Context: Meeting Ernst von Glasersfeld for the first time in 1985, when about 70% of his work had still to be conceived, written and published, was a great stroke of fortune for me; it was based on my collaboration with Silvio Ceccato that had started in 1981 and it profoundly influenced my contributions to radical constructivism in the following 25 years of our friendship. Problem: Presenting the details of how it all began can shed a light on the development of (...) constructivist ideas. Method: Anecdotes from 1979 to 1985 about how I came to meet Silvio Ceccato in Milan in 1981 and the influence of these events on preparing the 1985 meeting with Ernst von Glasersfeld, also in Milan. Results: The article describes the timeline of 50 years of publications by von Glasersfeld, an anecdote about a connection between Ceccato and the University of Zurich in the 60s, the attempt to present Ceccato’s ideas as compatible and complementary with the neuroscience discourse in 1985, von Glasersfeld’s opinion about this attempt, and this attempt’s potential influence on the emergence of a new concept in neuroscience, “EEG microstates.” Implications: The events and facts reported in the article help us to understand some aspects of an early phase in the development of radical constructivism, especially the relationship between Ceccato, von Glasersfeld and other members of the Italian Operational School such as Bruna Zonta, Felice Accame, and the author himself. (shrink)

There are three principal philosophical-scientific encyclopaedias written in Hebrew during the Middle Ages: Yehudah ha-Cohen's Midrash ha-okmah, rather than such texts as pseudo-Aristotle 's De lapidibus and Nicolaus Damascenus' De plantis. In particular, Falaquera's encyclopaedia represents the most convincing effort to provide a truly scientific discussion of mineralogy and botany, comparable to that of his contemporary Albert the Great, and based upon the Brethren, Avicenna and, maybe, some lost works by Averroes.

Entrevista com Martin Jay (Universidade de Berkeley, Califórnia), por Bruna Della Torre e Eduardo Altheman.

The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the hygienic-sanitary conditions of two Units of Food and Nutrition (UANs) (A and B) located in two municipalities of the Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, by means of Ordinance No. 78/2009, which established the Checklist of Good Practices for Food Services. This legislation composes a checklist with 153 criteria distributed in 12 categories. Each criterion is endowed with the options "Yes", "No" and "NA" (not applicable), which were marked (...) with an "x", being: "NA" when the criterion did not correspond to the UAN reality, "No" when the criteria were not in compliance with the legislation, and "Yes" when UAN met the evaluation criteria legislation. The classification of each UAN followed the scoring criteria established by RDC 275/2002. The a UAN presented a total of 90.85% (n = 129) of compliance and the "B" UAN totaled 88.27% (n = 128) of compliance. Both were classified in Group 1 of DRC 275/2002. The "A" UAN presented 05 nonconforming categories, totaling 13 criteria (9.15%), and Unit B 08 nonconforming categories, totaling 17 criteria (11.72%). Both UANs had good hygienic-sanitary conditions because they met most of the criteria in accordance with the legislation. (shrink)

Em seu livro Mente e Mundo John McDowell pretende superar a oscilação entre duas abordagens que pretendem mediar à relação entre as mentes e o mundo, de um lado temos o mito do dado dizendo que os pensamentos precisam de uma coerção a partir do mundo exterior, e do outro lado temos o coerentismo que apresenta a ideia de que apenas uma crença pode justificar outra crença. Para defender sua abordagem e naturalizar as capacidades conceituais, situando a espontaneidade na natureza (...) sem reduzi-la no interior do reino da lei. A natureza humana seria então uma segunda natureza que não é só formada a partir das capacidades adquiridas no nascimento, mas que são formadas também a partir da Bildung. Ao lançar mão dessas noções, McDowell traz a discussão das ideias de Han-Georg Gadamer sobre a experiência de abertura para o mundo através da linguagem. Deste modo, a intenção do presente artigo é de discutir sobre as implicações das noções de Bildung e segunda natureza na obra de McDowell buscando um maior esclarecimento a partir da influência e das interpretações de Gadamer. (shrink)

El presente volumen retoma en la actualidad la doctrina medieval del Logos, que fundamenta el mundo en la inteligencia creadora de Dios, cimentando y superando a la vez dos horizontes temáticos en la antigüedad (platónico y aristotélico). La relación entre palabra creadora y mundo creado funda, por una parte, la inteligibilidad del ser finito en general; y por otra, el propio lenguaje de la persona humana y su acción moral.

