Cover versions form a loose but identifiable category of tracks and performances. We distinguish four kinds of covers and argue that they mark important differences in the modes of evaluation that are possible or appropriate for each: mimic covers, which aim merely to echo the canonical track; rendition covers, which change the sound of the canonical track; transformative covers, which diverge so much as to instantiate a distinct, albeit derivative song; and referential covers, which not only instantiate a distinct song, (...) but for which the new song is in part about the original song. In order to allow for the very possibility of transformative and referential covers, we argue that a cover is characterized by relation to a canonical track rather than merely by being a new instance of a song that had been recorded previously. (shrink)

The editors of the 'Panic' section of this issue give an overview of panic theory and introduce the articles in the issue.

Este texto recupera dos posiciones en torno al concepto de destino: la de Diego de Saavedra Fajardo y la de Plutarco. Ambos, a diferencia de algunos estoicos, sostienen que, independientemente de aquellas circunstancias que escapan a la voluntad humana, el hombre posee la capacidad para ser libre y tomar decisiones respecto de sus actos, sin que esto signifique dejar atrás el ideal del sabio. Para ellos, enfrentarse con el destino implica conocer las pasiones que se hallan inmersas en la naturaleza (...) humana, así que no las toman en un sentido negativo. Por esta razón, ambos filósofos insisten en reorientar las pasiones a través de la educación, la moral o la religión y, con ello, en dejar atrás la idea de que el hombre está determinado o bien por su propia naturaleza humana o por las circunstancias que se le presentan. De esta manera, brindan un reconocimiento esencial al ejercicio de la libertad humana. (shrink)

La première maternité du monde hispanique est fondée à Lima en 1826 grâce notamment à l’action d’une sage-femme française, Benoîte Cadeau-Fessel. Celle-ci a fait ses études à la maternité de Port-Royal et souhaite diriger une institution de ce type dans le Nouveau Monde. Madame Fessel arrive à Lima accompagnée de son mari et y crée une maternité. Particulièrement dynamique et entreprenante, elle forme des étudiantes péruviennes à la théorie et à la clinique et organise la profession de sage-femme. Les femmes (...) ainsi formées s’érigent rapidement en spécialistes de l’obstétrique et se revendiquent plus compétentes que les accoucheuses traditionnelles et les médecins. Les sages-femmes formées à la maternité de Lima acquièrent une reconnaissance sociale qui leur permet d’asseoir leur expertise en matière d’accouchement, grâce à l’autorité scientifique et professionnelle de Madame Fessel. (shrink)

Resumen A través del estudio de los linchamientos, el artículo explora en la capacidad explicativa de algunas de las principales teorías sociológicas sobre integración, dominación e interdependencia para comprender la acción, sin que ello implique interpretaciones totales y recíprocamente excluyentes sobre esas acciones. Por el contrario, se trata de buscar distintas entradas parciales, fragmentos de lo que no son y/o de lo que parcialmente son los linchamientos. El texto observa que la disruptividad de estas acciones respecto de las teorías examinadas (...) podría explicarse en tanto en ellas conciencia y práctica fueron pensadas como oposiciones binarias, que en el mejor de los casos operarían en momentos sucesivos. En estas teorías sociológicas la acción podría explicarse por uno de estos planos o por el otro. Sin embargo, en el caso de los linchamientos es posible que estos dos estratos concurran a explicar la acción de manera conjunta.The article explores in the explanatory capacity of some of the main sociological theories on integration, domination and interdependence, to understand the action, specifically lynching, without implying total and reciprocally exclusive interpretations of these actions. On the contrary, it tries to look for different partial entries to its explanation, fragments of what lynching are not and/or what they partially are. The text notes that the disruption of these actions in relation with the theories examined could be explained considering that in them, consciousness and practice were developed as binary oppositions. This would at best operate in successive moments, but in these cases the action could be explained by either one of these levels. In the lynching case, it is possible that these two strata explain the action jointly. (shrink)

La cientificidad es una exigencia del paradigma dominante en general en las ciencias sociales y en la antropología particularmente. La idea de paradigma (o por lo menos su popularización) se la debemos a T. S. Kühn (1962). Kühn señala que paradigma puede ser entendido de muchas maneras, pero qu..

