Simon Cushing conducted the following interview with Eric Olson on 1 July 2016.

This article argues that studies of late-development should be altered in two respects: the unit of analysis should increasingly be the subnational economy, and an understanding of economic outcomes should be sector specific. Variation in the developmental outcomes of particular sectors can be best understood by analyzing the fit between local institutions and firms within a particular sector. The specific development needs of firms vary across sectors, and the institutional structures required to meet firm-level needs are local more often than (...) national. The importance of regional and sectoral variation is demonstrated by comparing Beijing and Shanghai in two sectors. (shrink)

There is an increasing awareness of the importance of food security, of which the UN’s Millennium Development Goals are the best measure. Although some progress has been made in some regions, much progress still needs to be made in Sub-Saharan Africa, where agriculture largely remains subsistence and personal savings extremely low, and where population growth outstrips economic growth.Thus, there has been a renewed effort to bring these problems back on the development agenda. Food insecurity is a major manifestation of poverty, (...) and hence agricultural development is the most effective way out of rural poverty.The ethical imperative is to bring about the political will to effect such development. Institutions must be built that focus on smallholder development as an engine of economic growth. Along with classic issues of development , the rural poor, who respond well to market-based development and are thus good micro-credit risks, must be given access to markets and finances.The drive to bring the rural poor into the market is frustrated, however, by the subsidies that the Northern nations use to prop up their own markets and farmers. One of the most pressing ethical questions, then, remains how the North can continue to support its subsidy system, while, at the same time, contributing to development work. (shrink)

The notion of digital virus covers, in our view, two points: computer viruses that infect our computers and technological solutionism, the unreasonable passion that consists in considering that the solution to all social problems lies in the digital world. Yet the digital world is as vulnerable as the biological world. Moreover, it is dangerous because it pushes us into a digital bondage that undermines democracy. The solution to the crisis is not less democracy, but more democracy. More precisely, we will (...) argue that digital devices do not strengthen democratic communication, they promote a digital connection that hinders deliberation and threatens the very idea of democracy. (shrink)

Statt von einem Guattari-Effekt auf Deleuze muss man von einem Guattari-Deleuze-Effekt sprechen, um ein wechselseitiges Einwirken in einem gemeinsamen Projekt zu beschreiben, das mit dem Herausgehen aus der klassischen Psychoanalyse beginnt und in den Umbau der Philosophie in der Öffnung auf ihr Außen mündet. Dieser Umbau lässt das Paradigma der Interpretation ebenso hinter sich wie jenes der Struktur. In der Kritik an Lacan vollziehen Deleuze und Guattari die Abkehr vom Postulat des Primats der Sprache als Struktur und eines durch sie (...) immer schon konstituierten und vom Realen ebenso wie von kollektiven Individuationsprozessen abgeschnittenen Subjekts. Die heterogenen Ausdrucksmaterien Hjelmslevs, die das Aufbrechen der Opposition von Sprachzeichen und Materie ermöglichen sowie die Konzepte der Wunschmaschine und mehr noch des Gefüges eröffnen den Weg hin zu einem Politisch-Werden der Philosophie als Wiederaneignung der Produktionsmittel kollektiver Subjektivität. In order to understand the collaborators' mutual impact in a joint project that began with Deleuze and Guattari's transgression of classical psychoanalysis and advanced to their complete remodeling of philosophy, the notion of a »Guattari-Deleuze-effect« is more adequate than the presumption an unilateral »Guattari-effect« upon Deleuze. Furthermore, Deleuze's and Guattari's concerted efforts leave the paradigms of »interpretation« and »structure« behind; in their critique of Lacan, Deleuze and Guattari turn away from the primate of language as structure and the postulate of an always already constituted subject that is cut off both from the real and from collective processes of individuation. Finally, the concept of a heterogeneous »matter of expression,« which, borrowed from Hjelmslev, allows opening up the opposition between linguistic sign and matter, as well as the concepts of »desiring-machine« and »assemblage«, clear the way towards a becoming-political of philosophy, understood as reappropriation of collective subjectivity's means of production. (shrink)