Unico testimone superstite della disputa sugli universali fra i filosofi ebrei Shemuel di Marsiglia e Gersonide è il Supercommentario al Commento medio di Averroè all'Isagoge e alle Categorie di Yehudah ben Yishaq Cohen, redatto probabilmente in Provenza verso la metà del '400, dopo che Yehudah ebbe ascoltato a Bologna una disputa pubblica sul tema degli universali. Dopo aver esaminato la struttura di questo testo e le sue fonti, tra le quali si segnalano Pietro Aureoli e Gentile da Foligno, l'A. si (...) sofferma sul rapporto di Gersonide con la scolastica contemporanea, soprattutto Scoto e Ockham, le cui tesi secondo l'A. furono probabilmente apprese da Gersonide durante il suo soggiorno ad Avignone. La parte terza dello studio è dedicata a Shemuel ben Yehudah, traduttore di Averroè e logico vissuto in Provenza nella prima metà del '300. La quarta parte del contributo entra nel merito della polemica sugli universali attraverso una lettura commentata del testo, di cui sono tradotti ampi passaggi. (shrink)

Este artículo explora la centralidad de la novela de Marcel Proust À la Recherche du temps perdu en la crítica literaria de Walter Benjamin. Celebrando el centenario del Instituto de Investigación Social, reevalúa cómo Benjamin se relacionó con la obra de Proust y destaca la importancia del arte y la literatura para una Teoría Crítica radical. Para Benjamin, Proust es un escritor subversivo que trasciende la novela como género y subvierte la relación entre la novela y el tiempo a través (...) del recuerdo. La Recherche también es una fuerza poderosa para la teoría crítica de Benjamin. Por lo tanto, el artículo aborda además la presencia de temas proustianos en sus reflexiones sobre la historia y la revolución. (shrink)

Nos encontros com pesquisadoras(es), o processo de revisão de literatura e pesquisas feministas com/na Educação Matemática, emergem algumas considerações sobre a importância de tomar a revisão de literatura como constituinte do fazer pesquisa. Uma revisão de literatura feminista não e simplesmente um procedimento de revisão de literatura a ser aplicado em pesquisas que se intitulam feministas. Ao invés disso, mobilizando conceitos teórico-metodológicos feministas, como conhecimento situado e afeto enquanto um dispositivo para se operar no/com o fenômeno, nós propomos uma ideia (...) diferente. A revisão de literatura feminista pode ser vista-experienciada como um importante território para criar relações-encontros com ambos pesquisas e pesquisadoras(es). Ela permite nos aproximarmos de modos outros de entender-fazer pesquisa em emaranhamentos com a literatura, práticas matemáticas, feminismos, seres humanos, linguagens, mecanismos de busca, etc. Nesse território, nos afetamos e somos afetados pela literatura, e esses encontros abrem portas para direções-conexões outras. Dessa maneira, nos criamos possibilidades para nos afastar de normas patriarcais excludentes na academia. (shrink)

The title of the present article underlines the investigation of one of the central theses of Polo about creation, explicitly developed in the first volume of Transcendental Anthropology. Polo’s theory studies the creature regarding its act of being qua created, therefore as distinct from the uncreated Being.

