Wiodący cel artykułu stanowi analiza zaburzeń języka i mowy w kategoriach ucieleśnionego poznania. Autorzy podejmują w nim próbę pokazania natury i mechanizmów takich zaburzeń jak na przykład afazja, dyzartria, apraksja mowy w świetle tego ujęcia, oraz wskazują na wynikające z tego implikacje dla ich diagnostyki i terapii. Podstawę materiałową dla prezentowanych rozważań stanowi koncepcja ucieleśnionych metafor George’a Lakoffa i Marka Johnsona w powiązaniu z fenomenologiczną koncepcją prerefleksyjnej intencjonalności Maurice’a Merleau-Ponty’ego oraz współczesne badania z zakresu psychologii eksperymentalnej, lingwistyki kognitywnej i neuronauki. (...) Szczególną uwagę poświęcono pod tym względem zagadnieniu roli układu sensomotorycznego, w tym funkcji neuronów lustrzanych, oraz teoretycznym modelom fonologicznym. Metodologia badawcza opiera się na analizie porównawczej teoretycznych modeli ucieleśnionego poznania oraz ich aplikacji w wyjaśnieniu specyfiki mechanizmów zaburzeń języka i mowy. Artykuł integruje wyniki badań fenomenologicznych z empirycznymi ustaleniami neuropsychologicznymi, tworząc podstawy dla interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do problematyki języka. Główną tezę artykułu stanowi założenie, iż procesy językowe są ściśle związane z mechanizmami sensomotorycznymi oraz doświadczeniami o charakterze cielesnym, a ich zakłócenia należy interpretować jako zaburzenia interakcji między ciałem a procesami poznawczymi. Wnioski wskazują na konieczność uwzględnienia cielesnych uwarunkowań języka w praktyce diagnostycznej i terapeutycznej. Autorzy podkreślają efektywność metod angażujących ciało, takich jak terapia intonacyjno-melodyczna czy techniki ruchowe, w rehabilitacji zaburzeń języka. Artykuł stanowi również argument na rzecz dalszych badań interdyscyplinarnych, łączących psychologię, neuronaukę i lingwistykę, w celu lepszego zrozumienia związków między ciałem, umysłem i językiem. (shrink)