Leviathan-Toth, Ernesto Neto’s anti/counter-installation which could be seen hanging from the vaults of the Panthéon in autumn 2006 does not seek to exploit this national memorial as a space in which to stand as an exhibition. It responds to all of its surrounding factors – physical, aesthetic, political, and metaphysical, to attack the representative art whose constitutive-constitutional role in the republic, according to Hobbes, can be seen in Leviathan’s frontispiece. Setting up a sort of Critique et Clinique of Representation in (...) all senses of the term beginning with the short-circuit between politics and aesthetics, Neto’s operation sets its sights on the expansive dis-organisation of the multitude living under the « democratic » regime of contractual representation of which the Panthéon is the temple. It provides a body for the rhizomatic-bioenergetic perversion of the Image of the State-Machine, of the Form-State, by projecting a new infra and supra-organic type of reality which draws its « energy » from the forces of the multitudo dissoluta whose radical and vital recomposition it advocates. This work or non-work, derived from a Brazilian political-aesthetic constructivism which is undergoing redefinition, can now only take place in the context of a practice of displacement which incorporates and is constituted of the spectator-participant. (shrink)

Comment redonner vie à ces deux notions, dont la désuétude fait penser à Baudelaire : Vois se pencher les défuntes années, Sur les balcons du ciel, en robes surannées, mais qui de ce fait méritent quelque égard, tant elles occupèrent les philosophes du passé? Faut-il choisir entre le dualiste, qui s’écrit "j’ai un corps" et affirme la séparabilité de l’âme et du corps, et le moniste qui dit leur inséparabilité, et s’écrit : "je suis mon corps"? Nous proposerons qu’entre le (...) dualisme et le monisme il soit urgent de ne pas choisir, et que le corps se situe à la limite de l’être et de l’avoir, limite toujours mouvante, tant il est vrai qu’il est des moments du jour où il nous semble que nous avons un corps, et d’autres où il nous semble que nous sommes notre corps. Car le corps en bonne santé, oubliable et silencieux, n’est pas le corps souffrant, inoubliable et auquel on est comme assigné. Car le corps regardé n’est pas le même que celui qui ne l’est pas. De sorte qu’il ne faudrait pas prendre ce qui phénoménologiquement apparaît pour des réalités ontologiques! Inspiré par les traditions aristotélicienne et chrétienne, cet essai se voudrait une contribution à une anthropologie résolument philosophique, et au fond une méditation sur la pensée de Pascal selon laquelle "l’homme n’est ni ange ni bête", ayant entre angélisme et bestialité "ses allées et venues"... (shrink)

L’utilisation de techniques prédictives dans le processus de la justice, avec le développement des techniques de fouille et d’analyse des données, est considérée non seulement comme une évolution nécessaire mais encore plus comme une révolution de nature à optimiser et à rationaliser la gestion du justiciable. Cet article se propose d’exposer en quoi cette évolution est porteuse de risques, quels sont les enjeux, certains importants et surtout pourquoi il est illusoire d’espérer quelque chose de positif pour les procédures judiciaires.

The singular message in Global Health Law is that we must strive to achieve global health with justice—improved population health, with a fairer distribution of benefits of good health. Global health entails ensuring the conditions of good health—public health, universal health coverage, and the social determinants of health—while justice requires closing today’s vast domestic and global health inequities. These conditions for good health should be incorporated into public policy, supplemented by specific actions to overcome barriers to equity. A new global (...) health treaty grounded in the right to health and aimed at health equity—a Framework Convention on Global Health —stands out for its possibilities in helping to achieve global health with justice. This far-reaching legal instrument would establish minimum standards for universal health coverage and public health measures, with an accompanying national and international financing framework, require a constant focus on health equity, promote Health in All Policies and global governance for health, and advance the principles of good governance, including accountability. While achieving an FCGH is certainly ambitious, it is a struggle worth the efforts of us all. The treaty’s basis in the right to health, which has been agreed to by all governments, has powerful potential to form the foundation of global governance for health. From interpretations of UN treaty bodies to judgments of national courts, the right to health is now sufficiently articulated to serve this role, with the individual’s right to health best understood as a function of a social, political, and economic environment aimed at equity. However great the political challenge of securing state agreement to the FCGH, it is possible. States have joined other treaties with significant resource requirements and limitations on their sovereignty without significant reciprocal benefits from other states, while important state interests would benefit from the FCGH. And from integrating the FCGH into the existing human rights system to creative forms of compliance and enforcement and strengthened domestic legal and political accountability mechanisms, the treaty stands to improve right to health compliance. The potential for the FCGH to bring the right to health nearer universal reality calls for us to embark on the journey towards securing this global treaty. (shrink)

