Results for 'Causal Relation'

970 found
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  1.  39
    Discovering Causal Relations Among Latent Variables in Directed Acyclical Graphical Models.Peter Spirtes - unknown
    Peter Spirtes. Discovering Causal Relations Among Latent Variables in Directed Acyclical Graphical Models.
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  2. Causal Relations in Visual Perception in Naturalistic Epistemology: A Symposium of Two Decades.J. Heffner - 1987 - Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 100:193-214.
  3.  38
    Causal relations drive young children’s induction, naming, and categorization.John E. Opfer & Megan J. Bulloch - 2007 - Cognition 105 (1):206-217.
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  4.  88
    Causal Relations and Explanatory Strategies in Physics.Andrew Wayne - 2015 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 29 (1):75-89.
    Many philosophers now regard causal approaches to explanation as highly promising, even in physics. This is due in large part to James Woodward's influential argument that a wide variety of scientific explanations are causal, based on his interventionist approach to causation. This article argues that some derivations describing causal relations and satisfying Woodward's criteria for causal explanation fail to be explanatory. Further, causal relations are unnecessary for a range of explanations, widespread in physics, involving highly (...)
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  5. Causal relations.Zeno Vendler - 1967 - Journal of Philosophy 64 (21):704-713.
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  6. (1 other version)Causal relations.Donald Davidson - 1967 - Journal of Philosophy 64 (21):691-703.
  7. Primitive causal relations and the pairing problem.Paul Audi - 2011 - Ratio 24 (1):1-16.
    There is no doubt that spatial relations aid us in pairing up causes and effects. But when we consider the possibility of qualitatively indiscernible things, it might seem that spatial relations are more than a mere aid – they might seem positively required. The belief that spatial relations are required for causal relations is behind an important objection to Cartesian Dualism, the pairing problem. I argue that the Cartesian can answer this objection by appeal to the possibility of primitive (...)
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  8.  22
    Quantum Causality Relations and the Emergence of Reality from Coherent Superpositions.Holger F. Hofmann - 2020 - Foundations of Physics 50 (12):1809-1823.
    The Hilbert space formalism describes causality as a statistical relation between initial experimental conditions and final measurement outcomes, expressed by the inner products of state vectors representing these conditions. This representation of causality is in fundamental conflict with the classical notion that causality should be expressed in terms of the continuity of intermediate realities. Quantum mechanics essentially replaces this continuity of reality with phase sensitive superpositions, all of which need to interfere in order to produce the correct conditional probabilities (...)
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  9. Individuation, Causal Relations, and Quine.Jody Azzouni - 2003 - In Mark Richard, Meaning. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell.
     
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  10.  11
    Causal relations between asymmetries at the individual level?Deason Rg, D. R. Andresen & C. J. Marsolek - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4).
  11. Causal Relations Between Mind and Body: A New Formulation of the Mind-Body Problem.David Randall Luce - 1957 - Dissertation, University of Michigan
  12.  48
    The causal relation between mind and body.Henry Rutgers Marshall - 1912 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 9 (18):477-490.
  13.  32
    The argumentative impact of causal relations ? An exemplary analysis of the free predicate in the promotional discourse.AnneEllerup Nielsen - 1996 - Argumentation 10 (3):329-345.
    The semantic relations between and within utterances are marked by the use of connectors and adverbials. One type of semantic relations is causal relations expressed by causal markers such as because, therefore, so, for, etc. Some of these markers cover different types of causal relations such as causality, explanation and justification. In certain types of discourse, causal relations also imply an intentional element. This paper describes the way in which the semantic and pragmatic functions of (...) markers can be accounted for in terms of linguistic and rhetorical theories of argumentation. (shrink)
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  14. The causal relation and its terms.Andrew Newman - 1988 - Mind 97 (388):529-550.
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  15.  29
    Causal relations and the individuation of actions.Laurence F. Mucciolo - 1972 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 50 (3):259 – 262.
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  16.  8
    Causal Relation and Experience in Hume and Whitehead.Chang-Ohk Moon - 2012 - 동서철학연구(Dong Seo Cheol Hak Yeon Gu; Studies in Philosophy East-West) 65:77-94.
  17.  33
    The Causal Relation.Peter Achinstein - 1979 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 4 (1):369-386.
