Words of gratitude and deep respect for Mariia Dmytrivna Kultaieva from her colleague and student Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Abashnik.

In this article, a little-studied problem of the critical analysis of the philosophical and logical position of the representative of German philosophical tradition Christoph Sigwart in the university philosophy, especially in the work of a Kharkiv private-docent Isidor Prodan is presented. At first, the main periods of the scientific and creative career of Isidor Prodan, including his studying at the Czernowitz Gymnasium and the philosophical faculty at the University of Vienna are considered. His teacher in Vienna was a very famous (...) German and Austrian professor Franz Brentano, the author of the work “Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint” and the founder of “descriptive psychology” and intentionalism. Then his teaching of logic and philosophy at the Gymnasiums of Kishinev, Izmail, Riga, Tartu, and Moscow from 1876 till 1900 is emphasized. Then the features of the teaching and the publications of Isidor Prodan in his “Kharkiv period” are pointed out, during which he was a private-docent at the department of philosophy. Isidor Prodan’s works at this time comprise three areas: 1) History of logic, 2) philosophy of common sense, 3) critique of Kant and Neo-Kantianism. In the last group, his work “The Truth about Kant ” was of great importance. His very important work was the monograph “The Cognition and its Object ”. The positions of well-known philosophers and less-known authors were here analyzed. Isidor Prodan’s critical interpretation of the logical viewpoint of Christoph Sigwart in his two-volume work “Logic” occupies an important place in this analysis. In turn, Isidor Prodan’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of this German logician and philosopher, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from the work “Logic”. (shrink)

After the Christianization of Kievan Rus, folk elements began to penetrate into church painting. The culture that has been formed in the people for centuries, in accordance with the regularities of the mechanism of ethno-confessional syncretism, could not but interact with the new Christian culture for Ukraine. Christianity, though sometimes using various means to counteract it, still failed to eradicate the most persistent Christian motives from the minds of its people throughout the centuries of its existence. Ukrainian tolerance and creative (...) forces of the people contributed to the development of religious cult and art, which over time gained national features and characteristics. (shrink)

By sanctifying the rights and responsibilities of man as authorized by God, emphasizing the ontological justification for ensuring freedom of choice, the value of each person and its social character, the Catholic Church, including the UGCC, could not but express its position on specific forms of social order. The Second Vatican Council gave a significant incentive for the development of theological thought in this direction and for the implementation of its constructions into public practice. Since the Church is an institution (...) to which, according to the results of sociological research, Ukrainians have been most trusted for many years, and the UGCC is one of the most active Churches in Ukraine, the study of its attitude towards democracy is one of the topical scientific topics. (shrink)

Author analyses the teaching of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church over importance of democratic elections. The principles, which Church proposes as background to participation in elections, are explored.

Fright is analyzed both as one of the important characteristics of a person, and as a topical issue of humanitarian science, in particular philosophy. Phenomenon of fright is substantiated as an innate ontological nature of a person which is inherited from nature but "cultivated", "socialized" and is considered to be the object of a personal reflection. It is shown that fright is immanently connected with a complex of human rights and freedoms and, especially, with satisfaction of human safety needs. It (...) is proved that freedom is the key source of fright and these phenomena are closely interconnected. Fright both in the conditions of straitened freedom by perforce, and in the conditions of straitened freedom in itself is characterized. Fright features of a Western European medieval man in the conditions of so called stable unfreedom, that is straitened freedom by perforce, with his psychological disharmony, suffering from spiritual and social depression, as well as from the risk to manifest his real "Self" is shown. Fright features of a Western European Renaissance man in the conditions of liberation from church dogmata but in the context of inside constrained freedom are shown. Taking into consideration the tendencies and the features of modern world, the conclusion is drawn that today's epoch is an epoch of fright and today's man is a man of fright. (shrink)

Відгук (про нову книгу О.Габовича та В.Кузнєцова «Філософія наукових теорій. Нарис перший: назви та реалії»(Київ, Наукова думка, 2023, 520 с. ISBN 978-966-00-1896-0 2023)).