The objective of the present study was to map amateur athletes’ positions on forgiving an aggressor in sport under various circumstances. One hundred and twenty-eight participants judged forgiveness in 32 scenarios built from combinations of five factors (moral disengagement, intention, consequence, apology, and incentive). Following a cluster analysis, ANOVAs, and chi-squared tests, a three-cluster solution was found: “Mainly Forgive, with Non-Additive Integration,” “Seldom Forgive, with Additive Integration,” and “Moderately Forgive, with Additive Integration.” The clusters’ composition was related to the members’ (...) sex and type of sport. Cluster 1 contained 19% of the women and 32% of the athletes from collision sports. Cluster 2 contained 72% of the men, 53% of the athletes from non-contact sports, and 43% of the athletes from contact sports. Cluster 3 contained 54% of the women, and 58% of the athletes from collision sports. (shrink)

This paper examines Larry A. Hickman’s warnings about the dangers of algorithmic technologies for democracy and then considers educational policy initiatives that are important for combatting such threats over the long term. John Dewey’s philosophy is considered both in Hickman’s work and in this paper’s review of what Dewey called the “Supreme Intellectual Obligation.” Dewey’s insights highlight crucial tasks necessary and called for with respect to education to value and appreciate the sciences and what they can do to serve humanity. (...) At the same time, a significant cultural effort is needed to ensure that schools are empowered to do this vital work and that the public is informed and enabled to demand the leadership and initiatives that democracy needs to safeguard against threats to it. (shrink)

In this essay I discuss reciprocity as it unfolds within the context of a Confucian relational ethic. I discuss the relationship between reciprocity and the virtue of shu or 'sympathetic understanding' and then go on to argue that the goods that grow out of reciprocal relationships are necessary for Confucian ethics. These include social equilibrium, a rich sense of self-esteem, and reliable expectations concerning the actions of others. Finally, I discuss the difficulties of acting reciprocally in socially disproportional relationships and (...) in those that involve the manifestation of ill will. It is suggested that Confucian ethics provides a viable account of reciprocity that remains relevant for those living in modern contexts. " The rules of ritual propriety value reciprocity, If I give a gift and nothing is returned, that is contrary to propriety; If the thing comes to me, and I give nothing in return, that is also contrary to propriety. ". (shrink)

In this essay I discuss how the relational ethic characteristic of Classical Confucianism articulates an ethic of gift exchange. I first discuss the tradition that Confucius appropriated and show that the gift was utilized to form, maintain, and symbolize social relationships in Shang, Zhou, and Warring States China. I then go on to discuss the implications of this view by addressing two difficulties of gift exchange that are often discussed in the literature: the use of gifts to indebt or control (...) others and the inability of the gift to fully express one’s sentiments. This essay not only shows that Confucian ethics has much to say on the matter but also demonstrates that ritual action is still relevant in modern contexts. (shrink)

In this essay, I review the writings of three philosophers whose work converges on the insight that we must attend to and reconstruct culture for the sake of justice. John Rawls, John Dewey, and Richard Rorty help show some of the ways in which culture can enable or undermine the pursuit of justice. They also offer resources for identifying tools for addressing the cultural challenges impeding justice. I reveal insights and challenges in Rawls’s philosophy as well as tools and solutions (...) for building on and addressing them in Dewey’s and Rorty’s philosophy. (shrink)

This book reconsiders the Aristotelian analogy. Focusing primarily on Aristotle’s Physics Alpha, a structure of analogy emerges within Aristotle’s discussion of the principles of “becoming.” Eric Schumacher argues that logos, the first of these principles, is rooted in analogy and entails a type of mobility fit to reflect the be-coming of nature.

