This edited volume on contextualism and pragmatics is interdisciplinary in character and contains contributions from linguistics, cognitive science and socio-pragmatics. Going beyond conventional contextual matters of truth-conditions and pragmatic intrusion, this text deals with a variety of issues including hyperbole, synonymy, reference, argumentation, schizophrenia, rationality, morality, silence and clinical pragmatics. Contributions also address the semantics/pragmatics debate and show to what extent the theory of contextualism can be applied. This volume is based on a unitary research project financed by the University (...) of Messina and appeals to students and researchers working in linguistics and the philosophy of language. (shrink)

Este trabajo busca dar cuenta de cuáles son las perspectivas sobre las prácticas lectoras que poseen los ingresantes de Psicología y presentar hallazgos en la implementación de un diseño de intervención. Los resultados evidencian perspectivas estudiantiles en las que la lectura es una herramienta de adquisición de información. Por ello, diseñamos e implementamos actividades tendientes a propiciar prácticas lectorasdialógicas.

Fernando de Azevedo - Educação e Transformação', de Maria Luiza Penna, é obra da maior relevância para os estudos sobre o Brasil de hoje. Objeto de condenação sumária por críticas tanto à esquerda, Fernando de Azevedo, por suas idéias ou por sua ação, esteve adiante da maioria dos educadores do seu tempo, levantando as bandeiras históricas da burguesia progressista e liberal. Atualíssimas são as suas indagações sobre a natureza e finalidades da educação em um Brasil em processo de transformação (...) e inserção no modo de produção capitalista como nação periférica e dependente. Por isso, o sociólogo educador teve de enfrentar a oposição daquela parte da intelligentsia que persiste, via de regra, em operar com ideologias incompatíveis com o capital industrial. Republicano e liberal, não achou impossível uma conciliação da justiça social com a liberdade, do socialismo com as idéias e instituições democráticas, nessa conciliação deverão concentrar-se todos os esforços. De um racionalismo radical, procurou pensar cada um dos problemas que lhe pareciam essenciais de modo completo, relacionando tudo com tudo, não omitindo quaisquer aspectos das questões educacionais do seu tempo. (shrink)

Transgenerational social actions are collective actions that endure over a considerable period of time and require the cooperation of multiple generations. Yet, it remains unclear what kind of obligations and rights, if any, allow actions to persist through the ages, binding future generations to be part of them. This paper proposes a way forward by considering transgenerational actions as a particular type of long-term joint commitments. Drawing on plural subject theory, I explore the conditions for membership, normativity, and justification of (...) transgenerational joint commitments, while also amending the model to address classical issues of asymmetry, non-existence, and non-reciprocity of future generations. The proposed approach meets three desiderata: transgenerational actions do not rely on individual intentions but are collective in a strong sense, they are normative in a social sense but can encourage the development of a personal moral sensitivity to transgenerationality, and they are both stable over time and flexible enough to resist paternalism through the proxy acts of representatives of future generations. (shrink)

