Śiḥot maran ha-Mashgiaḥ Mohari Leṿinshṭain, zatsal -- Ḥidushe torato ʻa. Mas. B.ḳ. ṿe-liḳuṭim -- Leḳeṭ mi-maʼamraṿ mi-moreshet Daṿid Heber ṿe-ʻinyene ha-shaʻah.

Entre 1805 et 1819, Maine de Biran et Ampere echangerent une correspondance si abondante, si riche, si coherente, qu'il a paru souhaitable de consacrer un volume autonome a ces documents, pour une large part restes inedits. Pour Maine de Biran, Ampere est un interlocuteur consistant, qui permet de mettre a l'epreuve les principes philosophiques elabores dans les grands textes de la maturite; il est de plus le grand artisan de la conversion a l'ontologie, operee par le philosophe autour (...) de 1813: c'est dans ces lettres que la question du noumene est posee et discutee longuement. En Maine de Biran, Ampere dispose d'un partenaire de choix, qui lui offre l'occasion de tester les diverses classifications des operations psychiques auxquelles il attache une si grande importance. (shrink)

Les textes rassembles ici marquent un tournant decisif de la philosophie biranienne: apres avoir developpe sa pensee dans les Memoires couronnes (tomes II, III, IV, VI), Maine de Biran, revenant sur ses pas, estime qu'il a laisse sans solution les problemes de la metaphysiques classiques. Il s'efforce d'y repondre a partir de son propre point de vue et elabore a cet effet ses theories de la croyance et de l'absolu: l'etre ne se reduit pas au phenomene qui le manifeste; (...) etre, ce n'est pas etre percu. C'est dans les Rapports des sciences naturelles avec la psychologie que Biran traite pour la premiere fois ces questions de maniere detaillee, ce qui l'oblige a reprendre sa distinction du sujet et de l'objet, et a revoir sa critique de Condillac et des cartesiens. On trouvera aussi dans ce volume plusieurs opuscules de la meme epoque abordant ces questions, et notamment des discours prononces a la societe philosophique qu'il animait alors. (shrink)

Ces deux tomes de la Correspondance decoupent la litterature epistolaire de Maine de Biran en deux periodes: avant la correspondance echangee avec Ampere sur la periode 1766-1804, de 1805 a 1824 les lettres se multiplient alors que commencent les echanges avec Ampere. Le volume des pieces publiees est double par rapport a ce que l'on connaissait. Des correspondants inconnus apparaissent alors que les echanges connus sont completes et revises. L'ensemble est refere a ses sources originales et a ses traditions (...) editoriales. Chaque document est accompagnes de notes historiques qui ouvrent aux commentaires. Ces pieces ont ete presentees comme une biographie epistolaire continue relative aux episodes des fonctions publiques de Maine de Biran. Elles constituent ainsi le pendant des ecrits politiques. (shrink)

On trouvera dans ce volume des textes qui refletent certains aspects de la dernieres philosophies de Maine de Biran, ainsi que de nombreux temoignages de ses lectures entre 1818 et 1823. Sa pensee se developpe selon trois perspectives: une redefinition de la philosophie a l'occasion d'une critique detaillee de Bonald (sur l'origine du langage et la definition de l'homme, notamment), une reflexion sur la morale (qui s'efforce de trouver une troisieme voie a partir de Condillac et Kant), et une (...) reprise de la tradition religieuse (Lamennais, Bossuet, Fenelon, commentaire de l'Evangile de saint Jean). Son evolution vers un platonisme de plus en plus marque, la presence croissante du christianisme peuvent se lire a travers de nombreux textes et appendices - tous inedits (sur Plotin, Proclus, saint Augustin) - ou s'elabore plus nettement le theme de la troisieme vie. (shrink)

