Estudio bibliográfico / A bibliographical study of: Ernesto Grassi, Retorica come filosofia. La tradizione umanistica, trad. di Roberta Moroni, a. c. di Massimo Marassi, La Città del Sole, Napoli, 1999, pp. 198 . E.H. Gombrich, Imágenes Simbólicas. Estudios sobre el arte del Renacimiento, 2, versión castellana de Remigio Gómez Díaz, Editorial Debate, Madrid, 2000, pp. 244.

Esta mesa-redonda foi organizada a partir do encontro de seus autores em um simpósio sobre historiografia no 55º Congresso Internacional de Americanistas, que ocorreu em julho de 2015, em San Salvador. O simpósio em questão foi o de número 69, Historia de la historiografía latinoamericana: nuevas miradas y debates contemporáneos. Os trabalhos aqui apresentados pelo guatemalteco Jose Edgardo Cal Montoya, “La historia como profesión”: el aporte de Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar a la historiografía guatemalteca y centroamericana e o paraguaio Herib (...) Caballero Campos, Entre Clío y Astra: La Biblioteca Paraguaya del Centro de Estudiantes de Derecho, envolveram estudos historiográficos de temáticas nacionais específicas, respectivamente sobre a figura de um intelectual, e de uma instituição responsável pela divulgação de uma produção do conhecimento. Já os artigos de Coralia Gutiérrez Álvarez, Una introducción a la epistemología desde el sur: por una reflexión situada e Felix Raúl Martínez Cleves, La historiografía en movimiento. Una aproximación a las historias de ciudades en Colombia buscaram um outro viés na discussão historiográfica. Algo que diz respeito não somente a uma análise crítica, denominador comum a todos os quatro artigos, senão um diálogo com a teoria que implicou deslocar de uma zona de conforto a própria historiografia colombiana, para o caso dos estudos da história das cidades feito por Felix Martínez, e mais amplamente o conjunto das denominadas Ciências Sociais, como a discussão proposta por Coralia Gutiérrez. A mim coube analisar os quatro artigos, bem como buscar apontar possíveis diálogos entre os mesmos. Uma menor propensão de minha parte a debates teóricos, e uma maior facilidade a estudos com base mais histórica, como nos trabalhos de Jose Cal e Herib Caballero, se refletiram na maior extensão que dei no trato destes últimos; nada mais do que isso. E de antemão quero agradecer a Felix Martínez, cujos esclarecimentos possibilitaram divisar melhor uma ponte entre todos os trabalhos. (shrink)

Crisis requires society to renew itself, albeit in a disruptive way. The current Covid-19 pandemic is transforming ways of working, living, and relating to each other on a global level, suddenly and dramatically. This paper focuses on the field of education to show how higher education institutions are undergoing radical transformations driven by the need to digitalize education and training processes in record time with academics who lack innate technological capabilities for online teaching. The university system must strive to overcome (...) this situation to be competitive and provide high-quality education in a scenario of digital transformation, disruptive technological innovations, and accelerated change. To achieve these goals, this paper explains some barriers and challenges that universities encounter, as well as technological resources and methodologies they have used in the current scenario to transform higher education to face Covid-19 disruption. The discussion and conclusion synthesize significant insights that can be applied to the digitalization of education in the foreseeable future. (shrink)

Resumen El objetivo principal del artículo es terminar quién es el Dasein desde el aparecer del mundo en la obra de Martin Heidegger Ser y tiempo. Para ello, se plantea la posibilidad de aprehensión del horizonte del sí mismo del Dasein, en contra de los propios análisis heideggerianos sobre el uno, y, también, se muestra de qué manera la mismidad del Dasein se presupone ya en el modo de aparición del mundo-entorno a través del existenciario significatividad. La conclusión del artículo (...) intentará descubrir los posibles rendimientos fenomenológicos de la apertura del horizonte del sí-mismo del Dasein.The main goal of the paper is to determine who is the Dasein itself from the appearance of the world in the Book of Martin Heidegger Being and time. For this, it raises the possibility of understanding the horizon of the self of Dasein itself differently to Heidegger’s analysis about the they and also it shows how the Selfhood of Dasein is presupposed already in the appearance of the world-environment through the existential meaningfulness. The conclusion of this paper will try to discover the phenomenological yields of Dasein’s openness as horizon of its Selfhood. (shrink)