L’argomento che si intende sviluppare nel presente intervento è quello del rapporto di reciprocità tra amore e conoscenza nella riflessione mistica di Riccardo di San Vittore, autore di alcune delle pagine più belle sulla dignità conoscitiva dell’amore nella filosofia medievale. Si metterà a fuoco come la prospettiva mistica e il linguaggio metaforico descrivano un preciso percorso conoscitivo nel quale il soggetto si assimila all’oggetto conosciuto in una dinamica che, analogicamente, riprende la relazione tra amante e amato. In particolare, assumendo come (...) note le riflessioni di Riccardo circa la contemplazione, avanzate nei libri quarto e quinto del _De arca mystica_, ci si volgerà all’approfondimento della _dimensione trinitaria_, trattata sia nello scritto sopra citato, in quanto oggetto dell’ultimo tipo di contemplazione, sia, e soprattutto, nel _De Trinitate_, in quanto _fonte e figura_ dell’amore e, dunque, del suo rapporto con la dimensione conoscitiva. Si tenterà di chiarificare la visione riccardiana circa la reciprocità di amore e conoscenza e, successivamente, si mostrerà come la _forma_ di tale rapporto sia la vita trinitaria. The topic that we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between love and knowledge in the mystical reflection of Richard of Saint Victor, author of some of the most significant pages on the cognitive dignity of love in medieval philosophy. It will focus on mystical perspective and metaphorical language and how these dimensions describe a precise cognitive strategy in which the subject is assimilated to the known object in a dynamic that takes up the relationship between lover and loved one. In particular, taking as notes the reflections of Richard about contemplation, advanced in the fourth and fifth books of _De arca mystica_, we will turn to the deepening of the Trinitarian dimension as an object of the last type of contemplation, both, and above all, in the _De Trinitate_, as a source and figure of love and, therefore, of its relationship with the cognitive dimension. An attempt will be made to clarify the Richard’s view of the reciprocity of love and knowledge and, subsequently, it will be shown how the _form _ of this relationship is the Trinitarian life. (shrink)

The aim of the present study is to focus exclusively on the Basilica scholia of John Xiphilinos: to collect and record a list of his scholia and to analyse and evaluate specific lengthy scholia of his in detail. Scholia attributed to Xiphilinos have the heading “of the nomophylax”. We also encounter scholia under the heading “of Ioannes”, and it remains doubtful whether they can also be attributed to Xiphilinos. Based on the evidence some of the scholia with the heading “of (...) Ioannes” are certainly attributed to the antecessor Ioannes Kobidas. Xiphilinos takes into account older legal material including antecessorian writings, as well as works of Athanasius of Emesa and Theodorus of Hermoupolis. Xiphilinos’ references to the rheton raise the question whether he had actually consulted manuscripts of the Digest. Arguments are brought in favour of this hypothesis. (shrink)

On Advaita philosophy and aesthetics; based on Premanikuñja of Gulābarāva, Maharaj, 1881-1915.

Study of commentary on Yogasūtra of Patañjali, work on the fundamentals of Yoga philosophy.

O artigo busca sustentar a tese de que W. Mignolo não consegue realizar seu principal objetivo: romper com padrões eurocêntricos na produção de conhecimento. Para atingir tal fim, o método empregado foi a análise imanente do livro “On Decoloniality” (2018). Foi proposto que o afastamento pretendido pelo autor não se efetiva, uma vez que sua teoria do conhecimento e solução epistemológica se configuram como uma renovação da filosofia da vida da fase imperialista. Com isso, Mignolo e sua “epistemologia de fronteiras” (...) reproduzem os aspectos essenciais daquela tendência do pensamento burguês. (shrink)

This article focuses on one of the main authors of medieval philosophy, Peter Abelard. It re-proposes the importance of the moral themes that involve aspects not only of anthropology, but also of ontology, which have not yet been thoroughly studied. For this revaluation of Abelard’s work, the study considers the ethics of relations from two aspects: one objective, God and his will, and the other subjective, man and his consciousness.

En el año 2006 se reconoció constitucionalmente la etnia diaguita como parte de los pueblos originarios de Chile. En paralelo, se generó un amplio debate que transitó desde lo político hasta lo académico, éste último haciendo referencia a los enfoques interpretativos de este fenómeno. De esta discusión surgieron diferentes terminologías para retratar este proceso, tales como la emergencia indígena y reetnificación. Sin embargo, a mi juicio, hubo un concepto que fue quedando atrás, al menos en el debate formal; el de (...) etnogénesis. El caso diaguita, entre varios, permite, entre otras muchas posibilidades de reflexión, abrir la discusión teórica para la comprensión de los resurgimientos y reivindicaciones identitarias contemporáneas. El presente artículo se propone reflexionar en torno a la pertinencia del uso del concepto de etnogénesis en la actualidad, para la comprensión de los fenómenos recientes de emergencias de nuevas identidades indígenas, similares al proceso diaguita, a través de una trayectoria crítica del término. (shrink)

