Background: Individualized care is closely related to the fulfillment of nurses’ ethical responsibilities regarding the provision of healthcare as well as having a strong foundation in the philosophy of nursing. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association of job satisfaction and burnout with individualized care perceptions in nurses working at a university hospital located in the Central Black Sea region of northern Turkey. Research design: A cross-sectional correlational survey design. Participants and research context: The study was conducted between 15 (...) February 2017 and 15 August 2017 with 419 nurses working at a public university hospital located in Samsun. Data were collected using an information form, the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse Version, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman Correlation were used. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ondokuz Mayıs University Clinical Studies Board of Ethics. Oral informed consent was taken from the participants. Findings: There was a significant positive relationship between the total Individualized Care Scale-A Nurse Version score and the General Satisfaction subscale score of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale (r = 0.121, p < 0.05). The total Individualized Care Scale-A Nurse Version score increased as the General Satisfaction subscale score of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale increased. There was a significant negative relationship between the total Individualized Care Scale-B Nurse Version score and the Desensitization (r = –0.143, p < 0.01) and Personal Achievement subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (r = –0.182, p < 0.01). The Desensitization and Personal Achievement subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory increased as the total Individualized Care Scale-B Nurse Version score decreased. Discussion: Factors associated with the individualized care perceptions of nurses, such as job satisfaction and burnout levels and factors related to personal life and worklife should be taken into consideration. Also in order to increase job satisfaction and motivation in nurses, personal preferences regarding the service they want to work at should be taken into account. Conclusion: Nurses with lower burnout and higher job satisfaction were found to have higher individualized care perceptions and to support the individuality of patients in care applications. It is important to consider work-related factors associated with individualized care perceptions, job satisfaction, and burnout in nurses. (shrink)

Bu makalede, öncelikle, “Darvinci evrim” ile başlayan, “modern sentez” (genetik) ile zirvesine ulaşan, son otuz yıldır “genişletilmiş evrimsel sentez” (epigenetik) ile yenilenen modern biyolojinin yolculuğunun şey metafiziğinden ziyade süreç metafiziğinin kabullerini gerektirdiği ve metafizikteki bu değişimin epistemolojik kabulleri de etkilediği iddia edilecektir. İkinci olarak, genişletilmiş evrimsel sentezin gen anlayışına göre süreç metafiziğine dayalı bağıntısal bilgi kavramının daha yüksek bir çözüm değeri taşıyabileceği ortaya konacaktır. Son olarak, epistemolojideki bu değişimin pratik yansıma alanlarından biri olarak da öngörücü genetik analizlerin vermesi beklenen tavsiyenin (...) epistemik geçerliliği sorgulanacaktır. (shrink)

Çeşitli disiplinlerde farklı açılardan ele alınan haset ve gıpta duygusu, yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak, bireyin hayatını yapıcı veya yıkıcı yönde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Haset, çeşitli gerilim alanlarına ve çatışmalara yol açarken gıpta, güçlü ve derin motivasyonlara imkân tanımaktadır. Bu açıdan haset ve gıpta, dönüşüm ya da çözülme dinamiğinin bir parçası olarak işlev görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile haset ve gıpta arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını ve eğer varsa bu ilişkinin yönünü tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda 18-65 (...) yaş aralığında Bursa’da ikâmet eden 179’u erkek, 335’i kadın olmak üzere toplam 514 katılımcıdan oluşan çalışma grubuna Haset ve Gıpta Ölçeği,Dindarlık Ölçeği ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Google Form aracılığı ile toplanan veriler SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile haset arasında negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte dindarlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile gıpta arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin tevbe kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi ve Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi’nin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören toplam 196 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler Google Form aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak çalışmada kişisel bilgi formu ve “Tevbe....(metafor)…benzer, çünkü....(metafor sebebi)” cümlelerinin kullanıldığı yarı yapılandırılmış bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi tekniğinden (...) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda 196 üniversite öğrencisi tarafından 70 farklı metafor üretildiği bulgulanmıştır. Araştırmada tevbe kavramına ilişkin üretilen metaforlarla ilgili tevbenin dinî işlevi ve tevbenin psikolojik işlevi olmak üzere 2 tema oluşturulmuştur. Tevbenin dinî işlevi temasına (%60,2) ait 3 kod oluşturulmuştur: Manevî arınma yolu, kutsalla buluşma ve iyi davranışlarda kararlılık. Tevbenin psikolojik işlevi temasına (%39,8) ait olarak da 3 kod oluşturulmuştur. Bu kodlar; psikolojik rahatlama, yeni bir başlangıç ve kendisiyle yüzleşmedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre metaforların manevî arınma yolu, kendisiyle yüzleşme ve yeni bir başlangıç kodlarında yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. (shrink)