La theorie ockhamienne de la connaissance evidente porte sur certains aspects causaux qui ont lieu dans l'intellect et produisent l'assentiment a certaines propositions. Les propositions connues de facon evidente sont les propositions connues par les sens, celles dont la connaissance depend de la seule apprehension des concepts et, de facon indirecte, les conclusions des raisonnements. Dans tous ces cas, l'assentiment a la proposition est cause naturellement par l'apprehension des termes. Si le Venerabilis Inceptor suit une certaine tradition dans la reconnaissance (...) des traits communs a ces situations, l'assentiment immediat et universel, il en offre une explication qui lui est propre, par la causalite naturelle. Cette explication se deploie dans une theorie de la scientia. Par scientia, il faut entendre a la fois le savoir et la science. Il s'agit, d'une part, d'une theorie sur un discours organise en syllogismes, ayant une certaine dynamique cognitive et constitue par des qualites mentales singulieres et, d'autre part, d'une theorie de la rationalite, construite autour des processus causaux naturels. Ce livre presente ce complexe theorique ockhamien et ses rapports avec les theories de Robert Grosseteste, Alhazen, Jean Duns Scot et Jean Buridan. (shrink)

Hombres y, engranajes discute con pasion las ilusiones del Progreso, el fetichismo de la ciencia y, de la maquina, la sobrevaloracion de lo puramente mental y el desprecio de las emociones, los sentimientos, mitos y suenos que vienen del inconsciente. A esta cosificacion y alienacion del mundo Sabato le opone las esperanzas y frustraciones del hombre concreto, la legitimidad del arte, la literatura y el pensamiento poetico como camino de recuperacion humanista. Y para ello Sabato apela a los grandes pensadores (...) existencialistas, desde San Agustin y, Pascal, Dostoievski, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, hasta Berdiaiev, Buber y Jaspers.Atacado en el momento de su aparicion por positivistas y cientificistas, y por los partidarios de autoritarismos de derecha e izquierda, Hombres Y engranajes puede ser leido hoy, con la distancia y la decantacion que permiten los treinta anos transcurridos desde su publicacion inicial en 1951, como una pieza de verdadera y apasionante reflexion literaria. (shrink)

We present a visual world eye-tracking study on Tseltal (a Mayan language) and investigate whether verbal information can be used to anticipate an upcoming referent. Basic word order in transitive sentences in Tseltal is Verb–Object–Subject (VOS). The verb is usually encountered first, making argument structure and syntactic information available at the outset, which should facilitate anticipation of the post-verbal arguments. Tseltal speakers listened to verb-initial sentences with either an object-predictive verb (e.g., “eat”) or a general verb (e.g., “look for”) (e.g., (...) “Ya slo’/sle ta stukel on te kereme,” Is eating/is looking (for) by himself the avocado the boy/ “The boy is eating/is looking (for) an avocado by himself”) while seeing a visual display showing one potential referent (e.g., avocado) and three distractors (e.g., bag, toy car, coffee grinder). We manipulated verb type (predictive vs. general) and recorded participants' eye movements while they listened and inspected the visual scene. Participants’ fixations to the target referent were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models. Shortly after hearing the predictive verb, participants fixated the target object before it was mentioned. In contrast, when the verb was general, fixations to the target only started to increase once the object was heard. Our results suggest that Tseltal hearers pre-activate semantic features of the grammatical object prior to its linguistic expression. This provides evidence from a verb-initial language for online incremental semantic interpretation and anticipatory processing during language comprehension. These processes are comparable to the ones identified in subject-initial languages, which is consistent with the notion that different languages follow similar universal processing principles. (shrink)