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  18.  69
    Causal relations between asymmetries at the individual level?Rebecca G. Deason, David R. Andresen & Chad J. Marsolek - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4):596-597.
    Studies with humans have failed to produce evidence that any direct causal relation exists between the asymmetry of one function in an individual and the asymmetry of a different function in that individual. Without such evidence, factors external to an individual's nervous system, such as social interactions, may play crucial roles in explaining the directions of all asymmetries at all levels.
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  19.  31
    Causal Relations and Abraham’s Dilemma: a Qur’anic Perspective.Alireza Kazemi - 2022 - Sophia 61 (2):309-318.
    Abraham’s Dilemma is the conjunction of three jointly inconsistent propositions: God’s commands are never morally wrong, God has commanded Abraham to kill his innocent son, and killing innocent people is morally wrong. Drawing on an overlooked point from the Qur’an regarding the content of the command as well as a conceptual analysis of intentional action, this paper proposes a novel solution to the dilemma by discarding proposition in a new way. Current approaches to rejecting proposition tend to appeal to epistemic (...)
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  20.  46
    The argumentative impact of causal relations? An exemplary analysis of the free predicate in the promotional discourse.Anne Ellerup Nielsen - 1996 - Argumentation 10 (3):329-345.
    The semantic relations between and within utterances are marked by the use of connectors and adverbials. One type of semantic relations is causal relations expressed by causal markers such as because, therefore, so, for, etc. Some of these markers cover different types of causal relations such as causality, explanation and justification. In certain types of discourse, causal relations also imply an intentional element. This paper describes the way in which the semantic and pragmatic functions of (...) markers can be accounted for in terms of linguistic and rhetorical theories of argumentation. (shrink)
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  21.  95
    Psychophysical causal relations.John A. Foster - 1968 - American Philosophical Quarterly 5 (1):64-70.
  22.  52
    Automated Search for Causal Relations - Theory and Practice.Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour & Richard Scheines - unknown
    nature of modern data collection and storage techniques, and the increases in the speed and storage capacities of computers. Statistics books from 30 years ago often presented examples with fewer than 10 variables, in domains where some background knowledge was plausible. In contrast, in new domains, such as climate research where satellite data now provide daily quantities of data unthinkable a few decades ago, fMRI brain imaging, and microarray measurements of gene expression, the number of variables can range into the (...)
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  23. Statistical models of causal relations.Kenneth M. Sayre - 1977 - Philosophy of Science 44 (2):203-214.
    A model of causation is presented which shares the advantages of Reichenbach's definition in terms of the screening-off relation, but which has the added advantage of distinguishing cause and effect without reference to temporal directionality. This model is defined in terms of the masking relation, which in turn is defined in terms of the equivocation relation of communication theory.
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  24. Why Represent Causal Relations?Michael Strevens - 2007 - In Alison Gopnik & Laura Schulz, Causal learning: psychology, philosophy, and computation. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 245--260.
    Why do we represent the world around us using causal generalizations, rather than, say, purely statistical generalizations? Do causal representations contain useful additional information, or are they merely more efficient for inferential purposes? This paper considers the second kind of answer: it investigates some ways in which causal cognition might aid us not because of its expressive power, but because of its organizational power. Three styles of explanation are considered. The first, building on the work of Reichenbach (...)
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  25.  41
    Conceptual connection and causal relation.Max Deutscher - 1976 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 54 (1):3 – 13.
  26. Emotions, objects and causal relations.Richard E. Aquila - 1974 - Philosophical Studies 26 (November):279-285.
  27. Logical Relations and Causal Relations.Robert T. Radford - 1971 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 52 (4):599.
     
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  28. Mary Shepherd and the Causal Relation - Part One.Jennifer McRobert - manuscript
    Mary Shepherd and the Causal Relation - Part One -/- Part One gives context to the life and work of Lady Mary Shepherd. It weaves together the stories of her ancestors, her own stories and the wider social, historical and philosophical context. The aim is to evoke a world from which to mark the emergence of Mary Shepherd, Scotland’s first female philosopher.
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  29.  97
    (1 other version)Laws and Causal Relations.Michael Tooley - 1981 - In Felicia Ackerman, Midwest Studies in Philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 93-112.