The article refers to the Bolshevik genocide against prosperous Ukrainian peasantry, which the communist authorities, referring to the category of exploiters deported in the undeveloped eastern and northern regions of the USSR, to reduce resistance to forced collectivization of farmers. In particular archival documents highlighted the course of deportation, painful adaptation to survival in the new environment, heavy losses and attempts to return to their homes of survivors. In particular, on the basis of published and newly discovered archival documents the (...) author argues that the common earlier in historiography reports of deportation from Ukraine about a million rich peasants during collectivization is inflated at least four times and untrue. The actual data is still not installed because some of the families of the deportees remained in place, some had returned from exile under the decision of local councils of the USSR, some fled, and then legalized in the city, often under changed names. (shrink)

Статтю присвячено аналізу методологічних проблем дослідження доктрини «Русский мир», які виникають під час вивчення теми у філософській перспективі. Оскільки феномен, тема і доктрина «русского мира» давно стали предметом багатьох історичних, політологічних, соціологічних досліджень, філософський аналіз постає надзвичайно актуальним, особливо з огляду на те, що ця доктрина є насамперед ідейним, світоглядно-ціннісним конструктом, що впливає на індивідуальний та суспільний світогляд, патерни мислення, дискурсу, мотивують до конкретних дій, емоцій, масових стереотипів, переконань, упереджень. Аналіз доктрини «Русского мира» у перспективі ідей, які вона містить і (...) які циркулюють у публічному просторі, є основним предметом дослідження цієї доктрини, натомість предметом цієї статті є аналіз методологічних проблем, які виникають під час такого дослідження. У статті аналізуються проблеми дисциплінарного порядку, визначення об’єкта дослідження (чим є «Русский мир»), виокремлюються різні види доктрини, окремі моделі і техніки легітимації проекту (творення доктрини) та його поширення. (shrink)

The formation and circumstances of Ukrainian military emigration in Germany in 1918-1939 are taken into consideration in this article. Ukrainian emigration in Germany between the wars had different origins and diverse character. By origin it can be divided into three groups. The first group consisted of Ukrainian soldiers released from German POW camps for the former Russian army, who for various reasons had not returned to Ukraine. The second one included military men of Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State and Galician (...) Army who emigrated to Germany after the defeat of the national liberation struggle of 1917-1921. The third group contained deserters from the Polish army who did not want to serve in the hostile armed forces. The Ukrainian military emigration conventionally included former officers of the Ukrainian army, who were of German origin but born in Ukraine. They went to Austria and Germany for permanent residence, where they maintained contacts with the Ukrainian liberation movement. Former Ukrainian soldiers who lived in Danzig were in close connection with emigration in Germany. In the interwar period that city had the status of "free", but it was under serious political and economic influence of Germany. In general, military emigration in Germany was not numerous and consolidated. But former Ukrainian soldiers who were there, created separate environments related to their new professional status, different political orientations or participation in military organizations. Some of them, especially officers of the Ukrainian army, rallied around Hetman Pavlo Skoropadski, dictator Ieuhen Petrushevych and Colonel Ieuhen Konovalets, in various ways, were involved in the continuation of Ukrainian national liberation struggle in exile in the interwar period. (shrink)

The Soviet ideology treated natural science as one of its cornerstones and provided the state support for philosophical studies of science. Their main aims were to prove its intellectual superiority and to demonstrate its scientific character. Do these studies have some positive results and resources for surviving in post-Soviet times? The chapter gives the overview of present situation in Ukrainian analytical studies of science and indicates some perspectives of their developments. Some of these are connected with a careful structure-nominative analysis (...) of real scientific knowledge systems and relations between them. -/- Ideology and philosophical studies of science Complexity of scientific knowledge systems Components and structures of knowledge systems -/- . (shrink)

In this article, Volodymyr Yermolenko examines the power of ideas to shape social and political events. He is particularly interested in the way misguided or false ideas about Russian and Ukrainian history and politics have contributed to the current Russia-Ukraine war. He also reflects on the way this war has transformed his understanding of some key philosophical concepts, including life, death, and social solidarity.