A recording or performance of a song is a cover if there is an earlier, canonical recording of the song. It can seem intuitive to think that properly appreciating a cover requires considering it in relation to the original, or at least that doing so will yield a deeper appreciation. This intuition is supported by some philosophical accounts of covers. And it is complicated by the possibility of hearing in, whereby one hears elements of the original version in the cover. (...) We argue that it can nevertheless be just as legitimate to consider a cover version on its own as it is to consider it in relation to the earlier recording that it is covering. In some cases, these two modes of appreciation will offer distinct rewards. In other cases, one mode will be substantially more rewarding than the other. The details matter, especially in complicated cases like covers of covers, but neither mode is privileged in principle. (shrink)

El presente estudio exploratorio centra su investigación en la variación morfológica de los verbos de la segunda conjugación de presente del indicativo en primera persona plural del español de Chile, cuyas realizaciones alternan entre la variante [-emos] e [-imos] en el _Corpus oral Sociolingüístico del Castellano de Chile_ (COSCACH) (Sadowsky, 2021). Nuestro objetivo general es describir la frecuencia relativa de ambas desinencias, en relación con las variables sexo, edad y nivel sociocultural. Mediante un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos, establecemos (...) que existe correlación entre la variable morfológica estudiada y las variables extralingüísticas sexo y nivel sociocultural de los hablantes; respecto de la variable etaria, esta no es determinante. También se aprecia un uso muy reducido de la variante [-imos], a favor de [-emos], pese a que la variación morfológica data desde hace más de dos siglos, por lo que podríamos decir que estamos frente a un cambio lingüístico que convendría estudiar en profundidad a partir de una muestra mayor. (shrink)

The concept of a “chemical speciation”, as defined by in the year 2000, is grounded in an empiricist semantics. It is a static concept, as it is associated with the ontological category of the chemical state of the distribution of chemical species in a system and is further restricted to chemical species of a single element as it excludes chemical species with more complex chemical systemic subunits, such as molecular species, crystals, or nanoparticles. In this work, we propose a new (...) definition of “chemical speciation” based on a semantics of meaning, applying Mario Bunge’s philosophical system. Chemical speciation is the distribution of chemical systemic subunits amongst defined chemical species in a system. Additionally, we propose two dynamic concepts associated with chemical speciation: chemical species transformation and chemical species evolution. These concepts aim to account for the chemical changes that explain both the diversity of chemical species sharing common systemic subunits and the historical emergence of new modes of chemical speciation. These modes, in turn, explain the appearance of new systemic chemical subunits and novel substantial properties. Our definitions have the advantage of being consistent with general theories of the evolution of matter, such Assembly Theory. Additionally, at the chemical level, this approach encompasses broader systemic chemical subunits beyond elemental particles, allowing for the chemical speciation of families of molecules, crystals, nanoparticles, etc. Finally, our proposal offers the advantage of overcoming the issue of arbitrariness in choosing the reference systemic chemical subunit by linking this choice to the concepts of substantial property, and function. (shrink)

This article investigates the doctrine of intellectual memory in Descartes. In his writings, Descartes recognized not only a bodily memory, explainable in purely physiological terms, but also an intellectual or spiritual memory. In this article, I investigate whether Descartes postulated an intellectual memory for theological reasons or for philosophical reasons. From the analysis of certain texts in which Descartes explains what intellectual memory is, the paper will show that Descartes appeals, for strictly philosophical reasons, to intellectual memory to explain some (...) processes of reminiscence that occur in the human being. In contrast to what some contemporary commentators on the Cartesian doctrine of memory have argued, Descartes’s motivations for postulating intellectual memory are not theological. (shrink)

Este artículo es parte de una investigación que surge de un recuerdo de infancia camino a la escuela que, como imagen, abre algunas inquietudes en torno a las ideas de presencia, experiencia, escuela, cotidianidad e historia. Desde aquí surge la premisa sobre otra forma de estar presente frente a la propuesta antropocéntrica. Por ello, este trabajo, es un intento de pensar la presencia como estar y lo cotidiano como posibilidad, a partir de preguntarse: ¿Cómo sería posible pensar una escuela desde (...) el estar? ¿Cómo sería posible construir los espacios escolares como lugares de presencia? (shrink)