L’article s’interroge sur la notion d’autorité et plus précisément sur les paradoxes constitutifs de l’autorité. Il commence par décrire le contexte actuel de « la crise de l’autorité » pour mettre en évidence la tension fondamentale entre autorité et liberté. Il analyse ensuite cette tension, d’abord en proposant une traversée de la notion d’autorité chez H.G. Gadamer et M. Horkheimer, puis en envisageant ses implications éthiques (l’autonomie décentrée). Il propose enfin une réflexion sur ce qui légitime en dernière instance l’autorité (...) en y distinguant trois paradoxes constitutifs : la confiance originaire, la transmission vécue, la finalité ouverte. (shrink)

Snedegar offers a contrastivist solution to the puzzle about negative reason existentials, which he argues is preferable to Schroeder's own pragmatic solution. The proposed solution however raises a difficulty for contrastivism, as it suggests an alternative according to which the relevant contrast classes are determined not by the semantics of reason ascriptions but rather by pragmatic effects of contrastive stress. Nevertheless, I suggest there is a contrastivist-friendly solution to the puzzle. In what follows, I explain the problem for Snedegar's account, (...) and I offer an alternative solution to the problem of negative reason existentials. I argue that the solution is well-motivated by a feature of Snedegar's own account, and that it is also compatible with Schroeder's pragmatic account. (shrink)

L'histoire de la reconnaissance de la culture gazière au sein des grandes entreprises pétrolières éclaire la façon dont se construit une innovation en matière de culture d'entreprise et de communication. Jusqu'aux années 1950, le gaz apparaît encore comme marginal dans les préoccupations stratégiques et l'organisation des futures composantes de Total. Il faut attendre les années 1960 et 1970 pour que le gaz s'impose au coeur des préoccupations des grandes entreprises pétrolières. C'est de cette époque que datent les premières directions du (...) gaz. Du fait de la complexité et de la faible rentabilité à court terme des projets gaziers, les premiers membres des directions du gaz ont dû développer des stratégies de communication et de construction de réseaux d'alliances au sein de l'état-major de leur entreprise. Recrutés avec une expérience significative, ils ont construit et diffusé une culture innovante au fur et à mesure de leur carrière. Toutefois, ils ont été régulièrement confrontés à une question récurrente: à quoi rattacher cette nouvelle activité?The history of the recognition of culture gas in large oil companies sheds light on how to build an innovation in corporate culture and communication. Until the 1950s, the gas still appears to be marginal in the strategic concerns and the organization of future elements of Total. It was not until the 1960s and 1970s that the gas is required in the heart of the concerns of major oil companies. It is in this period that the first directions of gas. Due to the complexity and low profitability in the short term gas projects, the first members of the directions of gas had to develop communication strategies and building networks of alliances within the staff of their business . Recruited with significant experience, they built and distributed an innovative culture in As their careers. However, they were regularly confronted with a recurring question: what link this new activity? (shrink)

Protecting the public's health has always been an inherently political endeavor. The field of public health, however, is conspicuously and persistently absent from sustained, sophisticated engagement in political processes, particularly elections, that determine policy outcomes. This results, in large part, from widespread misunderstanding of rules governing how, and how much, public advocates working in tax-exempt organizations can participate in public policy development.This article briefly summarizes the rules governing public policy engagement by exempt organizations. It then describes different types of exempt (...) organizations, and how they can work together to expand engagement. Next, it identifies several key mechanisms of policy development that public health advocates could influence. Finally, it suggests some methods of applying the tax rules to increase participation in these arenas. (shrink)