Estimating the effect of a randomized treatment and the effect that is transmitted through a mediator is often complicated by treatment noncompliance. In literature, an instrumental variable (IV)-based method has been developed to study causal mediation effects in the presence of treatment noncompliance. Existing studies based on the IV-based method focus on identifying the mediated portion of the intention-to-treat effect, which relies on several identification assumptions. However, little attention has been given to assessing the sensitivity of the identification assumptions or (...) mitigating the impact of violating these assumptions. This study proposes a two-stage joint modeling method for conducting causal mediation analysis in the presence of treatment noncompliance, in which modeling assumptions can be employed to decrease the sensitivity to violation of some identification assumptions. The use of a joint modeling method is also conducive to conducting sensitivity analyses to the violation of identification assumptions. We demonstrate our approach using the Jobs II data, in which the effect of job training on job seekers’ mental health is examined. (shrink)

Aristoteles’in pratik akıl yürütme/bilgelik (phronesis) üzerine olan açıklamaları eylem (praksis) ile ilgili açıklamasıyla yakından bağlantılıdır. Pratik akıl yürütme söz konusu olduğunda onun Aristoteles tarafından düşünme ve karakter erdemleri olarak ikiye ayrılan erdemlerle ilişkisi son derece önemlidir. Bu ilişkiyi daha açık kılmak adına öncelikle pratik düşünmenin teorik düşünmeyle dolayısıyla düşünme erdemleriyle olan bağı sorgulanmıştır. Örneğin pratik akıl yürütmedeki akılsal çıkarımın, teorik çıkarım gibi mi iş gördüğü, yoksa farklı bir şekilde mi ilerlediği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında pratik düşünmenin temel ve yan öncülleri (...) üzerinden istek, arzu ve sezgisel akıl ile olan ilişkisi ve bu ilişkin kişinin eylemiyle olan bağı sorgulanmıştır. Biz de bu tartışmamızda, Aristoteles’te pratik akıl yürütmenin nasıl gerçekleştiğini, sözünü edeceğimiz yorumlar içerisinde yani pratik ve teorik düşünmenin ilerleyiş şekli, ele aldıkları öncüller ve sonuçları, amaçları bağlamında anlamaya çalışacağız. (shrink)

When sharing a task with another person that requires turn taking, as in doubles games of table tennis, performance on the shared task is similar to performing the whole task alone. This has been taken to indicate that humans co-represent their partner’s task share, as if it were their own. Task co-representation allows prediction of the other’s responses when it is the other’s turn, and leads to response conflict in joint interference tasks. However, data from our lab cast doubt on (...) the view that task co-representation and resulting response conflict are the only or even primary source of effects observed in task sharing. Recent findings furthermore suggest another potential source of interference in joint task performance that has been neglected so far: Self-other discrimination and conflict related to agent identification (i.e., determining whether it is “my” or the other’s turn). Based on these findings we propose that participants might not always co-represent what their partner is supposed to do, but instead co-represent that another agent is responsible for part of the task, and when it is his turn. We call this account the actor co-representation account. (shrink)