Desde una perspectiva filosófico-educativa, este artículo aborda la relación pedagogía-colonialidad y sus efectos en la escuela. A partir del análisis de estos elementos, su convivencia y tensión se reconoce una pedagogía viva que habilita el habitar la escuela desde y para una práctica deslegitimadora de las formas escolares coloniales. El escrito se basa en una investigación realizada en dos escuelas primarias públicas del sur de Mendoza (2019-2022) a partir de los métodos de comunidad de diálogo y comunidad de indagación. Esta (...) buscó explorar la coligación entre el proyecto educativo moderno colonial-eurocéntrico y las formas de habitar la escuela, a partir del supuesto de que tal relación cercó la construcción de cosmovisiones, proyectos de vida y lazos comunitarios sociales contextualizados, sosteniendo como válidas reducidas opciones de vida y sobrevivencia social. La coligación supuso advertir los elementos escolares presentes y ausentes envueltos, aquellos presentes de manera hegemónica, impuestos por la racionalidad moderna, y aquellos ausentes, invisibilizados o no evidentes desde esa lógica. En las tensiones entre presencia y ausencia visibilizadas en el estudio emerge la relación pedagogía-colonialidad. Para abordarla, primero se despliega la construcción de un marco teórico que piensa las marcas coloniales a través de Aníbal Quijano, la posibilidad de una pedagogía crítica a través de Paulo Freire y sus contradicciones en la modernidad. Segundo, se amplía esta caracterización a partir de la idea de pedagogía viva y lo que convoca. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la pedagogía viva como proyecto que recupera lazos sociales-comunitarios rotos por el proyecto escolar moderno. (shrink)

Callosidad cerebral -- Odiseo y Dédalo -- Tántalo, Sísifo e Ixión -- Tiresias, Calígula y Edipo -- El jugador, Sansón y Butes -- Sócrates y Merlín -- La caña Pesante.

This article investigates the doctrine of intellectual memory in Descartes. In his writings, Descartes recognized not only a bodily memory, explainable in purely physiological terms, but also an intellectual or spiritual memory. In this article, I investigate whether Descartes postulated an intellectual memory for theological reasons or for philosophical reasons. From the analysis of certain texts in which Descartes explains what intellectual memory is, the paper will show that Descartes appeals, for strictly philosophical reasons, to intellectual memory to explain some (...) processes of reminiscence that occur in the human being. In contrast to what some contemporary commentators on the Cartesian doctrine of memory have argued, Descartes’s motivations for postulating intellectual memory are not theological. (shrink)

Playing soccer in public parks, participating in parades, or marching in religious processions are public performances that express membership in a political community. When these practices are performed by noncitizens, they highlight how the public space—in its physical and symbolic character—is not a space exclusive to members of the political community. Rather, public space is a terrain subject to contestation. In this article, I explore the ways Mexican migrants in New York City use and appropriate public spaces and in doing (...) so expand the boundaries of the political community. I argue that by gaining access to public spaces, appropriating them, and then transforming them, noncitizens claim recognition as members of the political community and thus unsettle its boundaries. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to explore the elements that configure the quality of care among three Mexican same-sex planned families: two female-parented families (through donor insemination) and a male-parented one (through adoption). The first family consisted of two mothers and a 3-year-old daughter; the second one had two mothers and a 1.5-year-old set of boy twins and the third family consisted of two fathers and a 2-year-old girl. It was assumed that Ainsworth’s notions of quality of care organization (...) are useful in order to understand caregiver-child attachment relationships, regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation. A collective case study was selected due to the fact that these families shared their “unconventionality” (i.e. parents were not heterosexual) and the fact that they were planned, but each one constituted a particular case with a unique configuration. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-Sort and Attachment Q-Sort) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. The findings showed that parents were highly sensitive and all children used them as a secure base. To provide an in-depth examination of which elements configure the quality of care, a semi-structured interview with each parent was carried out. Through a thematic analysis, an over-arching theme named Affections and Emotions was identified, together with six subthemes: 1) Creating an affective environment; 2) Being available; 3) Acknowledging and expressing emotions; 4) Perceiving, interpreting and responding adequately to the child’s real self; 5) Taking the child’s perspective into account; and 6) Agreeing on roles and dividing the tasks. In order to showcase the particular configuration of gay parenting, the male-headed family narrative is reported in detail, because gay parents have been perceived as violating traditional gender roles as well as the hegemonic model of masculinity. The findings were consistent with the notion of quality of care as proposed by Ainsworth and her collaborators. The implications of the methodological device and research regarding same-sex planned families are discussed so as to understand the organization of the caregiving environment. (shrink)

