In the same way that humans have always had the need for inventing fictional and virtual worlds, they have also experimented an attraction for the threatening and fascinating ideas of the doppelgänger, automata, and by the related phenomena of desembodiment, ubiquity, remote viewing, bilocation, splitting personalities. The phenomenon of bilocation, for instance, has been widely mentioned in different philosophical and religious systems such as Shamanism, Christian mysticism, Hinduism, Paganism and others as the ability that some individuals (often saints, monks or (...) mystics) would have of being in two, or more, places at the same time. The advent of the Internet, new technologies and social networks has opened up new and unexpected possibilities in this respect, enabling one to expand oneself. If not long ago, these experiences had to be ‘lived’ through cinema and literature; today, it is possible to undergo them in first person: everyone is allowed to create other selves, other profiles, avatars, entities or doppelgängers that can operate in the world (remotely) as extensions of him or her. Consequently, the image has also undergone a change in function and status, opening new possibilities through its digitalization. The present work intends to explore the relationship between presence, telepresence, images and the self. (shrink)

Es necesario fundamentar teóricamente la inclusión de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en los currículos de las facultades de odontología, con el fin de impulsar comportamientos y acciones acordes con el derecho a los cuidados en salud seguros y de calidad. La presente es una investigación de revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, fundamentada en la bioética latinoamericana y los derechos humanos de los pacientes. Las interpretaciones se basan en el análisis del contenido de artículos y presentadas de acuerdo (...) con la legislación sobre derechos humanos de los pacientes y el currículo en odontología. La cultura de seguridad es una intervención para propiciar vivencias que consoliden valores y conocimientos, asimismo, requiere estrategias que centren su adopción entre todos los actores, partiendo de la relación estudiante-paciente-docente. (shrink)

This paper challenges a widespread reading of Aristotle’s use of dialectic in the treatment of aporiai. According to this reading, the search for a resolution of an aporia is supposed to proceed by arguing against conflicting theses to refute one of them. I argue that this reading is not satisfactory and propose an alternative, based on an often overlooked distinction between two dialectical procedures, the refutation (elenchos) of a thesis and the resolution (lysis) of an argument. These two terms are (...) employed fairly consistently by Aristotle in the treatises as well. Since an aporia requires not merely conflicting theses, but conflicting arguments for those theses, I contend that the ideal way out of aporiai involves a critical analysis of those arguments, akin to that involved in the dialectical resolution. A relevant implication of this reading is that it expands the critical use of dialectic for philosophy, and points to the specific philosophical utility of the Sophistical Refutations. (shrink)

Fortuna y Providencia son las fuerzas dinámicas para crear el cambio social. Estas fuerzas constituyen el leit motiv del quehacer humano, y una pretensión pedagógica de educar al hombre para alcanzar la felicidad.Fortune and Providence are the dynamic forces of social change. Those forces constitute humans chore leit motiv, and a pedagogical intention of educating the man, in order to attain happiness.

We examined how social cues and representational ones jointly shape people's spatial memory representations and their subsequent descriptions. In 24 pairs, Directors studied an array with a symmetrical structure while either knowing their Matcher's subsequent viewpoint or not. During the subsequent description of the array, the array's intrinsic structure was aligned with the Director, the Matcher, or neither partner. According to memory tests preceding descriptions, Directors who had studied the array while aligned with its structure were more likely to use (...) its orientation as an organizing direction. Directors who had studied the array while misaligned with its structure used its orientation more frequently as an organizing orientation when knowing that the Matcher would be aligned with it, but used their own viewpoint more frequently as an organizing direction when not knowing the Matcher's viewpoint. Directors also adapted their descriptions strategically, using more egocentric expressions when aligned with the intrinsic structure and more partner-centered expressions when their Matchers were the ones aligned with the structure, even when this information wasn't available in advance. These findings suggest that speakers are guided by converging social and representational cues to adapt flexibly the organization of their memories and the perspectives of their descriptions. (shrink)