Background: Rising levels of burnout and decreasing job satisfaction can inhibit healthcare professionals from providing high-quality care due to a corresponding decrease in their ethical sensitivity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of ethical sensitivity in emergency service nurses and their levels of burnout and job satisfaction. Research design: This research employed a descriptive and cross-sectional design. Participants and research context: This study was conducted with a sample of 236 nurses, all of whom worked in (...) emergency service between 24 July 2015 and 28 April 2016. Data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Ondokuz Mayıs University. Findings: There was a weak and negative correlation (r = –0.158, p = 0.015) between Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory scores. There was also a weak and negative correlation (r = –0.335, p < 0.001) between the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale scores. Discussion and conclusion: Decreased job satisfaction and increased burnout levels among emergency service nurses might result in them indulging in improper practices, frequently facing ethical problems, and a decrease in the overall quality of service in hospitals. In order for emergency service nurses to recognize ethical problems and make the most accurate decisions, a high level of ethical sensitivity is critical. In this respect, it is suggested that continuing education after graduation and training programs should be organized. (shrink)

In this study, I examine the Passionate Work Ethics within the conceptual framework of “affective economy”, which I argue establishes the work ideology of today’s flexible and precarious post-Fordist work regime. More specifically, I focus on “immaterial labor” as a specific form of labor in today’s post-Fordist capitalism and flexible and precarious freelancing as its epitome. Based on interviews with independent professionals who are currently working as freelancer, this study seeks to understand how today’s prevalent flexible and precarious post-Fordist work (...) regime makes itself desirable, through what kind of structures of affects and affective mechanisms. The main claim of the study is that the Passionate Work Ethics, with its affective investment in our desires, hopes and fears that covers up precarity creates a work ethics that makes desirable widespread precarity and flexibility through passive joyful affects. In this context, it has been revealed that the Passionate Work Ethics operates by arousing motivation, impulse and desire with the promises of “freedom-autonomy”, “spatio-temporal flexibility”, “self-realization and self-development” and “affective satisfaction”. (shrink)

The swift advancement of intensive care medicine, coupled with technological possibilities, has prompted numerous ethical inquiries regarding decision-making processes concerning the withholding or withdrawal of treatment due to medical futility. This study seeks to delineate the decision-making approaches employed by intensive care physicians in Türkiye when faced with medical futility at the end of life, along with an ethical evaluation of these practices. Grounded theory, a qualitative analysis method was employed, conducting semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eleven intensive care physicians in (...) Türkiye. The subsequent text analysis was carried out using MAXQDA software. Participants assert that the decisions made by Turkish physicians determine whether treatment is futile, rely on medical consensus, and lack a standardized decision-making process. The decisions are influenced by legal and social pressures, resource constraints, and occasional conflicts of interest. The significance of professional hierarchy is notable, with limited consideration given to the opinions of nurses and other staff. The unstructured medical consensus processes are shaped by normative concepts such as benefit, age, justice, and conscience. Furthermore, it was observed that the conscientious opinions of physicians carry more weight than adherence to ethical principles and guidelines. To create optimal conditions for doctors to make ethically justifiable decisions, the dynamics within the treatment team should be improved, emphasizing the minimization of hierarchy, and ensuring the active participation of all team members in the decision-making process. Additionally, efforts should be directed toward narrowing the gap between the conscience of the individual doctor and established ethical principles. A potential solution lies in the nationwide implementation of clinical ethics committees and the establishing of clinical ethics guidelines, aiming to address, and overcome the identified challenges. (shrink)

