By assuming a deterministic evolution of quantum systems and taking realism into account, we carefully build a hidden variable theory for Quantum Mechanics based on the notion of ontological states proposed by ’t Hooft. We view these ontological states as the ones embedded with realism and compare them to the quantum states that represent superpositions, viewing the latter as mere information of the system they describe. Such a deterministic model puts forward conditions for the applicability of Bell’s inequality: the usual (...) inequality cannot be applied to the usual experiments. We build a Bell-like inequality that can be applied to the EPR scenario and show that this inequality is always satisfied by QM. In this way we show that QM can indeed have a local interpretation, and thus meet with the causal structure imposed by the Theory of Special Relativity in a satisfying way. (shrink)

In this paper we discuss the extent to which the very existence of substructural logics puts the Tarskian conception of logical systems in jeopardy. In order to do this, we highlight the importance of the presence of different levels of entailment in a given logic, looking not only at inferences between collections of formulae but also at inferences between collections of inferences—and more. We discuss appropriate refinements or modifications of the usual Tarskian identity criterion for logical systems, and propose an (...) alternative of our own. After that, we consider a number of objections to our account and evaluate a substantially different approach to the same problem. (shrink)

A theory of magnitudes involves criteria for their equivalence, comparison and addition. In this article we examine these aspects from an abstract viewpoint, by focusing on the so-called De Zolt’s postulate in the theory of equivalence of plane polygons (“If a polygon is divided into polygonal parts in any given way, then the union of all but one of these parts is not equivalent to the given polygon”). We formulate an abstract version of this postulate and derive it from some (...) selected principles for magnitudes. We also formulate and derive an abstract version of Euclid’s Common Notion 5 (“The whole is greater than the part”), and analyze its logical relation to the former proposition. These results prove to be relevant for the clarification of some key conceptual aspects of Hilbert’s proof of De Zolt’s postulate, in his classicalFoundations of Geometry(1899). Furthermore, our abstract treatment of this central proposition provides interesting insights for the development of a well-behaved theory ofcompatiblemagnitudes. (shrink)

The paper surveys different notions of implicit definition. In particular, we offer an examination of a kind of definition commonly used in formal axiomatics, which in general terms is understood as providing a definition of the primitive terminology of an axiomatic theory. We argue that such “structural definitions” can be semantically understood in two different ways, namely as specifications of the meaning of the primitive terms of a theory and as definitions of higher-order mathematical concepts or structures. We analyze these (...) two conceptions of structural definition both in the history of modern axiomatics and in contemporary philosophical debates. Based on that, we give a systematic assessment of the underlying semantics of these two ways of understanding the definiens of such definitions, by considering alternative model-theoretic and inferential accounts of meaning. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste artigo, propõe-se uma confrontação entre a teoria dos signos de Gotthold E. Lessing, tal como exposta em Laocoonte ou sobre as fronteiras da pintura e da poesia, e os dois ensaios de Theodor W. Adorno sobre as relações entre música e pintura. Pretende-se, com isso, demonstrar a presença decisiva de elementos da estética clássica alemã no pensamento adorniano do pós-guerra; em particular, observa-se o modo pelo qual a teoria racionalista de Lessing atua na abordagem dialética adorniana a respeito (...) da irredutibilidade formal dos meios artísticos e das possibilidades de sua convergência. À luz de tal confrontação, discutem-se, em um segundo momento do artigo, os temas da conferência de Adorno de 1966, A arte e as artes, que, em certa medida, consubstancia a discussão dos ensaios anteriores sobre música e pintura. Assinala-se, nesse contexto, a continuidade da posição teórica de Adorno e se apresentam as diferenças entre o processo de pseudomorfose e o de imbricação dos meios artísticos, segundo o filósofo.s: This article presents a comparison of Gotthold E. Lessing’s theory of signs, as found in his Laocoön: an essay on the limits of painting and poetry, and Theodore W. Adorno’s two essays on the relationship between music and painting. Our aim is to point out the decisive influence of German classical aesthetics on Adorno’s post-war aesthetics. Specifically, we discuss how Lessing’s theory functions as a framework for Adorno’s dialectical assessment of the formal specificity of artistic media and their possibilities of convergence in the context of the 1960’s avant-garde. In this context, we discuss the main implications of Adorno’s famous lecture of 1966, Art and the arts, which concerned the process of media convergence that intensified during the 1960’s, as well as the concepts of “overlapping” between artistic media and of “pseudomorphosis”. (shrink)