Wiodący cel artykułu stanowi analiza zaburzeń języka i mowy w kategoriach ucieleśnionego poznania. Autorzy podejmują w nim próbę pokazania natury i mechanizmów takich zaburzeń jak na przykład afazja, dyzartria, apraksja mowy w świetle tego ujęcia, oraz wskazują na wynikające z tego implikacje dla ich diagnostyki i terapii. Podstawę materiałową dla prezentowanych rozważań stanowi koncepcja ucieleśnionych metafor George’a Lakoffa i Marka Johnsona w powiązaniu z fenomenologiczną koncepcją prerefleksyjnej intencjonalności Maurice’a Merleau-Ponty’ego oraz współczesne badania z zakresu psychologii eksperymentalnej, lingwistyki kognitywnej i neuronauki. (...) Szczególną uwagę poświęcono pod tym względem zagadnieniu roli układu sensomotorycznego, w tym funkcji neuronów lustrzanych, oraz teoretycznym modelom fonologicznym. Metodologia badawcza opiera się na analizie porównawczej teoretycznych modeli ucieleśnionego poznania oraz ich aplikacji w wyjaśnieniu specyfiki mechanizmów zaburzeń języka i mowy. Artykuł integruje wyniki badań fenomenologicznych z empirycznymi ustaleniami neuropsychologicznymi, tworząc podstawy dla interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do problematyki języka. Główną tezę artykułu stanowi założenie, iż procesy językowe są ściśle związane z mechanizmami sensomotorycznymi oraz doświadczeniami o charakterze cielesnym, a ich zakłócenia należy interpretować jako zaburzenia interakcji między ciałem a procesami poznawczymi. Wnioski wskazują na konieczność uwzględnienia cielesnych uwarunkowań języka w praktyce diagnostycznej i terapeutycznej. Autorzy podkreślają efektywność metod angażujących ciało, takich jak terapia intonacyjno-melodyczna czy techniki ruchowe, w rehabilitacji zaburzeń języka. Artykuł stanowi również argument na rzecz dalszych badań interdyscyplinarnych, łączących psychologię, neuronaukę i lingwistykę, w celu lepszego zrozumienia związków między ciałem, umysłem i językiem. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:IconsEwa HarabaszArtistEwa Harabasz was born in Czestochowa, Poland. She currently lives and paints in New York City, where she is represented by The Luxe Gallery. Her paintings have been recently featured in several solo shows in Poland, most recently at Galeria BWA in Bielsko Biala, Le Guern in Warsaw, Galeria Miejska Arsenal in Poznan, and Galeria Wozownia in Torun. Her work was also featured in a solo exhibition at (...) the Luxe Gallery in New York. Her paintings have been included in a number of group shows including “Poza” at Real Art Ways in Hartford (see the catalog, “Poza: On the Polishness of Polish Contemporary Art”). Ewa Harabasz's new work will be presented in 2008 as part of the group show “Identity and Otherness in the Face of Anxiety” at the Socio-Political Contemporary Art Museum in Jerusalem, Israel.Harabasz has worked in church and religious art conservation in Italy and Poland, and grew up in Czestochowa, the seat of a Polish national religious shrine—a Byzantine icon called “Black Madonna.” She has been a visiting assistant professor at Cornell University since 2005.StatementThe images painted by Ewa Harabasz present themselves as ambiguous “icons”: it is unclear whether they refer to media representations of present-day war and destruction or to religious or spiritual iconography. Harabasz appropriates mass media images from the wars in Bosnia and Iraq, the Beslan tragedy, and London underground transportation terrorism by using photographic transfer methods combined with painting on wood in the style of inspirational religious art. Harabasz insists that the spectacle inherent in her images is a critical reflection on how the destruction and horror of human suffering in war and terrorism is often glamorized and dramatized, and turned into present-day pseudo-icons by the mass media to be consumed by the public as a “redeeming” experience. Writer Dora Apel cautions viewers to reflect “that these works are less analogous to the Byzantine icons of Harabasz's native Poland than the International Gothic paintings of the late Middle Ages, which demanded of religious art that it correlate with people's everyday experience. Paintings of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries employed an extensive use of gold to create a sumptuous surface but combined it with a radical naturalism. The images ultimately pictured the workings of secular power, combined with religious figures. This came about at a time when religion focused increasingly on human and humane concerns. Similarly Harabasz uses a spiritual lens to focus on worldly experience, achieving, for modern sensibilities, the same elegance, coloristic splendor, narrative detail, and lyricism as those earlier medieval works.”Harabasz says that despite her obvious references to the Madonna images and other religious iconography, she wishes these images to be viewed as “false icons.” While saints and martyrs are immortalized via religious art, the survivors and victims whom media notoriously immortalize had no choice in their suffering. [End Page 81] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 82] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 83] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 84] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 85] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 86] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 87] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 88] Click for larger view View full resolution[End Page 89]Copyright © 2008 The Johns Hopkins University Press... (shrink)

The introduction of Women and Gender Studies in Polish universities is intrinsically connected with the systemic transformation following 1989. This change was marked by the rejection of the communist past with its nominal sexual equality and acceptance of a conservative culture legally restricting women’s rights. Since the mid-nineties, Women and Gender Studies programs have been instituted in many state and private universities albeit on an auxiliary, extramural bases or as “specialization” within other degrees (e.g., sociology, or cultural studies). Since the (...) mid-2000s, gender studies in Poland include studies of masculinity, gender identity formation and queer theory in addition to the traditional women studies program. After Poland joined the EU, the introduction of European legal standards started to influence the progress in Poland’s gender politics towards greater recognition of minority rights. Gender Studies are in the foreground of these changes in teaching and training students and colleagues in gender issues seen as crucial for building a democratic inclusive society. (shrink)

Experimental emotion inductions provide the strongest causal evidence of the effects of emotions on psychological and physiological outcomes. In the present qualitative review, we evaluated five common experimental emotion induction techniques: visual stimuli, music, autobiographical recall, situational procedures, and imagery. For each technique, we discuss the extent to which they induce six basic emotions: anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, and sadness. For each emotion, we discuss the relative influences of the induction methods on subjective emotional experience and physiological responses. Based (...) on the literature reviewed, we make emotion-specific recommendations for induction methods to use in experiments. (shrink)

I present the scope andcharacteristics of Marx''s interest in Russiaand review its evolution. Initially, Marx''sattitudes were marked by russophobia,pronounced anti-panslavism, assessments ofRussia as an outpost of European reaction andcounterrevolution, and even as the head of aconspiracy to block the world revolution. Withtime, however, Marx came to consider Russia asthe country in which the outbreak of theRevolution was most likely. In his research forsucessive volumes of Capital, he readRussian theoretical works by, among others, V.Bervi-Flerovskij and A. Koshelev. Marx''sattitudes to the anticipated (...) peasant revolutionin Russia remained ambivalent; to a certaindegree he feared its occurrence suspecting thatit could take on an `asiatic'' hue. (shrink)