Los últimos avances de la ciencia invitan a pensar en la posibilidad práctica del transhumanismo. Pero quizá es pertinente estudiar una pregunta a la que todavía ni la ciencia ni la filosofía han sabido dar respuesta. En concreto, la naturaleza de la consciencia fenoménica de Ned Block o del concepto de vigilancia de Stanislas Dehaene. Pese a los últimos avances en neurociencia y en inteligencia artificial, seguimos sin pistas para responder a la pregunta del problema fuerte de la consciencia de (...) David Chalmers, del como y por qué estamos aquí. Somos capaces de discriminar de que información somos conscientes, pero no hemos conseguido averiguar por qué somos conscientes o como se genera esa consciencia. El problema es mas grave de lo que parece, ya que no somos capaces de medir, definir ni replicar la consciencia fenoménica. Sin medición, si el objeto de estudio es subjetivo y cualitativo, no se puede aplicar el método científico. Luego, pese a que podríamos replicar la información de nuestro cerebro en un artefacto mecánico, nada garantiza que nuestra consciencia fenoménica se replique ahí, ya que no podemos medir la consciencia fenoménica. Este artefacto hecho a imitación nuestra podría no ser mas que un zombie filosófico, en palabras de David Chalmers, un ser sin consciencia fenoménica, un ser sin alma. Ante esta realidad, cabe preguntarnos: ¿es seguro explorar la alternativa de trascender en un sistema independiente de nuestro cerebro biológico, como un ordenador, sino tenemos ninguna herramienta para medir si ese sistema puede ser consciente de si mismo o producir consciencia fenoménica como un epifenómeno? Si la respuesta, como se defiende en este trabajo, es negativa, una alternativa mas segura para el transhumanismo es explorar la ingeniería genética, los implantes artificiales o embeber el cerebro en sistemas artificiales. (shrink)

A discussion of the principle of the “child’s best interest” in legal adjudication is the topic of this essay. My main claim is twofold: first, that a non-trivial use of the principle implies adjudication of pre-existing rights, and secondly, that the application of the principle implies a duty of identification of the norm that contains the adjudicated right.Resumen:El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el papel que desempeña el principio del “interés superior del niño”, contenido en la Convención Internacional de Derechos del (...) Niño, en el razonamiento jurídico justificatorio. Dos ideas fundamentales son defendidas en él. Por un lado, que un uso no trivial del principio de interés superior significa adjudicación de derechos preexistentes, lo que implica ubicarse en un contexto de aplicación, es decir, con uso de los criterios dogmáticos y precedenciales pertinentes. Por otro lado, que la aplicación del principio y su utilización como premisa de justificación, supone identificar el tipo de norma en que se contiene el derecho adjudicado, lo cual proyecta requerimientos específicos en la explicitación del argumento justificatorio. (shrink)

This article attempts to analyze the deconstruction of the linear organization of legal systems into a plurality of organized networks conform a circular systemic organization. As we know, the process of systematization runs parallel to the evolution of the modern State and, in this sense, the structure constitutes a single and well defined corps. However, at present, the emergence of multiple legal networks has been seen to turn Law into a structure that translates into a plethora of information that is (...) hard to nuance. Finally, with respect to the emergence of reflexive law, such reflexivity is feasible only when the processes of democratization create discursive structures in social subsystems, so the main problem is to deal with is their identity within a dynamic process of inter-legalities. (shrink)

El coraje de la ternura es una aproximación a la obra poética de Julia Valiente que, partiendo de dos poemas de su primer libro, hasta llegar a su producción actual aún inédita, pretende dar cuenta de cómo ha construido una voz propia desde la honestidad de una mirada cuya desnudez nos muestra quienes somos.

The article analyses the trascendental aesthetics and the analogies of experience in the Critique of Pure Reason. Against the kantian assertion about time as a mere form of pure intuition, the analysis endeavours to show: first, up to which extent real, cosmic time o time proper, even when it cannot be apprehended in itself, must be presupposed as determining the general characteristics of the temporality inhering in the objective relations among phenomena; and second: up to which extent does that temporality (...) imply a covert phenomenology of the immanent conciential temporality.Se analiza la estética trascendental y las analogías de la experiencia en la Crítica de la razón pura. Contra la afirmación kantiana del tiempo como mera forma de la intuición pura, el análisis procura mostrar: 1) en qué medida el tiempo real, cósmico o tiempo propiamente dicho, aun cuando no pueda ser asido en sí mismo, debe suponerse como determinante de las características generales de la temporalidad propia de las relaciones objetivas entre los fenómenos; y, 2) en qué medida esta temporalidad implica a su vez una fenomenología encubierta de la temporalidad conciencial inmanente. (shrink)