У статті розглянуто теоретичний доробок відомого сучасного богослова й дослідника Нового Заповіту Річарда Хейза. Показано, що вчений використовує Писання як підставу для етичного дискурсу і трансформації громади народу Божого в наші дні й пропонує проводити творчі аналогії між оповіддю текстів й оповіддю, яку проживає церква в зовсім інших історичних обставинах. Відзначено новаторський підхід Річарда Хейза до опису новозавітної етики на тлі змін у розумінні новозавітних листів, включаючи перехід від екзегетичних спроб витягти затвердження "істини" на підставі листів Павла до дослідження богослов'я (...) Павла як діалогічного перетину з певними історичними обставинами. Тобто автор представляє послання Павла як герменевтичну модель і закликає своїх читачів ставитися до послань апостола, немовби вони адресовані особисто їм. Виявлено декілька напрямків дослідження Р. Хейзом герменевтики послань Павла: наративна підструктура в Писанні, інтертекстуальний підхід до розуміння використання Старого Заповіту на сторінках Нового, вплив герменевтичних підходів у розумінні питань етики Нового Заповіту. (shrink)

Language has traditionally been an important marker of Ukrainian identity which, due to a lack of independent statehood, has been ethnic rather than civic. The contradictory policies of the Soviet regime produced a large discrepancy between ethnocultural identity and language use. In independent Ukraine this discrepancy persisted, as increased identification with the Ukrainian nation was not accompanied by a commensurate increase in the use of the Ukrainian language, even though the latter was predominantly valued as a symbol of nationhood. The (...) Euromaidan and the subsequent Russian aggression further detached language use from national identity, as many Russian speakers came to identify strongly with the inclusive Ukrainian nation without abandoning their accustomed language or even adding Ukrainian as an active part of their communicative repertoire. The post-Maidan leadership refrained from an active promotion of Ukrainian for fear of provoking alienation among Russian speakers, but this policy exacerbates the disadvantaged position of the titular language in various domains and causes discontent among those viewing it as a crucial component of national identity. (shrink)

The article of Volodymyr Moroz ―Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation - is devoted to the analysis of Catholic Church’s Teaching over the human dignity. Author explores also the process of settling of the principles of common good, subsidiarity and solidarity in the Teaching of Catholic Church. Mentioned principles are investigated in the case of orientation to provide a reverence to transcendent human dignity. Author sums up that all three (...) principles have normative character. That is to say the principles are called to guarantee certain coordination between the social reality and the verities, which were declared by the Social doctrine of the Church. (shrink)

This article examines the issues of social (re)integration in Ukraine, which were actualized during the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014-2022. The first part of the article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical issues related to the conceptualization of social integration in the social sciences and the role of the state in reproducing social relations. The author assumes that during the last decades, ideas about the role of the state in these processes have changed significantly, which was caused by the departure (...) of the governments of developed democratic countries from the policy of the welfare state. This caused a reorientation of the state towards policies of inclusion, that is, targeted support and assistance to the most vulnerable social strata. The second part of the article is devoted to the consideration of the processes of social integration of migrants and refugees during the war in Ukraine. The author concludes that during the first full-scale invasion, processes of rethinking one's own national identity intensified in Ukrainian society. The armed confrontation and the catastrophic consequences caused by it contributed to the nationwide consolidation of Ukrainians and neutralized socio-cultural differences, which for a long time became the cause of political opposition and electoral divisions. Instead, the long stay of part of the territory and citizens of Ukraine under occupation under conditions of repressive and propaganda pressure, violent mobilization to the armed forces of the self-proclaimed republics and participation in the armed confrontation on the side of the occupiers revealed new divisions between Ukrainians who were on different sides of the front line. These divisions will obviously become an obstacle to the successful reintegration of Ukrainians after de-occupation, which will require a balanced and careful integration policy from the state authorities during the post-war reconstruction. (shrink)