In the period that began with the death of the Prophet Hz Muhammad, the martyrdom of Hz. Othmān and the Battles of Camel and Siffin which took place during the caliphate of Hz. Ali, caused Muslims to have confronted each other. The debates that started after these incidents had been carried out within the frame of killing a Muslim in particular and the issue of predestionation in general. The personal opinions that emerged in the first period became the doctrines of (...) the parties/sects over time. These parties/sects have criticized each other on this subject as well as all other subjects and they have written refutations to one another. This deep-rooted and complicated issue has been handled in the Ottoman period in both Arabic and Turkish works as either a chapter or a separate risālah (epistles). Khalil Shukru’s risālah on qaḍā and qadar is one of those risālahs that we have discussed in this article. In his separately written risālah, he tried to refuse the opinions of some parties regarding qaḍā, and qadar by explaining his own opinions with examples. This study is based on Khalil Shukru Afandī's risālah qaḍā and qadar. A brief information about the author's life and scientific personality was given based on archive documents and then the epistle was analyzed. The author has handled the subject in a unique way, interpreting the situations ordained by Allah and human acts as a separate qadar. Khalil Shukru Afandī examines human acts in two different groups as acquisition (kasb) and creation (khalq), qaḍā and makzī, and analyzes the actions in terms of agency. Khalil Shukru Afandī did not use any subtitles in his risālah. However, in the analysis of the treatise, sub-headings have been included in the relevant places in order to make the subject easier to understand by us. The epistle tackles the issues qaḍā and qadar, God’s action and human acts, responses to the Jabriyya and Muètazilite. The author offers his views on the issues of hidāyat (guidance) and misguidance, justice, and cruelty, which is discussed under the heading of qadar and makes interesting points about human accountability for their actions. Khalil Shukru Afandī argues that human will (irādah) and accountability are separate things, which are independent of one another. In other words, according to Khalil Shukru Afandī, who stated that there will be no belief or disbelief because it is an offer, the offer has no binding on human will (irādah) or choices at this point. Accordingly, it can be said that Khalil Shukru Afandī was in close agreement with the views of Abū Mansur Māturīdī regarding human will (irādah). (shrink)

Religion, environment, tradition, needs, and character determine the framework of people's eating habits. In this context, a special area is reserved for nutrition in the Qur'an. One of the prominent words in the relevant field is “rizq,” referring to things that Allah gives to all creatures for their own benefit. Broadly, children, spouse, action, knowledge, and wisdom can also be evaluated in this context. This study aims to reach detailed data on the subject by examining the verses where the word (...) rizq is mentioned in Surah al-Baqara in terms of language and rhetoric. In every language, but especially in the Arabic language, the words that make up the sentences, the forms of the words, the syntax of the sentence, the forms of expression, and the style are important while determining the meaning. First, the comparison method was applied in the determination of the eloquence subtleties that were taken as a basis in the study. By this method, we compared verses, sentences, and words with other related verses and possible/fictional sentences in different linguistic dimensions; determined the differences between them, and tested the results by applying them to the relevant text. Considering every linguistic structure in the Qur'anic style and investigating its meaning is essential for understanding the Qur'an. In such a reading, the presence as well as the absence of language elements should be taken into consideration and used effectively in determining the meaning. The words used in the Qur'an are fundamental because their presence or absence, the structure of words that they are used together, and the whole text constitute an important and different aspect of the conveyed message. In this paper, ten verses where the word rizq is mentioned in Surah al-Baqara are examined within the framework of the study method. Their application provides examples to a certain extent for the understanding of the specified method. Various data has been obtained about the concept of rizq as reflected in general social life. As rizq, the foods must be healthy and tasty as well as halal in terms of their ingredients and acquisition. The desire for foods of human body may vary according to various factors. However, prohibitions on food are based on reasonable, scientific, or religious reasons. The moral and philosophical dimensions of the subject are always present in the background of these justifications. One of the duties assigned to human beings is to obtain rizq within the framework of the possibilities and capabilities given to them in the world and to distribute it, if any, to those they are responsible for, creatures, and other needy people. It is a requirement of faith to utilize the rizq by considering its raison for existence and to ensure that the way of acquisition is legal and ethical. Legitimate acquisition, sharing, and distribution of what is acquired is primarily related to the sense of conscience. Therefore, it is not in the nature of faith to interfere with what is given to animals, plants, and other people as rizq. From this point of view, infaq plays an important role in understanding the concept of rizq. The Qur'an strongly expresses the desire of man to be fair and generous in the sharing of rizq. (shrink)

This report summarises a study examining preservice elementary teachers? geometry content knowledge with a focus on parallelogram. It was a descriptive study examining 45 preservice teachers? reasoning in the process of determining which quadrilateral can be classified as a parallelogram. Findings have revealed that these elementary teachers do not possess sound understanding of parallelogram and class inclusion between parallelogram and trapezoid at the expected level.