El artículo ubica el origen del primer romanticismo alemán en el contexto receptivo de la crítica kantiana. Se centra para ello en tres de los debates suscitados por la filosofía trascendental: la posibilidad de un principio primero del conocimiento, el vínculo que une filosofía teórica y filosofía práctica y la relación entre belleza y moral. Este planteamiento permite mostrar la formación de la estética romántica como una teoría crítica que se enfrenta a su fundamentación, su procedimiento y su finalidad. De (...) este modo queda patente la aportación del Romanticismo a las futuras teoría y la crítica literarias. (shrink)

This paper seeks to perform a phenomenological analysis on the second chapter of section II of Being and Time, where one can find a thematic and explicit elucidation about such phenomena as the call, conscience, wanting-to-have-a-conscience and being-guilty. The main aim of this paper is to clarify the structural and methodic necessity of the Dasein’s notion of Selfhood.

Common objects comprise living and non-living things people interact with in their daily-lives. Images depicting common objects are extensively used in different fields of research and intervention, such as linguistics, psychology, and education. Nevertheless, their adequate use requires the consideration of several factors, and careful validation procedures. The current study presents a systematic review of the available published norms for images of common objects. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines indicated that despite their extensive use, the production of norms for (...) such stimuli with adult populations is quite limited, particularly for more ecological images, such as photos. Among the several dimensions in which the items were assessed, the most commonly referred in our sample were familiarity, visual complexity and name agreement, illustrating some consistency across the reported dimensions while also indicating the limited examination of other potentially relevant dimensions for image processing. The lack of normative studies simultaneously examining affective, perceptive and semantic dimensions was also documented. The number of such normative studies has been increasing in the last years and published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Moreover, their datasets and norms have been complying with current open science practices. Nevertheless, they are still scarcely cited and replicated in different linguistic and cultural contexts. The current study brings important theoretical contributions by characterizing images of common objects stimuli and their culturally-based norms while highlighting several important features that are likely to be relevant for future stimuli selection and evaluative procedures. The systematic scrutiny of these normative studies is likely to stimulate the production of new, robust and contextually-relevant normative datasets and to provide tools for enhancing the quality of future research and intervention. (shrink)

The pandemic motivated nutrition and healthy living to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The objective is to analyze and describe the perspectives of post-pandemic lifestyles of university students, using the quantitative cross-sectional method with non-probabilistic sampling and survey that measures the nutritional level and level of physical activities, 1033 university students participated. The results showed that the measurement instrument in the Peruvian context is acceptable and that the level of lifestyle is moderate. In conclusion, nutritional policies and physical activities should be (...) considered in universities so that university students practice a healthy lifestyle and take care of their health. (shrink)

El artículo muestra la influencia de los estudios homéricos de Friedrich August Wolf en la recepción romántica de Grecia y la literatura clásica. La formación filológica de los primeros autores románticos fundamenta el estrecho vínculo entre la Ciencia de la Antigüedad (Altertumswissenschaft) y la crítica literaria en el grupo de Jena. Gracias sobre todo a los estudios clásicos de Friedrich Schlegel, este vínculo resultará en una nueva concepción hermenéutica.

En este artículo pretendo desmantelar la opinión generalizada según la cual una interpretación relacional del espaciotiempo no es posible. Centro mi atención en el hecho de que las variables dinámicas usualmente están asociadas a objetos materiales en las teorías físicas. El tensor métrico de la Teoría General de la Relatividad (TGR) es un objeto dinámico así que —sostengo— este debe ser mejor entendido como un campo material en toda regla. Este argumento me lleva a vincular la naturaleza relacional del espaciotiempo (...) a las dificultades para formular una genuina ley de conservación de energía-momento en la TGR.I will try to dismantle the widespread impression that a relational account of spacetime is not possible. I concentrate on the fact that dynamical variables are usually linked to material objects in physical theories. The metric tensor field of GR is a dynamical object so, I claim, it should be viewed as a matter field. The argument links the relational ontological status of spacetime to the failure to provide a genuine law of energy-momentum conservation within General Relativity. (shrink)