La recaudación tributaria es una tarea fundamental para el financiamiento del Estado, pero cuando los contribuyentes no con cumplen con dicha obligación el Servicio de Rentas Internas se ve forzado a iniciar el proceso de ejecución coactiva, es en esa instancia donde la falta de claridad y consistencia de la normativa tributaria se transforma en un problema tanto para el contribuyente como para la administración, pues queda a discrecionalidad de esta última actuaciones fundamentales como la disposición de medidas cautelares, mismas (...) que pueden afectar derechos constitucionales del usuario. El estudio tiene como propósito primordial evaluar la efectividad de los procesos de ejecución coactiva sustanciados por el SRI en la protección del derecho a la propiedad y seguridad jurídica, para lo cual se aplicó el método mixto, a través de la implementación de encuestas a cien usuarios del sistema tributarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del Derecho. Tras el procesamiento de los datos se evidencia una postura de rechazo por parte de la población ante la actuación de los funcionarios ejecutores del proceso coactivo, pues la disposición desproporcionada de medidas como la retención o la prohibición de enajenar afectan significativamente sus derechos. Como conclusión se determina que la falta de claridad y armonización de la norma tributaria posibilita que los funcionarios públicos quebranten el principio de buena fe y rebasen con sus actuaciones los límites del derecho de propiedad y seguridad jurídica de los afiliados al sistema tributario. (shrink)

La clonación, las células madres, la pena de muerte, el suicidio, la eutanasia, los trasplantes de órganos, las drogas... una reflexión sobre los principales problemas éticos relacionados con la vida. Este libro, rico y actual en datos, riguroso en su reflexión, dialogante con las ciencias y respetuoso de las fuentes de la teología moral católica, aborda una amplitud de temas éticos en torno a la vida humana. Frente a los múltiples problemas que se presentan en el campo de la vida, (...) hoy no se puede presentar una ética que no se haga comprensible y razonable. Se trata, por tanto, de ofrecer una fundamentación de aquellas opciones que nos resultan más humanizantes, pero sin eliminar la dimensión religiosa, que ilumina, confirma y abre a la trascendencia. (shrink)

This article presents the recent literature about the church Nossa Senhora da Consolação, considered through the prism of the study of sacred art. After a historical overview about the neighborhood and the ancient temple of Consolation, will be highlighted some most relevant artistic aspects of architecture and works of art gathered in the sacred building, designed by German engineer Maximilian Emil Hehl, whose inspiration reports to the formal and stylistic features of Romanesque architecture as well as the influences of eclecticism (...) with a predominance of Romanesque Revival architecture and Gothic Revival in São Paulo in the early twentieth century. (shrink)

The logics of formal inconsistency are logics tolerant to some amount of contradiction, but in which some versions of explosion still hold. The main result of this paper is a reconstruction of two such logics in the dialogical framework. By doing so, we achieve two things. On the one hand, we provide a formal approach to argumentative situations where some contradictions may occur while keeping the idea that there may still be situations in which some propositions are ‘safe’ in the (...) sense of immunity to the contradictions. On the other hand, we open a new line of study on these logics, in the context of the game-theoretical approach to semantics born in the 1960s, with various interesting perspectives, some of which are discussed at the end of this article. (shrink)

El documento presenta la propuesta ecuatoriana como una política pública viable tanto desde el punto de vista nacional como internacional. Se analizan las razones de por qué no debe atarse esta iniciativa al mercado de carbono, y se proponen premisas para impulsar acuerdos políticos que tendrán como momento clave la reunión del Convenio de Cambio Climático en Copenhague. En el documento se proponen varias posibilidades y condiciones políticas y económicas para estructurar un fondo solidario a fin de hacer viable la (...) iniciativa de no explotación del crudo en el Parque Nacional Yasuní. Se destaca que la propuesta ha recibido ya el respaldo del Parlamente Alemán, y que está en la agenda de varios parlamentos y gobiernos a nivel internacional. (shrink)

O conceito de materialismo histórico-dialético constitui-se como algo essencial para o exame crítico das estruturas sociais. Desenvolvido por pensadores como Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, tal expressão busca examinar a história e a sociedade a partir de fundamentos materiais e econômicos. Por outro lado, a ideologia refere-se a uma gama de valores e crenças que moldam a visão global e validam as estruturas de poder existentes. Destacada, por algumas abordagens, como um instrumento de controle e dominação, essa ideia pode influenciar (...) comportamentos e ações sociais. Partido desses pressupostos, esse trabalho tem como objetivo abordar os fundamentos teóricos do materialismo histórico-dialético, enquanto instrumento para fundamentar uma crítica à ordem estabelecida pela ideologia da classe dominante. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem bibliográfica, indireta e qualitativa e as conclusões que podem ser destacadas revelaram que: Antoine de Tracy introduziu o conceito de ideologia como uma ciência das ideias, reduzindo-as a sensações simples. Por outro lado, Karl Marx e Antonio Gramsci desaprovam essa visão, mostrando como a ideologia serve aos interesses da classe dominante para manter sua supremacia. Já o materialismo histórico-dialético, ao enfatizar a influência do modo de produção material no desenvolvimento humano-social, pode emergir como uma antítese à ideologia, assim, a relação entre ideologia e materialismo histórico-dialético se estabelece na capacidade deste último de desafiar o discurso pró-capitalista, expondo suas contradições e promovendo a conscientização das classes oprimidas. (shrink)