    How are causal relations between particular states of affairs related to causal laws? There appear to be three main answers to this question, and the choice among those three alternatives would seem to be crucial for any account of causation. In spite of this fact, the question of which view is correct has been all but totally neglected in present-day discussions. Indeed, since the time of Hume, one answer has more or less dominated philosophical thinking about causation. This (...)
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  30.  26
    Scaling causal relations and connectives in terms of speaker involvement.Henk Pander Maat & Liesbeth Degand - 2002 - Cognitive Linguistics 12 (3).
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  31. Local theories of causation and the a posteriori identification of the causal relation.Alexander Rueger - 1998 - Erkenntnis 48 (1):25-38.
    The need to find an intrinsic characterization of what makes a relation between events causal arises not only in local theories of causation like Salmon's process theory but also in global approaches like Lewis' counterfactual theory. According to the localist intuition, whether a process connecting two events is causal should depend only on what goes on between the events, not on conditions that hold elsewhere in the world. If such intrinsic characterizations could be found, an identification of (...)
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  32.  71
    Evidence and the Assessment of Causal Relations in the Health Sciences.Raffaella Campaner & Maria Carla Galavotti - 2012 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 26 (1):27-45.
    This contribution claims that the two fundamental notions of causation at work in the health sciences are manipulative and mechanistic, and investigates what kinds of evidence matter for the assessment of causal relations. This article is a development of our 2007 article, ‘Plurality of Causality’, where we argue for a pluralistic account of causation with an eye to econometrics and a single medical example. The present contribution has a wider focus, and considers the notion of evidence within a whole (...)
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  33. Functional Concepts, Referentially Opaque Contexts, Causal Relations, and the Definition of Theoretical Terms.Michael Tooley - 2001 - Philosophical Studies 105 (3):251-279.
    In his recent article, ``Self-Consciousness'’, George Bealer has set outa novel and interesting argument against functionalism in the philosophyof mind. I shall attempt to show, however, that Bealer's argument cannotbe sustained.In arguing for this conclusion, I shall be defending three main theses.The first is connected with the problem of defining theoreticalpredicates that occur in theories where the following two features arepresent: first, the theoretical predicate in question occurswithin both extensional and non-extensional contexts; secondly, thetheory in question asserts that the relevant (...)
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  34. Human Identity, Immanent Causal Relations, and the Principle of Non-Repeatability: Thomas Aquinas on the Bodily Resurrection.Christina van Dyke - 2007 - Religious Studies 43 (4):373 - 394.
    Can the persistence of a human being's soul at death and prior to the bodily resurrection be sufficient to guarantee that the resurrected human being is numerically identical to the human being who died? According to Thomas Aquinas, it can. Yet, given that Aquinas holds that the human being is identical to the composite of soul and body and ceases to exist at death, it's difficult to see how he can maintain this view. In this paper, I address Aquinas's response (...)
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  35.  63
    Sex differences in the inference and perception of causal relations within a video game.Michael E. Young - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5:103575.
    The learning of immediate causation within a dynamic environment was examined. Participants encountered seven decision points in which they needed to choose which of three possible candidates was the cause of explosions in the environment. Each candidate was firing a weapon at random every few seconds, but only one of them produced an immediate effect. Some participants showed little learning, but most demonstrated increases in accuracy across time. On average, men showed higher accuracy and shorter latencies that were not explained (...)
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  36.  95
    Temporally symmetric causal relations in Minkowski space-time.George Berger - 1972 - Synthese 24 (1-2):58 - 73.
  37.  53
    The causal relation as the most fundamental fact of the world. Comments on Hans Reichenbach's paper: The space problem in the new quantum mechanics.Andreas Kamlah - 1991 - Erkenntnis 35 (1-3):49 - 60.
  38.  9
    Causal relational problem solving in toddlers.Mariel K. Goddu, Eunice Yiu & Alison Gopnik - 2025 - Cognition 254 (C):105959.
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  39.  75
    Are there causal relations among dependent variables?Daniel Hausman - 1983 - Philosophy of Science 50 (1):58-81.
    This paper makes explicit and takes issue with the bizarre view, which is unfortunately prevalent among social scientists, that causal relations are features of models only. There are some good reasons to represent causal factors with independent variables. But the association between causes and independent variables is only a desideratum in model construction. It is not a criterion for judging which things are causes and which are effects.
