Results for 'Artificial speech'

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  1. Artificial Speech and Its Authors.Philip J. Nickel - 2013 - Minds and Machines 23 (4):489-502.
    Some of the systems used in natural language generation (NLG), a branch of applied computational linguistics, have the capacity to create or assemble somewhat original messages adapted to new contexts. In this paper, taking Bernard Williams’ account of assertion by machines as a starting point, I argue that NLG systems meet the criteria for being speech actants to a substantial degree. They are capable of authoring original messages, and can even simulate illocutionary force and speaker meaning. Background intelligence embedded (...)
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  2.  19
    Robotica: speech rights and artificial intelligence.Ronald K. L. Collins - 2018 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. Edited by David M. Skover.
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  3. How Many Mechanisms Are Needed to Analyze Speech? A Connectionist Simulation of Structural Rule Learning in Artificial Language Acquisition.Aarre Laakso & Paco Calvo - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (7):1243-1281.
    Some empirical evidence in the artificial language acquisition literature has been taken to suggest that statistical learning mechanisms are insufficient for extracting structural information from an artificial language. According to the more than one mechanism (MOM) hypothesis, at least two mechanisms are required in order to acquire language from speech: (a) a statistical mechanism for speech segmentation; and (b) an additional rule-following mechanism in order to induce grammatical regularities. In this article, we present a set of (...)
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  4.  1
    Ethics in digital phenotyping: considerations regarding Alzheimer’s disease, speech and artificial intelligence.Francesca Rose Dino, Peter Scott Pressman, Kevin Bretonnel Cohen, Veljko Dubljevic, William Jarrold, Peter W. Foltz, Matt DeCamp, Mohammad H. Mahoor & Lawrence E. Hunter - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital phenotyping, including computational speech analysis, increasingly allows for the collection of diagnostically relevant information from an ever-expanding number of sources. Such information usually assesses human behaviour, which is a consequence of the nervous system, and so digital phenotyping may be particularly helpful in diagnosing neurological illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease. As illustrated by the use of computational speech analysis of Alzheimer’s disease, however, neurological illness also introduces ethical considerations beyond commonly recognised concerns regarding (...)
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  5. (1 other version)Inner Speech.Peter Langland-Hassan - 2021 - WIREs Cognitive Science 12 (2):e1544.
    Inner speech travels under many aliases: the inner voice, verbal thought, thinking in words, internal verbalization, “talking in your head,” the “little voice in the head,” and so on. It is both a familiar element of first-person experience and a psychological phenomenon whose complex cognitive components and distributed neural bases are increasingly well understood. There is evidence that inner speech plays a variety of cognitive roles, from enabling abstract thought, to supporting metacognition, memory, and executive function. One active (...)
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  6.  17
    (1 other version)Artificial Intelligence and Emotions.М. Н Корсакова-Крейн - 2023 - Philosophical Problems of IT and Cyberspace (PhilITandC) 2:33-48.
    The development of the mind follows the path of biological evolution towards the accumulation and transmission of information with increasing efficiency. In addition to the cognitive constants of speech (Solntsev, 1974), which greatly improved the transmission of information, people have created computing devices, from the abacus to the quantum computer. The capabilities of computers classified as artificial intelligence are developing at a rapid pace. However, at the present stage, artificial intelligence (AI) lacks an emotion module, and this (...)
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  7. (1 other version)Speech acts.Mitchell S. Green - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Speech acts are a staple of everyday communicative life, but only became a topic of sustained investigation, at least in the English-speaking world, in the middle of the Twentieth Century.[1] Since that time “speech act theory” has been influential not only within philosophy, but also in linguistics, psychology, legal theory, artificial intelligence, literary theory and many other scholarly disciplines.[2] Recognition of the importance of speech acts has illuminated the ability of language to do other things than (...)
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  8.  89
    Inner Speech Generation in a Video Game Non-Player Character: From Explanation to Self?Raúl Arrabales - 2012 - International Journal of Machine Consciousness 4 (2):367-381.
    The use of human language is a hallmark of human consciousness, even when it is not used publicly. Inner speech is the way humans consciously communicate with themselves and arguably a key factor contributing to the formation of more self-aware selves. From the perspective of cognitive science and artificial cognitive architectures, inner speech can be also seen as a meta-management system that modulates some cognitive processes of the subject. In this paper, we describe a preliminary version of (...)
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  9.  45
    Exploiting Multiple Sources of Information in Learning an Artificial Language: Human Data and Modeling.Pierre Perruchet & Barbara Tillmann - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (2):255-285.
    This study investigates the joint influences of three factors on the discovery of new word‐like units in a continuous artificial speech stream: the statistical structure of the ongoing input, the initial word‐likeness of parts of the speech flow, and the contextual information provided by the earlier emergence of other word‐like units. Results of an experiment conducted with adult participants show that these sources of information have strong and interactive influences on word discovery. The authors then examine the (...)
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  10.  33
    Artificial Antisemitism: Critical Theory in the Age of Datafication.Matthew Handelman - 2022 - Critical Inquiry 48 (2):286-312.