In this essay I will argue for the existence of a Bolshevik Center, which coordinated the activities of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Social Democratic Party. This Bolshevik Center was dissolved in an intra-Bolshevik factional dispute on the eve of Lenin''s writing hisMaterialism and Empirio-Criticism. The source of the conflict in the Bolshevik Center related to disagreements over Lenin''s tactics following the 1905 revolution. The leader of the anti-Lenin opposition was Bogdanov. But the struggle over tactics could not be contained (...) in the political sphere; it spilled over to the philosophical. Lenin''sMaterialism and Empirio-Criticism was written as a refutation of Bogdanov''s philosophical thought in an attempt to drive him out of the Party. This essay will trace the events which led to the dissolution of the Bolshevik Center.In order to be able to follow the tactical debates a definition of terms to be used throughout this paper would be helpful. In terms of the strategic problems facing the Bolsheviks, as well as members of the Russian Social-Democratic Party (RSDP), in their attitude to theDuma, the word Boycott will refer to those who argued that the Bolsheviks should not participate in theDuma in any capacity. TheBoycottists maintained that the Bolsheviks should not even participate in the elections to theDuma. The wordUltimatism refers to those among the Bolsheviks who wished to participate in the ThirdDuma, but who favored the total obedience of the Russian Social-Democrats who might be elected to theDuma to the Central Committee of the Party.Ultimatism refers to the control and hegemony of the Central Committee over any social-democratic delegates who might win elections to the Third Duma.Otzovism means removing. TheOtzovists were those among the Bolsheviks, who advocated the removal of any social-democratic delegate in the ThirdDuma who disobeyed the directives of the Party Central Committee. Ultimatism andOtzovism concerned questions of Party authority. The Otzovist recommended the expulsion of any delegate in the Duma who abrogated the authority of the Party organs.Boycottism did not deal with questions of Party authority as such, but rather was fundamentally a tactical question: participation or non-participation in theDuma, e.g. parliamentarism vs revolution. (shrink)

Depuis 1820, l’intérêt de Maine de Biran pour la physiologie connaît un nouveau développement; c’est qu’il s’agit, maintenant qu’il a développé sa philosophie de l’absolu, d’harmoniser tous les domaines de son anthropologie. A cet effet, il s’appuie sur d’anciens textes, mais le fait dans un esprit nouveau, stimulé qu’il est par l’aliéniste Royer-Collard, pour qui il écrit les Nouvelles considérations sur les rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme, et par la lecture de physiologistes qu’il découvre alors, Reil, (...) dont l’analyse de la cœnesthèse l’intéresse beaucoup, Bérard, dont l’ouvrage, Doctrine des rapports du physique et du moral suscite la rédaction des Considérations sur les principes d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques, ainsi que Bertrand et Magendie.Ces deux textes sont accompagnés d’opuscules traitant de sujets de même nature, l’un particulièrement, discutant la notion d’âme sensitive chez Van Helmont. (shrink)

Avec le Memoire sur la decomposition de la pensee, ecrit en 1804 et couronne par l'Institut en 1805, on a a faire au premier expose complet de la philosophie biranienne constituee. Maine de Biran a pris la pleine mesure des implications de sa theorie du fait primitif, et s'emploie a les faire valoir dans toute leur originalite. Nous publions ici pour la premiere fois dans son integralite le memoire couronne, et nous le faisons suivre de la version remaniee durant (...) l'annee 1805, et laissee inachevee par l'auteur. La Decomposition de la pensee est precedee du Memoire sur les rapports de l'ideologie et des mathematiques, redige a la demande de Cabanis dans le dernier trimestre de 1802. (shrink)

The class of stable posets is defined and investigated. We give a forcing construction of a universe of set theory which satisfies a weak form of Martin's Axiom and $2^{\aleph_0} > \aleph_1$ and yet some propositions which follow from CH hold in this universe.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in Western society, and often results in functional and neuropsychological abnormalities. Memory impairment is one of the most significant cognitive implications after TBI. In the current study we investigated procedural memory acquisition by observational training in TBI patients. It was previously found that while practicing a new motor skill, patients engage in all three phases of skill learning–fast acquisition, between-session consolidation, and long-term retention, though their pattern of learning (...) is atypical compared to healthy participants. A different set of studies showed that training by observing a motor task, generally prompted effective acquisition and consolidation of procedural knowledge in healthy participants. The aim of our study was to (i) evaluate the potential benefit of action observation in TBI patients. (ii) Examine the possibility of general improvement in performance between the first (24 h post-training) and second (2 weeks post-training) stage of the study. (iii) Investigate the link between patients’ ability to benefit from observational learning (viaperformance gains–speed and accuracy) and common measures of injury (such as severity of injury, functional and cognitive measures).Materials and methodsPatients hospitalized after moderate to severe TBI, were trained by observation for the finger opposition sequence (FOS) motor task. They were then tested for the observation-trained sequence (A) and a similar control sequence (B), at two different time-points (24 h post-training and 2 weeks later).Results revealed(i) a significant difference in performance between the trained (A) and untrained (B) sequences, in favor of the trained sequence. (ii) An increase in performance for both sequences A and B toward the second (retention) session. (iii) The advantage for sequence A was stable and preserved also in the second session. (iv) Participants with lower moderate Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores gained more from observational-procedural learning, compared with patients with higher functional abilities.ConclusionOverall, these findings support the notion that TBI patients may achieve procedural memory consolidation and retention through observational learning. Moreover, different functional traits may predict the outcomes of observational training in different patients. These findings may have significant practical implications in the future, regarding skill acquisition methods in TBI patients. (shrink)