The phenomenon of Eastern Christian rite has become an object of religious studies in recent years. This phenomenon is of interest to the scientific community because it is the result of the development of theological concepts, which, being theoretically expressed in collections of Christian dogmas and canons, have found their practical reflection in cultic church and extracurricular activities. Some historical events have been found in it. Investigating the rite, we can trace the peculiarities of the development of society, the reflection (...) of a certain era. (shrink)

The article considers the history of implementation and evolution of Accusatory theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy. The author shows the place where the controversy with other religions and other Christian denominations took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy after the introduction of the Statute of the religious schools of 1808–1814 in Kyiv. The article deals with the content of the lecture courses of Archbishop Smaragd, Archimandrite Antonin, Bishop Sylvester, Philip Ternovsky, and Bishop Augustine. The author shows (...) that the Accusatory theology was not an independent academic discipline at first, but it was part of the general course of theology. For the first time, lectures on accusatory theology were given in Kyiv in 1823. On the recommendation of the Commission of theological schools, teachers of this discipline were to use the book of the German Lutheran theologian Johann Ernst Schubert «Institutionum Theologiae polemicae» during the preparation of lectures. Comparison of this book with the lectures of hieromonk Smaragd shows that the work of the German theologian was used by the Kyiv teacher quite selectively. Next, the article shows how in the following decades the content of the course of accusatory theology varied, depending on the general situation in theological education in the Russian Empire. In particular, the changes that took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the 1840’s were characterized on the initiative of the Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod, Mykola Protasov. The author drew attention to the personal preferences of professors who found a reflection in their curriculum in Accusatory theology. In particular, Bishop Sylvester in his course substantially expanded the controversy with the latest philosophical currents that opposed Christianity. Instead, Philip Ternovsky and Bishop Augustine actively used the historical method, resulting in their courses representing the history of the controversy of the Orthodox Church with its various opponents. In the 1860’s, when a large-scale reform of theological education was being prepared in the Russian Empire, the idea of a radical revision of the accusatory theology teaching concept was heard at the Kyiv Theological Academy. At the same time, some professors even advocated the abolition of accusatory theology as an independent discipline and for joining it to the course of church history. Special attention is paid to the fact that the courses of accusatory theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy in the nineteenth century were based on typical contemporary ecclesiology and soteriology of that time. The purpose of the course was seen not in the equal dialogue with opponents, but in revealing their mistakes and attempts to convert them to the Orthodox Church. Article received 03.07.2019. (shrink)

The article aims at studying the economic processes of developing national market of resort services in a historical perspective. The theoretical conceptualization of the market of resort services has been conducted, the basic economic backgrounds of its formation has been defined basing on a comprehensive assessment of researches of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article has analyzed the institutional framework of a resort services market in the realities of a mixed model of the national economy. The issues of financial security (...) of resort treatment and rehabilitation in the conditions of a market and anti-market of Ukrainehave been studied. The problem of economic inefficiency of planning and distribution system to ensure the proper level of reproduction of human capital has been outlined. It has been established that the spa and resort sector of Ukraine is characterized by the transformation of the economy reflecting the changes of public vectors of a state-formationthat affect differently entrepreneurship, private and state property, principles and ways of funding spa treatment and rehabilitation of the population. The results of the study enable to formulate the basic economic conditions of formation of the national market of spa and resort services: a significant level of economic utilization of natural recreational resources, development of infrastructure for spa treatment and rehabilitation of people; revival of institutional norms of sanatorium and resort business on the principles of private property, entrepreneurship and competition. Further research should be conducted as to develop anti-crisis trends in a governmental regulation of the national market of resort services in Ukraine, transformation of quasi-marketsystem of spa and resort services into a socially oriented system of market relations that meet the demands of a modern Ukrainian society. (shrink)

The article explores the nature, purpose and means of influencing the public consciousness of the "Russian world" phenomenon. The origins of the project, the course of its implementation in the intellectual and power circles of Russian society are shown. It is proved that as an instrument of global competition, the "Russian world" project is an alternative to the Western project of cultural development and can be quite effective. The author concludes that under any development of events the perspective of thinking (...) that opens within the paradigm of the "Russian world", taking into account its relevance in modern Russia, consolidating the potential and influence on the perception and interpretation of contemporary and historical events, will remain a weighty factor in shaping Russia's policy in the coming years. (shrink)