    This article is a critical genealogy of Tay, an artificial-intelligence chatbot that Microsoft released on Twitter in 2016, which was quickly hijacked by internet trolls to reproduce racist, misogynist, and antisemitic language. Tay’s repetition and production of hate speech calls for an approach that draws on both media and cultural theory—the Frankfurt School’s dialectical analyses of language and ideology, in particular. Revisiting the Frankfurt School in the age of algorithmic reason shows that, contrary to views foundational to computing, (...)
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  11. Speech perception deficits and the effect of envelope-enhanced story listening combined with phonics intervention in pre-readers at risk for dyslexia.Femke Vanden Bempt, Shauni Van Herck, Maria Economou, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Maaike Vandermosten, Jan Wouters & Pol Ghesquière - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Developmental dyslexia is considered to be most effectively addressed with preventive phonics-based interventions, including grapheme-phoneme coupling and blending exercises. These intervention types require intact speech perception abilities, given their large focus on exercises with auditorily presented phonemes. Yet some children with dyslexia experience problems in this domain due to a poorer sensitivity to rise times, i.e., rhythmic acoustic cues present in the speech envelope. As a result, the often subtle speech perception problems could potentially constrain an optimal (...)
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  12. Artificial intelligence: New jobs from old.Jay Liebowitz - 1989 - AI and Society 3 (1):61-70.
    The age of artificial intelligence (AI) is upon us, and its effect upon society in the coming years will be noteworthy. Artificial intelligence is a field that encompasses such applications as robotics, expert systems, natural language understanding, speech recognition, and computer vision. The effect of these AI systems upon existing and future job occupations will be important. This paper takes a look at artificial intelligence in terms of the creation of new job categories. Also, the introduction (...)
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  13. AA. W., Speech Understanding Systems, Final Report of a Study Group, North-Holland/American Elsevier, 1973. Artificial and Human Thinking, ed. by A. Elithorn and D. Jones, Elsevier Publ. Comp., 1973. K. Atanasijevic, The Metaphysical and Geometrical Doctrine of Bruno, trad. D. [REVIEW]A. Dumitriu & Editura Academieii Republicii Socialiste Romania - 1974 - International Logic Review: Rassegna Internazionale di Logica 7 (9-12):154.
  14.  44
    Why artificial intelligence needs sociology of knowledge: parts I and II.Harry Collins - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-15.
    Recent developments in artificial intelligence based on neural nets—deep learning and large language models which together I refer to as NEWAI—have resulted in startling improvements in language handling and the potential to keep up with changing human knowledge by learning from the internet. Nevertheless, examples such as ChatGPT, which is a ‘large language model’, have proved to have no moral compass: they answer queries with fabrications with the same fluency as they provide facts. I try to explain why this (...)
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  15.  24
    Meaning and Speech Acts: Volume 2, Formal Semantics of Success and Satisfaction.Daniel Vanderveken - 1990 - Cambridge University Press.
    The primary units of meaning in the use and comprehension of language are speech acts of the type called illocutionary acts. In Foundations of Illocutionary Logic John Searle and Daniel Vanderveken presented the first formalized logic of a general theory of speech acts. In Meaning and Speech Acts Daniel Vanderveken further develops the logic of speech acts and the logic of propositions to construct a general semantic theory of natural languages. Volume I, Principles of Language Use, (...)
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  16.  5
    Can Artificial Agents be Authors?João Vitor Schmidt - 2025 - Philosophy and Technology 38 (1):1-25.
    Current Generative Artificial Intelligence models have become incredibly close to the human level of linguistic and artistic excellence, defying our conception of artworks as uniquely human products, resulting in an authorship problem, i.e., whether artificial agents can be regarded as genuine authors of their products. This paper provides a definition of institutional authorship to evaluate this possibility, using John Searle’s Speech Act Theory and Theory of Institutions. To apply the definition, we focus on artistic cases, assuming the (...)
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  17.  34
    Gender Equality and Artificial Intelligence.Bobi Badarevski - 2023 - Годишен зборник на Филозофскиот факултет/The Annual of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje 76 (1):805-815.
    In recent years, artificial intelligence has made significant progress, leading to a wide variety of applications, such as speech recognition, product recommendations, language translation, and many other applications. Although gender equality and artificial intelligence can be considered separate fields, they are closely related and mutually influence each other. The purpose of this paper is to outline various aspects of relationship between gender equality and artificial intelligence, to identify interrelationship between them, and to present challenges and possible (...)
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  18. AI Romance and Misogyny: A Speech Act Analysis.A. G. Holdier & Kelly Weirich - forthcoming - Oxford Intersections: Ai in Society (Relationships).
    Through the lens of feminist speech act theory, this paper argues that artificial intelligence romance systems objectify and subordinate nonvirtual women. AI romance systems treat their users as consumers, offering them relational invulnerability and control over their (usually feminized) digital romantic partner. This paper argues that, though the output of AI chatbots may not generally constitute speech, the framework offered by an AI romance system communicates an unjust perspective on intimate relationships. Through normalizing controlling one’s intimate partner, (...)