We study a first-price auction preceded by a negotiation stage with complete information, during which bidders may form a bidding ring. We prove that in the absence of externalities, the grand cartel forms in equilibrium, allowing ring members to gain the auctioned object for a minimal price. However, identity-dependent externalities may lead to the formation of small rings, as often observed in practice. Potential ring members may condition their participation on high transfer payments as a compensation for their expected externalities (...) if the ring forms. The cartel may therefore profitably exclude these bidders, although risking tougher competition in the auction. We also analyze ring efficiency in the presence of externalities, showing that a ring may prefer sending an inefficient member to the auction, if the efficient member exerts threatening externalities on bidders outside the ring, which in turn leads to a higher winning price. (shrink)

The “Assyrian Century,” the period of Assyrian rule in the Levant, is usually regarded as an era of prosperity and economic progress. As far as the southern Levant is concerned, this reconstruction more or less reflects the reality on the southern edge of the region—in the areas of Philistia, Judah, and Edom. But what was the situation in the northern part of the country, in the territories of the former kingdom of Israel and adjacent territories, regions that had become Assyrian (...) provinces? It is the aim of this paper to scrutinize the archaeological data from these regions in order to shed light on the settlement and demographic reality in those provinces, and furthermore to reassess Assyrian policy in the west. After summarizing previous research, the article will present the available archaeological data, which will then be compared with that from the southern part of the country in order to enable a reexamination of the Assyrian empire’s policy in the west. (shrink)

The article examines the relation between two kinds of ontological relations that hold together the building blocks of Spinoza’s metaphysics: “being in” and “affection of.” It argues that in order to speak of existence in a single sense, Spinoza equivocates on the notion of affection. On the one hand, substance is in itself in the same sense that every other existing thing is in substance. On the other hand, substance is not the affections of itself, affections of substance are not (...) related to substance in the same sense that affections of modes are related to modes, and affections of modes, which are affections of affections of substance, cannot, at least in some cases, be regarded as affections of substance. Thus, although “God is without passions,” the passions themselves exist in the same sense that God, human beings, and other modes exist, that is, in the sense that they are all in nature; but while the meaning of “being” remains the same, the meaning of “being affected,” or “feeling,” necessarily changes as the Ethics unfolds. (shrink)

Qu’est-ce qu’un conflit religieux et comment devrait-on le définir ? En quoi un tel conflit diffère-t-il des autres ? Quelles sont les variables qui le désignent comme « religieux » ? La définition d’un conflit en ces termes importe-t-elle ? Autrement dit, que nous apprend-elle sur sa nature, ses buts, ses règles, ses procédures et ses limites et, en particulier,..

La carriere de Maine de Biran, homme public, se poursuit durant toute son existence et s'il se plaint frequemment de ne pas disposer du temps indispensable pour la redaction de ses ouvrages philosophiques, c'est parce qu'il est accapare par ses taches dans la fonction publique ou dans les assemblees representatives. Il surmontera les sept regimes auquel il jura fidelite et en vint, avec la Restauration, au regime politique qui s'accordait avec ses pensees relatives a sa troisieme vie. Pour la (...) premiere fois, on disposera de ces ecrits de philosophie politique qui permettent de constater que le philosophe n'est pas un simple executant au service des gouvernements illegitimes puis legitimes. Penser son existence politique, c'est faire entrer ce large champ public dans le domaine philosophique. (shrink)