El presente artículo es una reflexión profunda sobre los principales fundamentos del Derecho penal. En concreto, se ocupa de esclarecer los criterios de verdad sobre los que se apoyan las decisiones de los jueces. Ello supone cuestionar las bases filosóficas y científicas más rígidas del mundo jurídico, que postulan su carácter objetivo, y exponerlas a la crítica sociológica y política.The present article is a deep reflection on the principal foundations of the Criminal law. Specially, it is busy with clarifying the (...) criteria of truth on those who rest the decisions of the judges. It supposes questioning the most rigid philosophical and scientific bases of the juridical world, which postulate his objective character, and exposing them to the sociological and political critique. (shrink)

In his philosophy P. F. Strawson employs the method of analysis, which he describes as \"[...] resolution of something complex into elements and the exhibition of the ways in which the elements are related in the complex.\" During fifty years of his philosophical activity Strawson has worked out two conceptions of analysis: the analysis of ordinary language and the connective analysis. In general Strawson\'s contribution to philosophy may be viewed as an elaboration of his conception of analysis and its deployment (...) for particular cases. In the article the Author presents Strawson\'s criticism of the following conceptions of analysis: reductive analysis, therapeutic analysis and analysis as construction of a conceptual map. Then she gives an account of Strawson\'s analysis of ordinary language and his connective analysis. In conclusion she tries to point out difficulties connected with this method of analysis. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es el explorar la connotación que el vocablo ¿democracia¿ presenta para Alexis de Tocqueville, en particular en su obra paradigmática, La democracia en América. Para ello, se establecerán comparaciones con las diversas acepciones previas de dicha palabra, a fin de establecer continuidades y rupturas con las mismas. De éstas últimas es preciso rescatar principalmente el hecho de que el bisnieto de Malherbes utilizase el apelativo de democrático en función de una experiencia de vida que él (...) percibía de forma absolutamente divergente con cualquier modo de convivencia implementado en el pasado. La democracia será a su juicio un nuevo estado social, y en su carácter de tal, modificará los patrones de conducta político-sociales de manera radical. Si el pasado deja de iluminar el porvenir, si nos encontramos en una situación crítica, si la oposición entre democracia directa y representativa pierde su validez, debemos tratar de comprender lo que nos rodea con una palabra que refleje un mundo enteramente nuevo. (shrink)

Patentowanie ludzkich genów jest zjawiskiem, które w obecnych czasach nabrało intensywności i znaczenia. Jest jedną z kluczowych form zabezpieczania praw własności przemysłowej, zwłaszcza dla ośrodków badawczych i koncernów farmaceutycznych. Ze względu na naturę produktu podlegającego opatentowaniu, pomysł patentowania genów budzi wiele kontrowersji i rodzi spory na różnych płaszczyznach. Celem artykułu jest naszkicowanie ram prawnych dla tego zjawiska (m.in. porównanie regulacji europejskich i amerykańskich) oraz krytyczne omówienie argumentów przemawiających zarówno w obronie tej procedury, jak i przeciwko niej, wysuwane z różnych perspektyw: (...) prawnej (kwestia posiadania przez geny tzw. zdolności patentowej, kontrowersje związane z prawem własności do ludzkiego ciała), społeczno-ekonomicznej (wpływ zjawiska na rozwój badań naukowych oraz na ceny leków i dostępność różnych terapii) oraz etycznej (omówionej na podstawie wybranych kazusów). Artykuł zarysowuje również kilka propozycji rozwiązań praktycznych, które mają usuwać przynajmniej niektóre kontrowersje związane z patentowaniem genów. (shrink)

Empirical research in bioethics has developed rapidly over the past decade, but has largely eschewed the use of technology-driven methodologies. We propose “design bioethics” as an area of conjoined theoretical and methodological innovation in the field, working across bioethics, health sciences and human-centred technological design. We demonstrate the potential of digital tools, particularly purpose-built digital games, to align with theoretical frameworks in bioethics for empirical research, integrating context, narrative and embodiment in moral decision-making. Purpose-built digital tools can engender situated engagement (...) with bioethical questions; can achieve such engagement at scale; and can access groups traditionally under-represented in bioethics research and theory. If developed and used with appropriate rigor, tools motivated by “design bioethics” could offer unique insights into new and familiar normative and empirical issues in the field. (shrink)

