociales, et sentiment esthétique, expérience rare et commune d'un saisissement affectif et spirituel de tout l'être. Singulier, toujours, silencieux souvent. Comprendre son ardeur ou sa simplicité, c'est se placer aux frontières : esthétique de (...) la connaissance, anthropologie des passions, socio-sémiologie des formes, langages... Loin des précautions de la sociologie de l'art, c'est l'aventure d'une approche transversale du sens."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

The rapid uptake of digital technologies is constantly transforming the modern culture of sports spectating; however, relatively little is known about the impact of digitalization on the changing face of global sports-consuming audiences, particularly from a qualitative perspective. In this article, the relationship between modern mass digital technologies and audiences of sports spectators is described and explained by taking a customer-centric approach to grounded theory using a literature review and in-depth qualitative semi-structured interviews with sports marketing, management, and technology professionals. (...) The qualitative approach permits the gathering of in-depth insights into a problem, generates new concepts through data synthesis and analysis, and captures changing attitudes within the sports industry. Moreover, the qualitative approach to research is not bound by the limitations of quantitative methods and focuses on the primary questions of “how” and “why” digital technology’s mass deployment and diffusion have transformed content consumption in the sports industry. The analysis first systematizes and codes the collected data. Second, all the materials are iteratively read and the key points are outlined. Using the iterative analysis, the theoretical and empirical insights and findings are synthesized in order to achieve the results. Finally, dimensions of the transformation of sports spectators’ consumption are identified and explained. The research implications highlight “how” and “why” modern digital technologies have changed the sports-consuming audience by making it more inclusive in terms of age, gender, demographics, social and health status. These findings are useful for sport managers to better understand their audiences and processes in an ever-changing global society. (shrink)

_A Conversation with Cardiologist and Professor Dr. Jens Flensted Lassen._ The essay is a conversation with cardiologist Jens Flensted Lassen about the cultural history of the heart, the connections between the humanities and the hard sciences.

In his historical novel from 1835, Prince Otto of Denmark and his Time, the poet Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1789-1862) established the unknown, yet historical character, Prince Otto of Denmark (1310-1346) as the hero of the novel. This choice has puzzled critics ever since, due to the fact that Prince Otto seems less a potential king than his brother Valdemar IV (1320-1372) who actually became a king of Denmark. Georg Brandes (1842-1927) claimed that Otto mirrored Ingemann’s persona as weak and feminine, (...) a “monk” not suited for kingship. In his ridicule of Prince Otto and Ingemann, Brandes reveals his ideas about gender, masculinity and femininity, but as this article seeks to show, such ideas are tied to time and place. Read from the distance of 2019, Ingemann’s feminine medieval hero might seem more modern and progressive than Brandes would have him. In this sense, the article is a piece of “queer medievalism”. (shrink)