The paper focuses on conceptual images of the market built on the core idea of equilibrium. It argues that logical difficulties and dead ends were encountered in building equilibrium models of the market. A heavy toll was paid in loss of realism, failure to understand history, and ineptitude in addressing relevant problems. Equilibrium economics is marked by the exclusion of a wide range of economic phenomena, with a codified lack of attention to change, transition and learning. The loss of relevance (...) involved was a consequence of the primitive idea of conceiving of the market within the semantic field of equilibrium. The most evident failure of the equilibrium imagery was in understanding economic development as a process of social and structural change in history. The paper argues that is time to free economic theory from the obsessive centrality of the equilibrium idea. Attention should shift to the market economy as a complex network of rules, organizations and institutions, which make viable economic change. This approach invites scholars in economics to a fruitful dialogue with other fields of knowledge, to understand both crises and successes in processes of economic change.L’article traite des images conceptuelles du marché construites à partir de l’idée d’équilibre. Il est suggéré que la construction des modèles d’équilibre du marché a souffert de difficultés logiques et a aboutit à des impasses. Il en a résulté une perte de réalisme, et une incapacité à comprendre l’histoire et à aborder les questions pertinentes. L’économie de l’équilibre est caractérisée par l’exclusion d’un grand nombre de phénomènes économiques mais aussi par un manque d’attention au changement, à la transition, et à l’apprentissage. Le manque de pertinence qui en découle est le résultat de l’idée primitive de concevoir le marché dans le champ sémantique de l’équilibre. L’échec le plus évident de l’image d’équilibre réside dans la compréhension du développement économique comme un processus du changement social et structurel au cours de l’histoire. L’article suggère qu’il est temps de libérer la théorie économique de cette idée obsessionnelle d’équilibre. Il faut plutôt concevoir le marché comme un réseau complexe de règles, d’organisations et d’institutions qui rendent le changement économique viable. Cette approche invite l’économie à un dialogue fructueux avec les autres domaines de la connaissance pour comprendre à la fois les crises et les réussites des processus de changement économique. (shrink)

Thomas Kuhn is mostly known for his contributions to the philosophy of science. However, it was chiefly to investigations in philosophy of language that he dedicated the last part of his career. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic view of Kuhn’s main ideas on this subject. I start by describing his theory of concept, in particular what he says about kind terms. Such terms, acquired in blocks that form contrast sets or “taxonomies,” are learned through ostensible (...) definitions. Next, I analyze Kuhn’s concepts of “meaning” and “truth.” Finally, I discuss a second type of kinds terms, not fully investigated by him, which is learned together with scientific laws. Resumo Thomas Kuhn é conhecido principalmente por suas contribuições para a filosofia da ciência. No entanto, foi em grande medida à filosofia da linguagem que ele dedicou a última parte de sua carreira. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão sistemática das principais ideias de Kuhn sobre esse assunto. Começo descrevendo sua teoria do conceito, em particular o que ele diz sobre termos para espécie. Tais termos, aprendidos em blocos que formam conjuntos de contraste ou “taxonomias”, são aprendidos através de definições ostensivas. Em seguida, analiso as concepções de Kuhn de “significado” e “verdade”. Finalmente, discuto um segundo tipo de termo para espécies, não totalmente investigado por ele, que é aprendido junto com as leis científicas. (shrink)

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer as percepções, as expectativas e os conhecimentos de puérperas em relação à experiência do parto normal, assim como os procedimentos utilizados pelos profissionais da saúde para a humanização do parto. Foram entrevistadas 31 puérperas que passaram pela parturição..

An efficient assessment of reading and linguistic abilities in school children requires reliable and valid measures. Moreover, measures which include specific test forms for different academic grade levels, that are vertically equated, allow the direct comparison of results across multiple time points and avoid floor and ceiling effects. Two studies were conducted to achieve these goals. The purpose of the first study was to develop tests of reading and listening comprehension in European Portuguese, with vertically scaled test forms for students (...) in the fifth and sixth grades, using Rasch model analyses. The purpose of the second study was to collect evidence for the validity of these tests based on the relationships of test scores with other variables. The samples included 454 and 179 students for the first and second study, respectively. The data from both studies provided evidence for good psychometric characteristics for the test forms: unidimensionality and local independence, as well as adequate reliability and evidence of validity. The developed test forms are an important contribution in the Portuguese educational context as they allow for the assessment of students’ performance in these skills across multiple time points and can be used both in research and practice. (shrink)

Questo volume su Metafore dello spazio, che fa seguito al primo dedicato a La politica e gli spazi, fa parte della serie dedicata ad illustrare i risultati di un gruppo di studio interdisciplinare, promosso da Lea Campos Boralevi, Vittore Collina e Bruna Consarelli, docenti di Storia delle Dottrine politiche, intitolato Figure dello spazio, politica e società, che mira ad indagare i grandi temi politici e sociali dell'età moderna e contemporanea dal punto di vista degli spazi e della loro produzione.