If the tragic interpretation of experience is still so current, despite its disastrous ethical consequences, it is because it shapes our subjectivity. Instead of contradicting the ideals of autonomy and freedom, a modern subjectivity based on self-victimization in effect enables them. By embracing subjection to an alienating other (the Law, Power) the autonomous subject protects its sameness from the disruption of real people. Seductions of Fate stages a dialogue between this tragic agent of political emancipation and the unconditional ethical demands (...) it seeks to evade. (shrink)

El propósito de este ensayo es señalar, revisar y comentar algunas estrategias intertextuales presentes en los artefactos poéticos de la Antigüedad Tardía. Específicamente, examinaremos dos pasajes de los poemas de Draconcio, donde la relación de copresencia entre los textos está ligada a ciertas anomalías en la cadencia métrica de los versos. Intentaremos probar cómo, a veces, la relegatio de variantes textuales al aparato crítico ha impedido percibir procedimientos poéticos fónica y semánticamente relevantes.

The present study examined early social game routines during natural face-to-face mother–infant interactions and their relationship with oxytocin. Forty-three mother–infant dyads were observed, when infants were 4 months old, during a procedure involving a baseline and a natural interaction, where mothers were instructed to interact with their infants as they would at home. During this procedure four saliva samples from mothers and infants were collected to determine levels of oxytocin at different time points. Social game routines and infant social engagement (...) (gaze, positive, and negative affect) were coded during the natural interaction. Social games were observed in 76.7% of the mother–infant dyads, and 46 different types of games were identified. Mothers initiated games to re-engage infants significantly more often than when infants were already engaged with them. During the games, infants showed more positive affect and less negative affect in comparison to the rest of the interaction. Finally, maternal increase in oxytocin from before to after the natural interaction was positively correlated with game rate and time spent in games, while infant increase in oxytocin from before to after the natural interaction was inversely related to game rate. These results indicate that social games are an inherent part of early mother–infant interactions, and their occurrence is associated with oxytocin of both infants and mothers. (shrink)

En el siguiente artículo se analiza "Hopeful Monsters or, The Unfulfilled Figure in Hayden White´s Conceptual System", donde Kellner demuestra que la teoría de la figuralidad está latente desde el inicio de la teoría de Hayden White. Además, aplica el análisis figural a la propia obra de White afirmando que la teoría de los tropos será cumplimentada por el emplotment que, a su vez, será cumplimentado por el figuralismo. Luego se sigue el desarrollo de Kellner que muestra que en los (...) pasajes de White hay dos usos diferentes del concepto de unfulfillment: una noción de incumplimiento como figura que no llegó a su máxima potencia y una noción de incumplimiento como lo sublime indecible. Se examina específicamente la cuestión judía, asumiendo la misma como una figura incumplida y se rescatan las contribuciones del romanticismo y del iluminismo a su cumplimentación. Por último, se realizan algunas críticas a la insistencia de Kellner en el papel post teológico del figuralismo y al lugar del incumplimiento ligado a lo sublime como trascendiendo lo histórico. ARK: ark:/s18537960/eimr/sd31. (shrink)

This work pretends to visualize the importance of the role that in the emergency, consolidation and expansion of the phenomenon of pathological view and over medication of the present childhood and adolescence seem to perform today certain types of criteria on which to base the undertaking of learning problems we are today faced with by children and teenagers in the classroom. To get this aim, we refer to re educated psycho educational practises, from which the cognitive-conductual views are questioned where (...) they supported on, and different interventionist typed are proposed from the clinical psycho pedagogical and psycho educational approach. With the aim of contribute to lectures from this area start to occupy a central place in the schedule developed on these subjects, considering that, frequently, they are postponed and relegated to the educational area, as if it had no connection with “the clinical” and the impact they have in the processes of establishing the subjectivity. (shrink)

Worldwide interest in understanding art and creative practices as valid forms of knowledge production has led to the establishment of research-creation as an interdisciplinary academic field in the last twenty years in Canada as elsewhere. Its establishment relates to a growing interest in critical making and technological innovation and to the legacies of feminism(s) and its critique of the power dynamics of knowledge production within academia. This article outlines a series of interactive projects that bring visibility to Latin American women (...) in art, science and technology and speculates on the legacies of feminism(s) in the emergence of research-creation. The four projects discussed build on each other and explore re-mediation, re-activation and re-enactment as part of a collaborative feminist research-creation methodology. I theorize their potential to activate political memory by highlighting how these three approaches to creation share a preoccupation for revisiting the past through repetition, iteration and the facilitation of intergenerational encounters among humans, non-humans and across media and technologies. While discussing the feminist orientation of these approaches, I suggest a critique of dominant modes of knowledge production that have obscured the contributions of Latin American women and offer four research-creation interventions in the media arts archive. (shrink)