In the present essay I intend to approach the racial problems of today's world, or more particularly the problem of the Negro and of his integration in multiracial societies, from the point of view of the Jungian concept of Persona.I will, of necessity, limit iny study to one national case only, that of Brazil. The use of Brazil as a particular instance for study can be easily justified. Brazil is probably the most complex multiracial society in the world and one (...) that boasts the least tensions among communities of different stock, religion or cultural background. In 8.5 million sq. km., over one hundred and twenty million people are living who speak the same language, both in the literal and the figurative sense. We believe we have been somehow more successful than the Americans in emphasizing the element of fraternity that is so fundamental to the democratic way of life. My thesis is that we have achieved such a result thanks to a very peculiar working of the archetype of the Persona. This article will try to adumbrate the construction of what one may call a collective Persona, a fa¸ade, a pattern of national behaviour which tries to overcome the problem by simply overlooking the fact that genetic differences of colour, shape and mind exist. (shrink)

Resenha de leitura do livro: Para além da aprendizagem: educação democrática para um futuro humano, publicado pelo filósofo norte americano Gert Biesta originalmente com o título Beyond Learning: Democratic education for a human future. O livro foi publicado no Brasil no ano de 2013 pela editora Autêntica. O manuscrito é fruto de leitura realizada durante as reuniões do Grupo de Pesquisa Políticas e Fundamentos da Educação do qual faço parte pertencente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Puc (...) Campinas. (shrink)

Schönheit ist Freiheit in der Erscheinung", so lautet ein berühmter Satz von Friedrich Schiller. Er dachte dabei an die Natur, aber auch an die "schöne Seele" oder an "schönes Handeln". So reicht das Thema dieses Bandes über die Ästhetik im engeren Sinn hinaus und zeigt, dass Schönheit kein Luxus ist. Obwohl fragil und vergänglich und vielfach angefeindet, versöhnt und verbindet sie: niemand kann ohne sie leben.00Schönheit hat noch eine andere Seite. Simone Mahrenholz und Josef Früchtl weisen auf "das gefährliche Schöne", (...) auf die Anziehungskraft des Terrors hin. Wie Rilke das Schreckliche beim Anblick des Engels beschreibt, fordert das Schöne auch zur Reflexion auf. Reinhard Brandt bringt uns zum Mythos, zur Wette von Apoll und Marsyas und zur Rache des Gottes gegen den Pan: die Entdeckung der Schönheit der Melodie wird ihm nicht verziehen. (shrink)

Sharing of experimental clinical research data usually happens between individuals or research groups rather than via public repositories, in part due to the need to protect research participant privacy. This approach to data sharing makes it difficult to connect journal articles with their underlying datasets and is often insufficient for ensuring access to data in the long term. Voluntary data sharing services such as the Yale Open Data Access (YODA) and Clinical Study Data Request (CSDR) projects have increased accessibility to (...) clinical datasets for secondary uses while protecting patient privacy and the legitimacy of secondary analyses but these resources are generally disconnected from journal articles—where researchers typically search for reliable information to inform future research. New scholarly journal and article types dedicated to increasing accessibility of research data have emerged in recent years and, in general, journals are developing stronger links with data repositories. There is a need for increased collaboration between journals, data repositories, researchers, funders, and voluntary data sharing services to increase the visibility and reliability of clinical research. Using the journal Scientific Data as a case study, we propose and show examples of changes to the format and peer-review process for journal articles to more robustly link them to data that are only available on request. We also propose additional features for data repositories to better accommodate non-public clinical datasets, including Data Use Agreements (DUAs). (shrink)

Rescher's final volume of a trilogy is a sustained defence of philosophy in our "post-philosophical era" and a cogent argument that rationality and pluralism authenticate its pragmatic vitality and idealistic nature.