The article presents some of the results of the research project Lúdica y juego en la educación infantil: construcción conceptual–Play and Games in Early Childhood Education: A Conceptual Construct–financed by the Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. The aim was to identify and explore the conceptions of what the Campamento Filosófico (Philosophy Camp) represents for its participants within the framework of the project Filosofía e infancia (Philosophy and Childhood). This study takes a (...) qualitative approach, for which semi-structured interviews were used as an instrument for data collection. Also, Atlas.ti 8® software was used for data analysis. An open, axial and selective coding was carried out, in which the emerging categories of the analysis were “experience,” “encounter,” “learning,” “self-care” and “body”. As a result of this conceptualization, it was found that philosophy camps are scenarios that make possible a relationship between university learning environments and primary, elementary and middle school educational contexts. They also enable an experience of the dialogic encounter between different perspectives on the same philosophical topic. Through the Philosophy Camp, philosophy is brought to the school, and the encounter with childhood - as a state, attitude and possibility - fosters spaces for thought, friendship and interaction. (shrink)

Este trabajo surge de un diálogo interdisciplinario entre dos tesis doctorales, una de educación y otra de filosofía, que comparten un interés sobre formas emancipadoras y democráticas de pensar con otros y otras en la escuela pública latinoamericana. Desde una perspectiva crítica propia de la filosofía de la educación latinoamericana realizamos un análisis epistemológico sobre las distintas formas de habitar la pregunta dentro de una práctica filosófica con niños y niñas. Tomamos como objeto de estudio una experiencia específica de comunidad (...) de indagación realizada en 2022 en el sur de Mendoza, Argentina. Entramamos herramientas teóricas de Walter Kohan, Paulo Freire y Jacques Rancière con la intención de visibilizar diversas formas de habitar la producción de saberes dentro de dicha comunidad. Proponemos dos nudos problemáticos: por un lado, el orden explicador/embrutecedor a partir de Rancière y, por el otro,la pregunta como afirmación vital a partir de Kohan y Freire. Trabajamos una serie de disonancias en torno a la circulación y a la potencia de la pregunta en la escuela y la educación pública. Finalmente proponemos una síntesis de estas problemáticas en la postulación de una “pregunta niña” como potencia epistémica emancipadora que supone una intimidad con los otros y otras, con las cosas y el mundo abierta desde una igualdad política e intelectual radical. (shrink)

In this article, we explore the heuristic power of the theoretical distinction between framework and interaction theories applied to the case of General Relativity. According to the distinction, theories and theoretical elements can be classified into two different groups, each with clear ontological, epistemic and functional content. Being so, to identify the group to which a theory belongs would suffice to know a priori its prospects and limitations in these areas without going into a detailed technical analysis. We make the (...) exercise here with General Relativity, anticipate its ontological, epistemic and functional content and show afterwords that such expectations are justified in this case, being consistent with formal issues of General Relativity. With this, we attempt to make a case for the use of the distinction as a powerful tool for scientific and philosophical analysis. (shrink)

BackgroundInformed consent is an important factor in a child’s moral structure from which different types of doctor–patient relationships arise. Children’s autonomy is currently under discussion in terms of their decent treatment, beyond what doctors and researchers perceive. To describe the influential practices that exist among clinicians and researchers toward children with chronic diseases during the process of obtaining informed consent.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, qualitative study via a subjective and interpretivist approach. The study was performed by conducting semi-structured interviews of 21 (...) clinicians and researchers. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21® and Atlas Ti version 7.0® programs.ResultsThe deliberative and paternalistic models were influential practices in the physician–patient relationship. In the deliberative model, the child is expected to have a moral awareness of their care. The paternalistic model determined that submission was a way of structuring the child because he or she is considered to be a subject of extreme care.ConclusionsThe differentiated objectification [educational] process recognizes the internal and external elements of the child. Informed consent proved to be an appropriate means for strengthening moral and structuring the child. (shrink)

Abductive problems and their solutions are presented by means of justification logic. We introduce additional meta-constructions in order to generate and compare different solutions to the same abductive problem. Our approach has three advantages: (i) it makes structurally explicit the solution to an abductive problem (as it has a syntactic nature); (ii) it gives a precise meaning to the notion of evidence; (iii) it provides clear definitions and procedures for the comparison of solutions that can be adapted to different needs.