v. 1. Formación y liberación del pensamiento cubano (1515-1860). t. 1. Orígenes y formación del pensamiento cubano -- t. 2. Del liberalismo esclavista al liberalismo abolicionista.

Our article aims to present a comparative study on the thoughts of two of the Hannah Arendt and Simone Weil, specifically, about the reflections of this revolutionary project by Marx. In order to achieve this goal, we will make a specific cut in one of the works of each of these philosophers. In Hannah Arendt we will follow the philosopher's thinking, specifically in her book On Revolution (1963) in the chapters The Social Question and The Revolutionary Tradition and Its Lost (...) Treasure. In Simone Weil, we will devote ourselves to the text De Oppression et Liberté (1955) mainly in the chapter called Critique du marxisme. With this outline, we will demonstrate the differences made by each of these philosophers, highlighting the similarities and differences of such criticisms. Finally, we will briefly present the proposals of these great thinkers for a true ‘revolution’ in the human condition, proposals that, in a way, are within the scope of the philosophy of each one of them. (shrink)

A obra Eletric Waves foi o ponto de partida para a análise filosófico-metodológica das teorias científicas por parte de H. Hertz e a culminância dessa prática deu-se com a sua obra póstuma The Principles of Mechanics. Nas introduções a essas duas obras um tema metacientífico se apresenta como núcleo central. Nelas Hertz trata das diferentes representações, imagens ou modelos dos fenômenos físicos: no caso da primeira obra, dos fenômenos eletromagnéticos; no caso da segunda, dos fenômenos mecânicos. E a questão que (...) tenta resolver é a seguinte: qual é a origem da pluralidade de imagens nas teorias científicas? Seria ela inevitável? É sobre esse tipo de questões que se fixa o presente trabalho na intenção de apresentar o papel da noção de representação na concepção de ciência de Heinrich Hertz. (shrink)

Conheci Rubem Alves pelo Sigrist. Não foi aqui na academia. Foi pelos cantos e recantos desta Campinas. Alves e Sigrist foram colegas de magistério universitário em Rio Claro primeiro, nesta casa depois. Foram muito próximos até que a vida os separasse.

Resumen: Una lectura atenta acerca del Cautiverio Feliz de Pineda y Bascuñán, indudablemente, nos despertaría varias asociaciones, no solo con otras formas de literatura histórica propias de la época, sino que con otras obras de las que integra algunos elementos como: los modos de estructuración discursiva y los modelos o perfiles agenciales. En este sentido, la lectura de la obra de Pineda nos remitiría a El Cortesano de Baltazar Castiglione, por cuanto muchos de los rasgos del perfecto caballero, presentados en (...) El Cortesano, se encuentran insertos en algunos personajes de la obra de Pineda. No es raro encontrar en el Cautiverio, entre otras cosas, las cualidades del perfecto caballero plasmadas en los indígenas, virtudes que adornan también a algunos criollos y españoles antiguos.: A close reading to Pineda and Bascuñán’s Cautiverio Feliz, undoubtedly, would wake us a series of asociations, not only with other forms of historical literatura from the epoch, but also with other works that integrate some elements such as: kinds of speech structure and kinds of instrumental profiles. In this sense, reading Pineda`s work would lead us to Castiglione`s El Cortesano, because many of the characteristic of the perfect gentleman presented in El Cortesano, are inserted in some characters of Pineda`s work. It is not strange to find in El Cautiverio, among other things, the qualities of a perfect gentleman, shaped on the natives, virtues, virtues that also adorn some creole and old spaniards. (shrink)

La ética de la información propuesta por L. Floridi (1999, 2002) es la principal alternativa teórica que, por un lado, permite superar la polémica de la singularidad de la ética de los computadores y, por otro, dotar de un fundamento teórico general a dicha ética en un nivel ontológico. Su análisis crítico desvela los mecanismos cognitivos empleados en su constitución y, al mismo tiempo, pone en cuestión algunas de sus consecuencias, como la equiparación del mal moral con alguna forma de (...) entropía. (shrink)

This piece is an answer to comments by Matei Candea, Debbora Battaglia, and Roy Wagner on the author's article, “Zeno and the Art of Anthropology.” Here Viveiros de Castro focuses on the relation between exo- and endo-anthropology, on the conditions for the conceptual imagination of the other, on the distinction between minor and royal (or state) science, and on the precise meaning of the characterization of anthropology as a theory of the “ontological autodetermination of the world's peoples.”.