The transfer of the capital to a new site on Brazil's central plateau had a particular significance in the eyes of those who conceived the idea. Its primary aim was to create a nucleus from which to promote the development of the vast and almost deserted interior regions, abandoning Rio de Janeiro which was, for various reasons, no longer judged capable of fulfilling its role as the seat of national political life. As the Brasilia project was realized, thanks to the (...) inspiration of President Kubitschek, it was hoped that it would contribute to the solution of urgent problems stemming from the country's development. Its basic function was to stimulate this development, no longer seen only as the development of the coastal regions but also of the interior, the sertão, that is the “great desert” of the Goiás, the Mato-Grosso and of Amazonia. (shrink)

The value of any kind of data is greatly enhanced when it exists in a form that allows it to be integrated with other data. One approach to integration is through the annotation of multiple bodies of data using common controlled vocabularies or ‘ontologies’. Unfortunately, the very success of this approach has led to a proliferation of ontologies which itself creates obstacles to integration. The Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) consortium has set in train a strategy to overcome this problem. Existing (...) OBO ontologies, including the Gene Ontology, are undergoing a process of coordinated reform and new ontologies being created on the basis of an evolving set of shared principles governing ontology development. The result is an expanding family of ontologies designed to be interoperable, logically well-formed, and to incorporate accurate representations of biological reality. We describe the OBO Foundry initiative, and provide guidelines for those who might wish to become involved. (shrink)

Este artigo busca ampliar a reflexão a respeito da escolha profissional de jovens, assentado na premissa de que novos sentidos e compreensões heurísticas se descortinam com a consideração do conceito de identificação, conforme sua formulação em Freud e em Lacan. Considerando a adolescência, período ..

The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to (...) existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. (shrink)

Proprioception has a crucial role in promoting or hindering motor learning. In particular, an intact position sense strongly correlates with the chances of recovery after stroke. A great majority of neurological patients present both motor dysfunctions and impairments in kinesthesia, but traditional robot and virtual reality training techniques focus either in recovering motor functions or in assessing proprioceptive deficits. An open challenge is to implement effective and reliable tests and training protocols for proprioception that go beyond the mere position sense (...) evaluation and exploit the intrinsic bidirectionality of the kinesthetic sense, which refers to both sense of position and sense of movement. Modulated haptic interaction has a leading role in promoting sensorimotor integration and it is a natural way to enhance volitional effort. Therefore, we designed a preliminary clinical study to test a new proprioception-based motor training technique for augmenting kinesthetic awareness via haptic feedback. The feedback was provided by a robotic manipulandum and the test involved 7 chronic hemiparetic subjects over three weeks. The protocol included evaluation sessions, that consisted of a psychometric estimate of the subject’s kinesthetic sensation, and training sessions, in which the subject executed planar reaching movements in the absence of vision and under a minimally assistive haptic guidance made by sequences of graded force pulses. The bidirectional haptic interaction between the subject and the robot was optimally adapted to each participant in order to achieve a uniform task difficulty over the workspace. All the subjects consistently improved in the perceptual scores as a consequence of training. Moreover, they could minimize the level of haptic guidance in time. Results suggest that the proposed method is effective in enhancing kinesthetic acuity, but the level of impairment may affect the ability of subjects to retain their improvement in time. (shrink)

The proliferation of digital data and internet-based research technologies is transforming the research landscape, and researchers and research ethics communities are struggling to respond to the ethical issues being raised. This paper discusses the findings from a collaborative project that explored emerging ethical issues associated with the expanding use of digital data for research. The project involved consulting with researchers from a broad range of disciplinary fields. These discussions identified five key sets of issues and informed the development of guidelines (...) orientated to meet the needs of researchers and ethics committee members. We argue that establishing common approaches to assessing ethical risks of research involving digital data will promote consistency in the ethical standards for research, enable the smooth functioning of ethics committees, and sustain public confidence in research. We conclude with recommendations for the development of educational resources for ethics committees, data management guidelines and further public education. (shrink)