El presente trabajo trata de reconstruir la evolución diacrónica del análisis gramsciano de la Reforma y el Renacimiento tal y como este se entrecruza con una doble problemática: la revalorización de las abstracciones en la filosofía de la praxis y la constitución fallida de un Estado-nación moderno en la Italia del Siglo XVI. En la segunda parte, analizamos los aspectos lingüísticos del problema, centrándonos en el Proemio de Graziadio I. Ascoli, una fuente hasta hoy no estudiada de la cuestión de (...) la Reforma. A partir de ahí, ensayamos una lectura diacrónica en la que el abordaje gramsciano del "problema de la lengua" evoluciona de forma paralela a la revalorización de las abstracciones antes descrita. (shrink)

La creacián dei "espíritu civico'', uno de los propósitos centrales de las Sociedades de Mejoras Públicas, implicá un amplio proceso de educacián masiva, el primero y uno de los más importantes que haya conocido el siglo XX. Así, en poco menos de medio siglo, tanto el paisaje urbano como sus habitantes, prácticas y costumbres cambiaron como no lo hicieron durante casi un sigla de vida republicana. Se tratá, nada más y nada menos, que de formar el nuevo ciudadano, de enseiíar (...) a habitar la ciudad, a hacer uso de sus nuevos espacios, aparatos y máquinas, en fin, de crear en los sectores populares, nuevos hábitos, actitudes y preferencias. (shrink)

Ernesto Laclau has blazed a unique trail in political theory and philosophy since the early 1970s. In so doing, he has articulated a range of philosophical and theoretical currents into a coherent alternative to mainstream models and practices of conducting social and political science.

This chapter contains sections titled: Ortega's Thought and the Spanish Philosophical Emigration to Latin America Ortega's Influence in Latin America References Further Reading.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de revisión expone cómo las prácticas de gestión en la anestesiología deben ser modificadas para encarar las cambiantes necesidades de pacientes, otros profesionales y sistemas sanitarios, a fin de mantener una función significativa en la atención sanitaria. Los servicios de anestesia han adoptado una amplia variedad de modelos para hacer frente a las necesidades del medio local, la relación entre los anestesiólogos y la comunidad, y los papeles desempeñados por los anestesiólogos en el tratamiento perioperatorio. El (...) sistema sanitario cubano se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de permanente adecuación de sus servicios a los problemas, demandas y necesidades de la población cubana y sus determinantes. Por ello, objetivo es exponer consideraciones teóricas en función del perfeccionamiento del servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. ABSTRACT This review paper presents how anesthesiology management practices must be modified in order to deal with the changing needs patients, other professionals and health systems have, in order to maintain a significant function in health care. Anesthesiology services have adopted a wide variety of models to face up to the needs the city, the relationship between anesthesiologists and the community and the role anesthesiologists play in perioperative treatment have. The Cuban health system services are in a process of permanent adaptation to the problems, demands and needs the Cuban population and its determinants have. For that reason, this paper aims at presenting theoretical considerations towards the improvement of the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation service. (shrink)

El artículo reconstruye las nociones de origen y estructura en el pensamiento de H. Rombach y analiza la significación ontológica y el riesgo antropológico del fenómeno del origen. Primeramente, el análisis indica por qué el origen significa el modo ontológico-trascendental primordial de génesis del ser y resulta irreductible a y presupuesto por las nociones de "fundamento", "causa eficiente" o "inicio". Luego elucida la significación estético-ontológica propia del modo de originar del origen. Finalmente explicita el intento de la voluntad humana de (...) querer convertir el origen en su producto como el riesgo principal que afrontan los procesos de génesis por origen. (shrink)

v. 1. Globalización y derecho, justicia y profesión jurídica -- v. 2. Regulación, cultura jurídica, multiculturalismo, pluralismo jurídico y derechos humanos.