"In this edited collection, an international ensemble of scholars examine what contemporary cinema tells us about neoliberal capitalism and cinema, exploring whether filmmakers are able to imagine progressive alternatives under capitalist conditions. Individual contributions discuss filmmaking practices, film distribution, textual characteristics and the reception of films made in different parts of the world. They engage with topics such as class struggle, debt, multiculturalism and the effect of neoliberalism on love and sexual behaviour. Written in accessible, jargon-free language, Contemporary Cinema and (...) Neoliberal Ideology is an essential text for those interested in political filmmaking and the political meanings of films."--Provided by publisher. (shrink)

This book is the first presentation in Polish scientific literature of the views and concepts of social constructivists on the complex and varied problems of the philosophy of science with particular consideration of mathematics. It is based on numerous publications and comments of the founders and supporters of social constructivism.

Plagiarism may distress universities in the US, but there is little agreement as to exactly what constitutes plagiarism. While there is ample research on plagiarism, there is scant literature on the content of university policies regarding it. Using a systematic sample, we qualitatively analyzed 20 Carnegie-classified universities that are “Very High in Research.” This included 15 public state universities and five high-profile private universities. We uncovered highly varied and even contradictory policies at these institutions. Notable policy variations existed for verbatim (...) plagiarism, intentional plagiarism and unauthorized student collaboration at the studied institutions. We conclude by advising that the American Association of University Professors and other overarching academic bodies confer and come to accord on the disposition of these issues. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Cognitive Linguistics Jahrgang: 27 Heft: 4 Seiten: 479-491.

According to an intuition highly popular in Western world, beliefs, includ-ing religious beliefs, must be supported by sufficient evidence in order to be held in a rational (or justified) way (evidentialism). Plantinga for-mulates his own view about the rationality of religious beliefs, which he considers as opposite to the traditional view. The central thesis of his position is that religious beliefs are perfectly rational when believed in the basic way, that is without any evidence or argument and even with-out the (...) use of natural reason at all. According to Plantinga people could have acquired their religious beliefs via extraordinary cognitive faculty, which he calls, after Calvin, sensus divinitatis. In this paper I ask a ques-tion whether Plantinga successfully rejects traditional intuition about the need of natural reason for religious beliefs. For this purpose, I first refer to Plantinga’s understanding of the traditional concept of the rationality of religious beliefs. I then summarize Plantinga’s views on the third condi-tion of knowledge and his account of the rationality of religious beliefs. Next, I turn to the critical part of the article. I point out the inadequacy of Plantinga’s position. To do so I first analyze and criticize Plantinga’s argument for the view that possessing sufficient evidence for religious beliefs is not an epistemic duty. I argue that Plantinga rejects only one understanding of that requirement and this is not enough to reject the whole idea of evidentialism. Then, I criticize Plantinga’s position on the third condition of knowledge, which he calls warrant. To this end I recall Laurence BonJour’s argument against externalism, since my critique of Plantinga’s position is analogous to BonJour’s argument. If my critique is successful then it is not that religious belief could be held in rational way without the use of natural reason, because in this case subject would be epistemically irresponsible. (shrink)

A method is presented for constructing natural deduction-style systems for propositional relevant logics. The method consists in first translating formulas of relevant logics into ternary relations, and then defining deduction rules for a corresponding logic of ternary relations. Proof systems of that form are given for various relevant logics. A class of algebras of ternary relations is introduced that provides a relation-algebraic semantics for relevant logics.

What kind of challenge does sexual and racial difference pose for postmodern ethics? What is the relation between ethical obligation and feminist interpretations of embodiment, passion, and eros? How can we negotiate between ethical responsibility for the Other and democratic struggles against domination, injustice, and equality, on the one hand, and internal conflicts within the subject, on the other? We cannot address such questions, Ziarek argues, without putting into dialogue discourses that have hitherto been segregated: postmodern ethics, feminism, race theory, (...) and the idea of radical democracy. Addressing a constellation of diverse thinkers - including Emmanuel Levinas, Patricia Williams, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Frantz Fanon, Julia Kristeva, and Luce Irigaray - the author proposes a new conception of ethics, an ethics of dissensus that rethinks the relation between freedom and obligation in a double context of embodiment and antagonism. (shrink)