У статті автор досліджує місце й роль релігійно мотивованих смислів і цінностей у російській думці на межі XIX-XX ст. як передумову формування атеїстичної ідеології Радянського Союзу. Обґрунтовано, що створення СРСР супроводжувалось конструюванням культурної традиції, яка відповідала запитам різних народів; були сформульовані вимоги до "радянської культури і радянської людини". Цю культурну традицію, реалізовану в радянській практиці, пропонується розуміти як нову артикуляцію "російської ідеї". Характерним інструментом її впровадження була атеїстична ідеологія, передумови формування якої автор статті вбачає в релігійних пошуках російської інтелігенції на (...) межі XIX-XX століть, зокрема в її "секуляризованих" уявленнях про обраний народ та його особливу місію, які згодом склали серцевину радянського ідеологічного наративу. (shrink)

У статті досліджено становлення нафто- й газовидобувних центрів на Гуцульщині в другій половині ХІХ - першій третині ХХ ст. та їхнє значення для господарського розвитку краю. Детально описано три головні центри нафтової промисловості: Битків-Пасічна, Слобода Рунгурська та Космач. Виділено три періоди нафтовидобутку: 1-й - XVI ст. - 1860 р., 2-й - 1860-1884 рр., 3-й - 1884-1939 рр.

The manual represents the evolution of the concept of law from antiquity to the end of XX century. It also describes some important Anglo-American directions in the philosophy of law, which are important for developments of Ukrainian legal system (legal positivism, naturalism, realism, criticism, feminism, economical theory of law, postmodernism, etc. The main text is supplemented with excerpts from the writings on the philosophy of law, which are little known for Ukrainian readers. The audience of textbook is students, educators, jurists (...) and lawyers, legislators, and public officials. -/- Contents in English. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to present a description of change in the framework of tense logic. After considering some examples of using the intervals, we present the main principles of the logic of inconsistent reasoning. Then we built a tense interval paraconsistent semantics and discuss some of its possible applications.

У статті розглядаються основні ідеї метафізики видатного американського логіка та філософа Чарльза Пірса. Показано, що значну частину його «наукової метафізики» становить еволюційна космологія, що характеризується, зокрема, істотною роллю випадковості у світі. Серед інноваційних ідей еволюційної космології вирізняється ідея хаотичного початку Універсуму. У статті показано, що ця ідея перегукується з деякими сучасними проблемами квантово-релятивістської космології, і насамперед із проблемами, як і раніше, популярної «інфляційної моделі», в якій ідея хаотичного початку еволюції Всесвіту є однією з центральних.Метою цієї статті є визначення низки паралелей (...) між «науковою метафізикою» Пірса та інфляційними космологічними моделями.Методом дослідження є проведення порівняльного аналізу сценарію еволюції Всесвіту з еволюційної космології Пірса – з одного боку, та сценарію еволюції Всесвіту в інфляційній моделі – з іншого боку, на основі виявлення загального елемента обох сценаріїв хаотичного початку еволюції Всесвіту. В результаті були виявлені зазначені вище паралелі.У першому підрозділі «Детермінізм та «наукова метафізика» Ч. Пірса» коротко відзначені ті філософські течії, які найбільше вплинули на формування та еволюцію поглядів Пірса. Розглянуто деякі загальні питання детермінізму як філософської течії про впорядкованість у світі. Зокрема, також розглянуто питання про співвідношення необхідності та випадковості у детермінізмі, а також трактування Пірса про співвідношення цих категорій. Докладно описано задум Пірса побудувати «наукову метафізику» як альтернативу її традиційним версіям.У другому підрозділі «Еволюційна космологія в «науковій метафізиці» Пірса» обговорюється зміст його еволюційної космології як найважливішої складової його «наукової метафізики». Акцент робиться на процесі еволюції Всесвіту від її початкового хаотичного стану. Ставиться питання про нетрадиційний стосовно механістичної картині світу підхід до природи випадковості. Суть нетрадиційного немеханістичного розуміння випадковості у процесі еволюції пов’язана з конструктивним її розумінням.Третій підрозділ «Тихізм Пірса та сучасна космологія» присвячений опису зв’язку «наукової метафізики» Пірса та сучасної квантово-релятивістської космології. Дається короткий опис еволюції сучасної квантово-релятивістської космології та становлення в її рамках інфляційних моделей. Також коротко дається її зміст та аналіз сценарію еволюції Всесвіту, починаючи з хаотичного стану.Знайдені паралелі сприятимуть поглибленню наукової картини світу, зокрема – прогресивному впливу конструктивного розуміння випадковості, особливо в еволюційних процесах.У такому контексті представлені паралелі здійснені, наскільки нам відомо, вперше як у вітчизняній, так і в зарубіжній літературі. (shrink)