El nuevo régimen de acumulación emergente que viene construyéndose lentamente desde mediados de los años 70 y de forma más acelerada aún durante la última década, exige requerimientos espaciales para su despliegue que –con ligeros matices locales- pueden ser observados en la mayoría de las ciudades y los territorios metropolitanos de los países desarrollados. A este nuevo modelo espacial y de gestión urbana resultante le denominamos “ciudad única”, para incidir en su obediencia y sometimiento al proyecto hegemónico social, económico, cultural (...) y político del pensamiento único. La estructura espacial del territorio contemporáneo resultante de este modelo debe ser entendida desde la superposición de tres estratos: el espacio de los lugares (paisajes naturales y territorios antropizados en diferentes grados, desde los paisajes rurales a los territorios urbanos), el espacio de las redes (compuesto por las líneas y vectores de flujos y los nodos de intercambio) y el “campo rizomático de los flujos inmateriales”. Más allá de las meteóricas espectaculares y fotogénicas transformaciones urbanas que se suceden en los espacios que resultan “ganadores” o beneficiados en el nuevo régimen de acumulación, en esta nueva estructura espacial se manifiestan numerosas contradicciones, conflictos, desigualdades, e injusticias que apenas son desveladas por el discurso hegemónico imperante. (shrink)

The essential mission of the church is evangelization (EN 14). She establishes her own schools to accomplish this mission. Evangelization aims at the formation of the whole person. In this complete formation, the religion or faith dimension plays an important role in the development of the other aspects of one’s personality in the measure in which it is integrated into general education. The extent to which the Christian message is transmitted through education depends not only on content and methodology but (...) also on the teacher, usually the lay. The Catholic Schools and the lay educators receive from the Church, through the Bishops, this “mandate” of “an apostolic undertaking”. Religious instruction in the Archdiocese of Cebu rests on the religious congregations spread across the province. The congregations pursue mainly their vision, mission, and thrusts. This study sought to review the Catholic Life Formation (CLF) content and strategies of ten representative schools from the Catholic Church and the Catechism for Filipino Catholics to ensure the inclusion of basic doctrine and Faith essentials, evaluate the qualifications and the teaching performance of teachers CLF or Christian Living and propose a model for Cebu Catholic Life Formation Program Scope and Sequence and a corollary Facilitators Formation Program needed to implement it. CLF curriculum of the 10 schools varied greatly in catechetical focus. Review of curriculum content revealed that the essentials of the Faith lacked in organic and systematic manner of presentation. The 10 schools had variance in elements, systems and sequence of exposition, faith exposure and prayer forms lack in connectivity to Church prescriptions. Thus, a Model Cebu CLF Program Scope and Sequence is proposed for the utilization by the Catholic Schools in the Archdiocese of Cebu. Keywords - Cebu Catholic Life Formation, Archdiocese of Cebu. (shrink)

This seminal, multidisciplinary book shows how mathematics can be used to study the first principles of DNA. Most importantly, it enriches the so-called "Chargaff's grammar of biology" by providing the conceptual theoretical framework necessary to generalize Chargaff's rules. Starting with a simple example of DNA mathematical modeling where human nucleotide frequencies are associated to the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio through an optimization problem, its breakthrough is showing that the reverse, complement and reverse-complement operators defined over oligonucleotides induce a (...) natural set partition of DNA words of fixed-size. These equivalence classes, when organized into a matrix form, reveal hidden patterns within the DNA sequence of every living organism. Intended for undergraduate and graduate students both in mathematics and in life sciences, it is also a valuable resource for researchers interested in studying invariant genomic properties. (shrink)