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  40. Nomic universals and particular causal relations: Which are basic and which are derived?John Bolender - 2006 - Philosophia 34 (4):405-410.
    Armstrong holds that a law of nature is a certain sort of structural universal which, in turn, fixes causal relations between particular states of affairs. His claim that these nomic structural universals explain causal relations commits him to saying that such universals are irreducible, not supervenient upon the particular causal relations they fix. However, Armstrong also wants to avoid Plato’s view that a universal can exist without being instantiated, a view which he regards as incompatible with naturalism. (...)
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  41. Mary Shepherd and the Causal Relation (2003).McRobert Jennifer - manuscript
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  42. The Frugal Inference of Causal Relations.Malcolm Forster, Garvesh Raskutti, Reuben Stern & Naftali Weinberger - 2018 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 69 (3):821-848.
    Recent approaches to causal modelling rely upon the causal Markov condition, which specifies which probability distributions are compatible with a directed acyclic graph. Further principles are required in order to choose among the large number of DAGs compatible with a given probability distribution. Here we present a principle that we call frugality. This principle tells one to choose the DAG with the fewest causal arrows. We argue that frugality has several desirable properties compared to the other principles (...)
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  43. The Causal Relation Between Mind and Body.H. R. Marshall - 1913 - Philosophical Review 22:98.
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  44. Singular and General Causal Relations: A Mechanist Perspective.Stuart Glennan - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo, Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press.
    My aim in this paper is to make a case for the singularist view from the perspective of a mechanical theory of causation, and to explain what, from this perspective, causal generalizations mean, and what role they play within the mechanical theory.
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  45.  26
    Reasoning with Expectations About Causal Relations.Peter Gärdenfors - 2022 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 67 (1):201-217.
    Reasoning is not just following logical rules, but a large part of human reasoning depends on our expectations about the world. To some extent, non-monotonic logic has been developed to account for the role of expectations. In this article, the focus is on expectations based on actions and their consequences. The analysis is based on a two-vector model of events where an event is represented in terms of two main components – the force of an action that drives the event, (...)
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  46.  66
    Partial entailment and the causal relation.R. G. Robinson - 1961 - Mind 70 (280):526-533.
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  47.  43
    An ‘Extended But-For’ Test for the Causal Relation in the Law of Obligations.Jane Stapleton - 2016 - Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 36 (1):218-218.
    This article explores the question of what character relations must have before the orthodox law of obligations will describe them as ‘causal’ relations. The article does not purport to identify the metaphysical nature of ‘causation’. Instead it provides a non-reductive account of what is essential before the law has described the relation between a specific factor and the existence of a particular indivisible phenomenon as ‘causal’. Section 1 presents a simple test for this relation—an ‘extended but-for (...)
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  48.  18
    Legal Questions and Scientific Answers : Ontological Differences and Epistemic Gaps in the Assessment of Causal Relations.Lena Wahlberg - 2010 - Dissertation, Lund University
    A large number of legal rules create an obligation to prevent, repair or otherwise mitigate damage to human health or the environment. Many of these rules require that a legally relevant causal relation between human behaviour and the damage at issue is established, and in the establishment of causal relations of this kind scientific information is often pressed into service. This thesis examines this specifically legal use of scientific information. It shows that many legally relevant causal (...)
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  49. Shepherd’s Claim that Sensations Are too Fleeting to Stand in Causal Relations with Other Sensations.David Landy - forthcoming - Journal of Scottish Philosophy.
    Shepherd argues that we can know that there exists a universe external to the mind because that universe is the only possible cause of our sensations. As a part of that argument, Shepherd eliminates the possibility that sensations might be caused by other sensations on the grounds that sensations are merely momentary existences and so not capable of standing in causal relations with each other. And yet she claims that sensations do stand in causal relations to other objects, (...)
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  50.  87
    On the Number of Experiments Sufficient and in the Worst Case Necessary to Identify All Causal Relations Among N Variables.Clark Glymour & Richard Scheines - unknown
    We show that if any number of variables are allowed to be simultaneously and independently randomized in any one experiment, log2(N ) + 1 experiments are sufficient and in the worst case necessary to determine the causal relations among N ≥ 2 variables when no latent variables, no sample selection bias and no feedback cycles are present. For all K, 0 < K <.
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