This article exposes the neoplatonic element present in the metaphysics of causality elaborated in the seventeenth century by Leibniz. It explains this question in relation with medieval Neoplatonism, whose metaphysics of the Verb appears as the nucleus of the explanation of the relationship between causality and otherness.

This paper stresses Saint Josemaria's teaching on serenity, within the background of his doctrine on the filial condition of man created at God's image. Serenity is acquired by means of a special endeavour of inteligence and will in order to fully embrace and reconcile human conduct to the Creator's proposal of truth to all mankind.

Professor Steven Harvey has honored us with a 28-page critique of our 2012 paper, “Avicenna among medieval Jews.” In our opinion, his text is wanting in both form and substance.

The economic crisis happening across the world over the last few years describes a range of interdependencies and interactions,and has highlighted the fundamentalf laws of neoclassical economic theory: its unedifying focus on prediction and, above all, its inability to explain how the economy really works. As such, it is increasingly recognised that economic phenomena cannot be exclusively investigated as being derived from deterministic, predictable and mechanistic dynamics. Instead, a new approach is required by which history-dependence, organic and ever-evolving processes are (...) also accounted for. As this view implies new challenges and opportunities for policy, we will focus our attention on innovative components of Complexity Theory for the study of economics and the evaluation of public policies. (shrink)

El cambio que sufren en el kantismo [los] principios de la ontología no es sino el desenlace consecuente del proceso iniciado en los sistemas racionalistas anteriores, de los que, sin duda alguna, Kant es deudor. Aludiré aquí a Leibniz y a Wolff, centrándome en lo que considero la causa de la transformacion sugerida, esto es, la concepción de la relación entre la materia y la forma. Consiguientemente, se tratarán los puntos que a continuación se exponen: 1. El enclavamiento kantiano de (...) la forma en la subjetividad humana. 2. Formas sustanciales, entelequias y mónadas en Leibniz. 3. Formas y elementos en Wolff. (shrink)

La figura del payaso ha pasado por diferentes momentos y lecturas históricas, lo que permite considerarla como una figura arquetípica. Su papel en la sociedad históricamente fue el del ridículo, objeto de risas, pero el payaso no sólo es un ser congruente, auténtico y valiente, sino que también pued..

Here we review and discuss the link between regeneration capacity and tumor suppression comparing mammals (embryos versus adults) with highly regenerative vertebrates. Similar to mammal embryo morphogenesis, in amphibians (essentially newts and salamanders) the reparative process relies on a precise molecular and cellular machinery capable of sensing abnormal signals and actively reprograming or eliminating them. As the embryo's evil twin, tumor also retains common functional attributes. The immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining a physiological balance to provide surveillance (...) against tumor initiation or to support its initiation and progression. We speculate that susceptibility to cancer development in adult mammals may be determined by the loss of an advanced regenerative capability during evolution and believe that gaining mechanistic insights into how regenerative capacity linked to tumor suppression is postnatally lost in mammals might illuminate an as yet unrecognized route to cancer treatment. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar o impacto da metodologia da pesquisa arqueológica nas obras de Angela Davis (2016) e bell hooks (2023), respectivamente, “Mulher, Raça e Classe”, e “E eu não sou uma Mulher? Mulheres negras e feminismo”, que buscam reexaminar, de modo imersivo, a experiência e luta contra a violência da escravidão na história de mulheres negras. As intelectuais feministas negras estadunidenses abrem as portas para um pensamento científico menos tolerante à misoginia, ao racismo, e outras formas de (...) violências relacionais e institucionais, de modo a romper com a tradição da historiografia positivista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, que contempla a análise crítica das referidas obras, com base no método filosófico pautado na investigação histórica de Michel Foucault (2008). Ressalta-se, então, a importância do reconhecimento dessas literaturas enquanto estimadas representantes e invasoras da arqueologia do saber, e a relevância de novas produções que possibilitem uma representação social coerente com a realidade dos discursos sobre a mulher negra, contribuindo para uma narrativa histórica contada pela pessoa oprimida, no intuito de abrir frestas para o efetivo rompimento com as epistemologias que legitimam e favorecem sistemas de opressão. Por meio de uma arqueologia da escravidão, para além das formações discursivas coloniais das práticas econômicas, políticas e sociais, as filósofas exploram as interconexões entre diferentes narrativas, revelando a complexa teia que sustenta as relações de poder, e como a marginalização é perpetuada. A conclusão direciona para a importância de reconhecer e valorizar as experiências das mulheres negras, destacando a necessidade de dar voz a essas narrativas historicamente silenciadas. (shrink)