The article deals with the socio-political processes in Greek villages of Northern Azov region that happened in UNR at the period ofCentral Rada. The author identifies the problem of political struggle which took place among Greek-peasants at the boundary of 1917-1918. The questions of national cultural revival, the problems of agrarian relations in Greek villages community are highlighted.

У статті проаналізовано дискусійне питання щодо періодизації Національно-визвольної війни українського народу середини ХVІІ ст. Розглянуто критерії визначення хронологічних меж цих доленосних подій української історії. Порівнюються погляди вітчизняних істориків на проблему періодизації Національно-визвольної війни.

The author studies the I. Franko's views upon the national ideal of the Ukrainian state development and the role of intelligentsia in national idea realization.

In the author's article Volodymyr Hurzhy "The current state of the project "Russkyi mir" and the consequences of its implementation in Ukraine" interprets the project "Russian measure" as a new form of the Russian national idea, which always had a relational-mythological core and was associated with ideas about choices Russian people. From the ideological point of view, the doctrine of the "Russkyi mir" is an option of a religiously motivated ideology appealing to the Orthodox values, specifically meaningful Russian history, (...) the Russian language as a marker of the territories to which the project is directed. These parameters make it possible to identify the "Russkyi mir" doctrine as one of the options for post-secular global religious-political projects. The vast majority of Soviet rituals and practices were "absorbed" by the "Russkyi mir" and continue to be preserved and function in modern Russia in the 21st century in a re-imagined form. But now, with the loss of sacrality of the first of the key Soviet holidays - the Day of the October Revolution - the function of "the beginning of a new world" took over the holiday of the Victory Day. This function is enshrined in the collective memory of the people through the annual military parades, the historical reconstruction of the key battles of the Second World War, the spread and consolidation in the public consciousness of the thought of determining the role of the Russian people in gaining victory over Hitler's Germany as an absolute evil. Constantly reproducing an existentially marginal situation, the state affects the key need of its citizens in the sense of global security. These representations in total show new technologies for the deployment of conflict situations, based on global competition in the plane of values. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the review of history of homiletics as a science in the Kyiv theological tradition. On the basis of the analysis of the first domestic work on the theory of the sermon, made by Yoanykyi Haliatovskyi, process of influence of the Catholic baroque sermon on original homiletics in Kyiv in 17th century is shown. The article also analyzes homiletic views of an archbishop Theofan Prokopovych, who sought to reform the domestic church sermon, depriving it of the (...) extremes of Baroque literature. The author discusses contribution of professors Yakiv Amfiteatrov and archpriest Nazariі Favorov to homiletics as a science in Kyiv Theological Academy in 19th century. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the Professor Vasyl Pevnytskyi’s views who criticized the traditional approaches in Orthodox homiletics. In particular, Professor Pevnytskyi rejected the view on homiletics as a purely practical discipline, designed to provide students with knowledge about the preparation and delivery of the sermon. He believed that homiletics should not teach the method of preparing a sermon, but morally educate preachers. Pevnytskyi offered to rename homiletics to “spiritual literature” and introduced a historical method in its teaching. The course of “spiritual literature” had to show students how the living word influenced people and changed the world. Consequently, homiletics should turn into an analytical history of spiritual literature. The poetics shares the opinion of a number of Protestant theologists that success of the sermon does not depend on the perfection of its external form, but on how deeply a preacher captures the truth. He attributed the decisive feature of the preaching word not to abstract rules of drafting and preaching, but to a special inner inspiration of the preacher. Similar opinions were observed, in particular, in Protestant thinkers such as Philip Jacob Schpener, Franz Theremin, and Friedrich Schleiermacher. Prof. Pevnytskyi tried to creatively rethink their ideas. An alternative to scholasticism he saw in the holy tradition. It was on the foundation of patrician homiletic heritage that Pevnytskyi aimed to build a new course in homiletics. (shrink)