The traditional way of understanding life, as a self-appropriating and self-organizing process of not ceasing to exist, of taking care of one's own hunger, is challenged by today's unprecedented proliferation of discourses and techniques concerning the living being. This challenge entails questioning the fundamental concepts of metaphysical thinking--namely, time, finality, and, above all, being. Garrido argues that today we are in a position to repeat Nietzsche's assertion that there is no other representation of "being" than that of "living." But (...) in order to carry out this deconstruction of ontology, we need to find new ways of asking: What is life? In this study, Garrido establishes the basic elements of the question concerning life through readings of Aristotle, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Derrida; through the discussion of scientific breakthroughs in thermodynamics and evolutionary and developmental biology; and through the reexamination of the notion of hunger in both its metaphysical and its political implications. (shrink)

"Artists are trying to move away from the influence of competitive corporate culture that has increasingly defined art as an abrasive urban career. Artists are trying to replace this with the humbler notion of art as a practice, as a mindful way of life, consisting of consciously creative gestures, visible and invisible, large and small. Art practice is a private and public, selfless and generous, creative life process resulting in a conscious cultural product." "Walking Art Practice" brings together the author's (...) experiences as a monk, performance artist, social choreographer and educator. It serves as a provocation, walkers' manifesto, and teaching guide for walking as a mindful cultural activity and as mindful cultural activism. It is an inspirational text for artists, art students and anyone who loves to walk. Ernesto Pujol combines elements from an art book, field journal and walkers' manifesto. It is a text for performative artists, art students, and all who walk as cultural activism. This book is an invitation to: Rethink what it means to walk and explore different ways in which to walk as: a cultural practice; a meditative practice; a radical practice; art; healing; and social engagement; Reconsider how to attend to the inner and outer landscape whilst walking; Treat walking as a performance resource; Walk as an everyday pilgrimage; Walk slowly, walk in and with awareness, walk with and without skill, walk to regain and to lose. [Subject: Performance Art, Walking, Meditation]. (shrink)

Praise for First Edition: `This book is highly recommended to a wide range of people as a clear and systematic introduction to phenomenological psychology... the book has set the stage for possible new colloquia between the phenomenological and other approaches in psychology' - Changes `As a trainee interested in matters existential, I have been put off in the past by the long-winded and confusing texts usually available in academic libraries. Thankfully, here is a text that remedies that situation... [it] provides (...) a readable and insightful account' - Clinical Psychology Forum 'Spinelli’s classic introduction to phenomenology should be essential reading on all person-centred, existential and humanistic trainings, and any other counselling or psychotherapy course which aims to help students develop an in-depth understanding of human lived-experience. This book is sure to remain a key text for many years to come' - Mick Cooper, Senior Lecturer in Counselling, University of Strathclyde 'This is by far the most monumental, erudite, comprehensive, authoritative case that Existentialism and Phenomenology (a) have a rightful place in the academy; (b) are tough-minded bodies of thought; (c) have rigorous scientific foundations; (d) bequeath a distinctive school of psychotherapy and counselling; and (e) are just as good as the more established systems of psychology' - Alvin R. Mahrer, Ph.D. University of Ottawa, Canada, Author of The Complete Guide To Experiential Psychotherapy 'This book’s rich insight into the lacunae of modern psychological thinking illustrates the contribution that existential phenomenology can make to founding a coherently mature Psychology that is both fully human(e) and responsibly ‘scientific’ in the best sense of that term' - Richard House, Ph.D., Magdalen Medical Practice, Norwich; Steiner Waldorf teacher. The Interpreted World, Second Edition, is a welcome introduction to phenomenological psychology, an area of psychology which has its roots in notoriously difficult philosophical literature. Writing in a highly accessible, jargon-free style, Ernesto Spinelli traces the philosophical origins of phenomenological theory and presents phenomenological perspectives on central topics in psychology - perception, social cognition and the self. He compares the phenomenological approach with other major contemporary psychological approaches, pointing up areas of divergence and convergence with these systems. He also examines implications of phenomenology for the precepts and process of psychotherapy. For the Second Edition, a new chapter on phenomenological research has been added in which the author focuses on the contribution of phenomenology in relation to contemporary scientific enquiry. He describes the methodology used in phenomenological research and illustrates the approach through an actual research study. The Interpreted World, Second Edition demystifies an exciting branch of psychology, making its insights available to all students of psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. (shrink)