The reception of Avicenna by medieval Jewish readers presents an underappreciated enigma. Despite the philosophical and scientific stature of Avicenna, his philosophical writings were relatively little studied in Jewish milieus, be it in Arabic or in Hebrew. In particular, Avicenna's philosophical writings are not among the “Hebräische Übersetzungen des Mittelalters” – only very few of them were translated into Hebrew. As an author associated with a definite corpus of writings, Avicenna hardly existed in Jewish philosophy in Hebrew. Paradoxically, however, some (...) of Avicenna's most distinctive ideas were widely known and embraced by Jewish philosophers. This is the phenomenon that we dub Avicennian knowledge without Avicenna. In contrast with the philosophical treatises, Avicenna's medical writings were widely and intensively studied by Jews, especially in Hebrew, and remained influential until at least the seventeenth century. The present article presents a comprehensive picture of Avicenna's reception within medieval Jewish cultures in both Arabic and Hebrew and tries to explain the Jews’ complex attitude to Avicenna.La réception d'Avicenne par les érudits juifs médiévaux présente une énigme dont on n'a pas encore pris toute la mesure. Malgré la grande stature scientifique et philosophique d'Avicenne, ses écrits philosophiques ont été peu connus des savants juifs, que ce soit en arabe ou en hébreu. Ils n'ont guère fait partie des “Hebräische Übersetzungen des Mittelalters” – peu seulement ont été traduits en hébreu. En tant qu’auteur associé à un corpus de textes, Avicenne n'existe presque pas dans la philosophie juive en hébreu. Paradoxalement cependant, certaines des idées les plus caractéristiques d'Avicenne étaient bien connues et acceptées par des philosophes juifs. Nous appelons ce phénomène savoir avicennien sans Avicenne. Contrairement aux écrits philosophiques, les ouvrages médicaux d'Avicenne, eux, étaient lus et utilisés par les juifs, notamment en traductions hébraïques, et ce jusqu'au xviie siècle. Cet article présente un tableau général de la réception d'Avicenne, en arabe et en hébreu, dans les différentes cultures juives et il tente d'expliquer l'attitude complexe des savants juifs vis-à-vis d'Avicenne.Send article to KindleTo send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS THE RECEPTION OF AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL WRITINGS IN JEWISH CULTURES, EAST AND WESTVolume 22, Issue 2Gad Freudenthal and Mauro Zonta DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000033Your Kindle email address Please provide your Kindle email.@free.kindle.com@kindle.com Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Dropbox To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox. AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS THE RECEPTION OF AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL WRITINGS IN JEWISH CULTURES, EAST AND WESTVolume 22, Issue 2Gad Freudenthal and Mauro Zonta DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000033Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Google Drive To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive. AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS THE RECEPTION OF AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL WRITINGS IN JEWISH CULTURES, EAST AND WESTVolume 22, Issue 2Gad Freudenthal and Mauro Zonta DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000033Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Export citation Request permission. (shrink)

The ‘principle of the best’ referred to the actually existing world is at the same time a ‘principle of contingency’ whenever the criterion of maximum compossibility is taken into account. As it is well known, this last criterion is that which governs God’s creative election. The paper explains this issue in the context of Leibniz’s modal ontology.