In the article, a little-studied question of the critical interpretation of the philosophical and psychological position of the representative of Scotland tradition James Mill in the university philosophy, especially in the work of Kharkiv Professor Fedor Zelenogorskii is presented. At first, the main periods of scientific and creative career of Fedor Zelenogorskii, including his studying at the Kazan Clerical Academy and the historical-philosophical faculty at the Kazan University are considered. Then his scientific internship from 1871 till 1873 in Germany and (...) Switzerland is emphasized. During that period, he attended lectures of such famous Professors as Moritz Drobisch, Eduard Zeller, Friedrich Albert Lange, who was the author of the work “Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart”. Then the features of the teaching and the publications of Fedor Zelenogroskii in his “Kharkiv period” are pointed out, during which he was, at first, private docent, then extraordinary and ordinary professor of philosophy. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s works at this time comprise three areas: 1) Antique philosophy, 2) works in the history of philosophy, for instance, Kharkiv university philosophy and Ukrainian philosophy, 3) logic, psychology and pedagogic. In the last group, his doctoral monograph “On mathematical, metaphysical, inductive and critical research and proof methods” was of great importance. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s very important work was his monograph “Essay of Development of Psychology from Descartes to our Time”. The positions of well-known philosophers and less-known thinkers were here analyzed. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s critical interpretation of the psychological viewpoint of James Mill in his two volumes work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind” occupies an important place in this analysis. According to him, Chapter III. “The Association of Ideas” of James Mill's work played a key role. James Mill appears here as a representative of associative psychology. The Kharkiv philosopher gave credit to James Mill for his contribution to the development of the causal law in Chapter “XXIV. The Will” of this work. In turn, Fedor Zelenogorskii’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of the Scotland philosopher and psychologist James Mill, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from the work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind”. (shrink)

У статті виконано філософсько-релігієзнавчий аналіз учення митрополита Антонія Сурозького - одного з найвидатніших і найвпливовіших православних теологів XX століття. Антоній доводить, що людська екзистенція зберігає власну ідентичність лише у випадку зв'язку з Богом, тобто у випадку власної релігійності. Цей зв'язок є багатовимірним і включає в себе віру як духовне знання "невидимого", релігійний досвід як подію зустрічі з Богом, пізнання себе та церковної спільноти у світлі знання Христа, розуміння власної особистої та загальної світської історії у світлі священної історії.

У статті розглядається адміністративно-територіальний поділ Галичини та Буковини російською окупаційною владою в період Першої світової війни. Простежується декілька періодів російської окупації території краю в 1914-1918 рр. та політика царського уряду щодо цих земель. Висвітлюється спрямування політики російської окупації та підкреслюється факт створення Обласного комісаріату Галичини й Буковини.

У статті досліджено рекреаційне господарство Галичини другої половини XIX - першої третини ХХ ст. Комплексно охарактеризовано основні галузі, що становили основу рекреації та туризму, проаналізовано динаміку відпочиваючих, систему оплати оздоровлення та санаторно-курортне господарство, систему гірських притулків краю загалом. Показано, що туризм і відпочинок були важливим джерелом доходів мешканців Галичини, що дозволило краю отримати належне ставлення як із боку держави, так і з боку справжніх поціновувачів та любителів природи й етнографічних особливостей. Констатовано, що саме в цей період було побудовано розвинуту туристичну (...) та оздоровчу інфраструктуру, яка мала набагато більші масштаби, ніж у сучасних Україні та Польщі. (shrink)