Este artículo busca plantear esquemáticamente el problema filosófico que fundamenta la tesis principal del filósofo alemán Markus Gabriel, a saber, que el mundo no existe o, en otras palabras, no existe ni es posible concebir una totalidad de lo real ni un elemento transversal o fundamental de toda la realidad. Este problema parte de la pregunta ontológica por excelencia: ¿qué existe? Esta, a su vez, se basa en la cuestión sobre qué significa existir. El análisis de la noción de existencia (...) mostrará que: (1) no puede ser una propiedad auténtica, ya que no permite individuar y distinguir objetos; (2) por lo anterior, no puede haber una definición total de “existencia”, por lo que tampoco puede haber un ámbito de objetos caracterizado solo por ella. La imposibilidad de este ámbito total mostrará que no existe ni es concebible ninguna totalidad de lo real. (shrink)

The objective of this work was to contrast the hypothesis of significant differences between the quality of university life reported in the literature with respect to the empirical observations in a university in northwestern Mexico. A cross-sectional, exploratory, correlational and psychometric study was carried out with a sample of intentionally selected students. A two-dimensional factorial structure related to quality of life and university identity was found that contravenes the theoretical structure reported in the state of the art, although the literature (...) also suggests the modeling of actors in order to predict academic performance. In this sense, the inclusion of the third factor is recommended whenever the indicators are reduced, and that the adjustment and residual parameters indicate an amplification of the study to other samples, but a reduction of the features of the quality of university life. (shrink)

Frente al déficit de visión territorial a escala nacional, que devele el patrón de los conflictos ambientales vigentes en Chile, se propone la construcción de un índice sintético de vulnerabilidad social, con soporte en la unidad de análisis político-administrativa de administración local, junto a la localización de los conflictos ambientales denunciados por ONG’s. Ello posibilitará estudiar la relación espacial existente, de modo de determinar qué perfil de unidades territoriales soportan mayor carga de externalidades negativas generadas por proyectos de inversión privada. (...) Asimismo, el planteamiento adoptado posibilita cuantificar los niveles de justicia ambiental en el país. (shrink)

The river Portoviejo crosses four cantons of the province of Manabí and is the main source of water for the inhabitants of the area to be used in various uses. The objective of this bibliographic review article is to carry out a historical analysis of the water pollution of the Portoviejo River. The qualitative and descriptive documentary research methodology was used. The authors conclude that the factors that influence the pollution of the Portoviejo River are the constant direct discharges of (...) wastewater and solid waste along its route by the residents of the area and the contribution of the water treatment plant waste from the area. (shrink)

Alison L. Spedding es la antropóloga y novelista que fue arrestada en marzo de 1998 por las autoridades bolivianas bajo el cargo de tráfico de drogas, que ella niega fuertemente. Al momento de ser impreso este número, se había eliminado el cargo de tráfico por falta de evidencia, pero se estaba ..

The aim of this paper is to address the question: Can an artificial neural network (ANN) model be used as a possible characterization of the power of the human mind? We will discuss what might be the relationship between such a model and its natural counterpart. A possible characterization of the different power capabilities of the mind is suggested in terms of the information contained (in its computational complexity) or achievable by it. Such characterization takes advantage of recent results based (...) on natural neural networks (NNN) and the computational power of arbitrary artificial neural networks (ANN). The possible acceptance of neural networks as the model of the human mind's operation makes the aforementioned quite relevant. (shrink)

En una serie de interesantes artículos, esta publicación presenta, de manera innovadora, cómo los diarios más importantes de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México comunican las nociones sobre la pobreza, cómo las encuadran y el lenguaje que utilizan para hacerlo. Los artículos contextualizan estas nociones a través de un análisis multidisciplinario y las relacionan con las teorías contemporáneas más relevantes sobre el tema, así como con el discurso político vigente y las medidas para erradicarla. Los artículos son resultado de las (...) investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el proyecto Pobreza, Lenguaje y Medios: Los Casos de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México (Polame), financiado por el Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). (shrink)