In a matter of mere milliseconds, conversational partners can transform their expectations about the world in a way that accords with another person's perspective. At the same time, in similar situations, the exact opposite also appears to be true. Rather than being at odds, these findings suggest that there are multiple contextual and processing constraints that may guide when and how people consider perspective. These constraints are shaped by a host of factors, including the availability of social and environmental cues, (...) and intrinsic biases and cognitive abilities. To explain how these might be integrated in a new way forward, we turn to an adaptive account of interpersonal interaction. This account draws from basic principles of dynamical systems, principles that we argue are already expressed, both implicitly and explicitly, within a broad landscape of existing research. We then showcase an initial attempt to develop a computational framework to instantiate some of these principles. This framework, consisting of what we argue to be important mechanistic insights rendered by neural network models, is based on a promising and long-standing approach that has yet to take hold in the current domain. We argue that by bridging this gap, new insights into other theoretical accounts, such as the connections between memory and common ground information, might be revealed. (shrink)

Abstract:In this article, we present a pragmatic approach to neuroethics, referring back to John Dewey and his articulation of the “common good” and its discovery through systematic methods. Pragmatic neuroethics bridges philosophy and social sciences and, at a very basic level, considers that ethics is not dissociable from lived experiences and everyday moral choices. We reflect on the integration between empirical methods and normative questions, using as our platform recent bioethical and neuropsychological research into moral cognition, action, and experience. Finally, (...) we present the protocol of a study concerning teenagers’ morality in everyday life, discussing our epistemological choices as an example of a pragmatic approach in empirical ethics. We hope that this article conveys that even though the scope of neuroethics is broad, it is important not to move too far from the real life encounters that give rise to moral questions in the first place. (shrink)

A obra de José Saramago tornou-se conhecida pela peculiaridade das narrativas queabordam temas significativos relacionados aos problemas dos homens com o seu tempo, comoo medo da morte, a história e o seu peso na memória da sociedade, os sentimentos mais diversose também os problemas que constituem a contemporaneidade. No ciclo de romances alegóricos,José Saramago escreve romances em que elabora uma crítica à sociedade voltada ao egoísmo,à solidão, ao consumismo desenfreado e às desigualdades. Todos os nomes, publicado em 1997,é um romance (...) que trata da ideia do nome, em uma alusão à linguagem e à identidade reveladaatravés do nome atribuído a cada indivíduo. A ideia do nome, e de tudo o que ele traz em si,está em Walter Benjamin em diversos textos, mas especificamente em Escritos sobre mito elinguagem. A partir das premissas benjaminianas e de textos críticos acerca da obra de JoséSaramago, este artigo apresenta uma leitura do romance Todos os nomes, estabelecendorelações entre a linguagem a e representação dos indivíduos que surgem a partir da constituiçãodo nome. (shrink)

El concepto de comunidad, acuñado en el siglo XIX por Ferdinand Tönnies, sigue constituyendo el sustrato del pensamiento de la vida cotidiana, pero también de formulaciones teóricas y políticas. En particular, está detrás de la idea de mediación comunitaria, con la que nos proponemos nuevas utopías de autogestión de los conflictos. Sin embargo, el marco social en el que se creó el concepto ha cambiado profundamente, sobre todo a partir de los últimos 40 años al calor de la llamada “globalización”. (...) El artículo explora estos cambios, y sugiere hacia donde pueden abrirse las nuevas interpretaciones, mostrando además cómo estos afectarían a la mediación comunitaria. (shrink)

The article briefly approaches some questions on the main penal theories that they turn around the determination of the penalty in the sentenced ones of codified legal systems, being jurisdictional processes, among them, the theory of the danger of Cesar Lombroso. The tendency of these criminal po..