Resumo: Este estudo analisa as narrativas radiofônicas de Walter Benjamin, como forma e conteúdo através do qual o autor buscou proporcionar para a infância de seu tempo uma possibilidade de experiência com o contemporâneo. Ao se pensar as peças do ponto de vista didático e do ponto de vista da aprendizagem, pode-se encontrar nelas a intencionalidade de Benjamin, bem como a atenção e o cuidado dado por ele a elementos aparentemente irrelevantes para o esclarecimento como Aufklärung, no cotidiano prosaico das (...) massas. Esse cuidado o levou a questionar, a exercitar e a experimentar a transmissão do conhecimento por meios novos e metodologias inovadoras para a época, sem perder de vista a perspectiva dos vencidos, em sua batalha diária, ou seja, em seu cotidiano. As peças, portanto, não são modelos apenas em sua estrutura narrativa, mas também de uma intencionalidade pedagógica emancipadora que pode dialogar com a criança, mediante a ludo-linguagem de domínio e fluência das crianças. A infância, nesse sentido, é signo de uma nova subjetividade fortalecida e, assim, capaz de resistir e de se desviar dos encantos e das promessas do populismo fascista que, no século XXI, não deixou de rondar a todos. Palavras-chave: Narrativas Radiofônicas; Experiência; Walter Benjamin Radiophone tales: the emergency of a modern form of narration in Benjamin Abstract: This study analyzes Walter Benjamin's radio narratives as a form and content through which the author sought to provide the childhood of his time with a possibility of experiencing the contemporary. Whenever thinking about the pieces from the didactic point of view and from the learning point of view, it could find Benjamin's intentionality among it, as well as the attention and care given by him to elements apparently irrelevant to the clarification, such as Aufklärung, in the prosaic daily life of masses. This care led him to question, exercise and experiment with the transmission of knowledge through new means and innovative methodologies for the time, without losing sight of the perspective of the losers, in their daily battle, that is, in their daily lives. The plays, therefore, are not models only in their narrative structure, but also of an emancipatory pedagogical intentionality that can dialogue with the child, through the ludo-language of mastery and fluency of children. Childhood, in this sense, is a sign of a new, strengthened subjectivity and, consequently, capable of resisting and deviating from the charms and promises of fascist populism that, in the 21st century, did not cease to haunt everyone. Keywords: Radio Narratives; Experience; Walter Benjamin Cuentos radiofónicos: la emergencia de una forma moderna de narración en Benjamin Resumén: Este estudio analiza las narrativas radiofónicas de Walter Benjamin, como forma y contenido a través del cual el autor buscó proporcionar para la infancia de su tiempo una posibilidad de experiencia con lo contemporáneo. Al pensar en las piezas, desde el punto de vista didáctico y desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, se puede encontrar en ellas la intencionalidad de Benjamin, así como la atención y el cuidado dado por él a elementos aparentemente irrelevantes para el esclarecimiento como Aufklärung, en el prosaico diario de las masas. Ese cuidado lo llevó a cuestionar, a ejercitar y a experimentar la transmisión del conocimiento por medios nuevos y metodologías innovadoras para la época, sin perder de vista la perspectiva de los vencidos, en su batalla diaria, o sea, en su cotidiano. Las piezas, por lo tanto, no son modelos solo en su estructura narrativa, sino también de una intencionalidad pedagógica emancipadora que puede dialogar con el niño, mediante el Ludo lenguaje de dominio y fluidez de los niños. La infancia, en ese sentido, es signo de una nueva subjetividad fortalecida y, así, capaz de resistir y de desviarse de los encantos y de las promesas del populismo fascista que, en el siglo XXI, no dejó de rondar a todos. Palabras clave: Narrativas Radiofónicas; Experiencia; Walter Benjamin Data de registro: 07/03/2023 Data de aceite: 22/11/2023. (shrink)

How do scientists and theologians conceive new ways of mapping the world? Can parallels be found between the images they use, or the models they offer when new questions arise? I will explore Albert Einstein’s views on scientific imagination with the goal of contributing – at least within his own perspective – to answering these questions. Drawing on McGrath, I will first briefly describe Einstein’s desire for a unified vision of reality, the links between science and a ‘cosmic religion’, and (...) his overall ideas on transcendence. I will later further develop Einstein’s fundamental features of a cosmovision that grounds his work in physics, and encompasses his philosophical views on human existence and his general way of seeing the world. I will focus on Ideas and Opinions (1982), which will allow me to set the broad picture of his theory of everything and, at the same time, bring up the central aspects of Einstein’s ideas on the scientific imagination. Finally, I will briefly summarise my conclusions concerning Einstein’s views on the nature of scientific imagination as a mental device, especially regarding its twofold role in what I call ‘visual image play’ and conceptualization. (shrink)

Estudo da relação entre os judeus cultivados de Berlim (na figura de Rachel Varnhagen) e a cultura clássica alemã por meio da análise do papel nela representado pela idéia de "personalidade", senha da ideologia dos mandarins alemães.