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  19. Unmastering Speech: Irony in Plato's Phaedrus.Matthew S. Linck - 2003 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 36 (3):264-276.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Unmastering Speech:Irony in Plato's PhaedrusMatthew S. Linck"So, my shall suffer what it deserves."—Phaedrus 242a1It is tempting, after one has reflected closely on the words and deeds of the Phaedrus, to read the dialogue as if Socrates had the whole conversation worked out from the first words. The art of Plato is such that the intricate cohesion of word and action reveals itself through many layers. Plato writes; and (...)
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  20.  38
    Artificial Intelligence and Emotions.M. N. Korsakova-Krein - forthcoming - Philosophical Problems of IT and Cyberspace (PhilIT&C).
    The development of the mind follows the path of biological evolution towards the accumulation and transmission of information with increasing efficiency. In addition to the cognitive constants of speech (Solntsev, 1974), which greatly improved the transmission of information, people have created computing devices, from the abacus to the quantum computer. The capabilities of computers classified as artificial intelligence are developing at a rapid pace. However, at the present stage, artificial intelligence (AI) lacks an emotion module, and this (...)
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  21.  40
    Lexical and Sublexical Units in Speech Perception.Ibrahima Giroux & Arnaud Rey - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (2):260-272.
    Saffran, Newport, and Aslin (1996a) found that human infants are sensitive to statistical regularities corresponding to lexical units when hearing an artificial spoken language. Two sorts of segmentation strategies have been proposed to account for this early word‐segmentation ability: bracketing strategies, in which infants are assumed to insert boundaries into continuous speech, and clustering strategies, in which infants are assumed to group certain speech sequences together into units (Swingley, 2005). In the present study, we test the predictions (...)
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  22.  37
    Poetics in Schizophrenic Language: Speech, Gesture and Biosemiotics.James Goss - 2011 - Biosemiotics 4 (3):291-307.
    This paper offers a biosemiotic account of the poetic aspects of gesture and speech in schizophrenia. The argument is that speech and gesture are not the mere expression of pre-verbal thoughts. Instead, meaning is enacted by the temporal and semantic coordination of speech and gesture. The bodily basis of language is highlighted by the fact that, failing to create language that is organized around topics, individuals with schizophrenia often rely on poetic associations in directing their utterances. Accordingly, (...)
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  23.  70
    Dimension‐Based Statistical Learning Affects Both Speech Perception and Production.Matthew Lehet & Lori L. Holt - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S4):885-912.
    Multiple acoustic dimensions signal speech categories. However, dimensions vary in their informativeness; some are more diagnostic of category membership than others. Speech categorization reflects these dimensional regularities such that diagnostic dimensions carry more “perceptual weight” and more effectively signal category membership to native listeners. Yet perceptual weights are malleable. When short-term experience deviates from long-term language norms, such as in a foreign accent, the perceptual weight of acoustic dimensions in signaling speech category membership rapidly adjusts. The present (...)
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  24.  6
    Meaning and Speech Acts 2 Volume Paperback Set.Daniel Vanderveken - 2009 - Cambridge University Press.
    The primary units of meaning in the use and comprehension of language are speech acts of the type called illocutionary acts. In Foundations of Illocutionary Logic John Searle and Daniel Vanderveken presented the first formalised logic of a general theory of speech acts. In Meaning and Speech Acts Daniel Vanderveken further develops the logic of speech acts and the logic of propositions to construct a general semantic theory of natural languages. Volume I, Principles of Language Use, (...)
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  25.  9
    Machine translation of English speech: Comparison of multiple algorithms.Yonghong Qin & Yijun Wu - 2022 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 31 (1):159-167.
    In order to improve the efficiency of the English translation, machine translation is gradually and widely used. This study briefly introduces the neural network algorithm for speech recognition. Long short-term memory (LSTM), instead of traditional recurrent neural network (RNN), was used as the encoding algorithm for the encoder, and RNN as the decoding algorithm for the decoder. Then, simulation experiments were carried out on the machine translation algorithm, and it was compared with two other machine translation algorithms. The results (...)
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  26.  14
    (1 other version)Speech understanding systems.A. Newell, J. Barnett, J. W. Forgie, C. Green, D. Klatt, J. C. R. Licklider, J. Munson, D. R. Reddy & W. A. Woods - 1972 - Artificial Intelligence 3 (C):291.
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  27.  61
    Chatting with Bots: AI, Speech-Acts, and the Edge of Assertion.Iwan Williams & Tim Bayne - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    This paper addresses the question of whether large language model-powered chatbots are capable of assertion. According to what we call the Thesis of Chatbot Assertion (TCA), chatbots are the kinds of things that can assert, and at least some of the output produced by current-generation chatbots qualifies as assertion. We provide some motivation for TCA, arguing that it ought to be taken seriously and not simply dismissed. We also review recent objections to TCA, arguing that these objections are weighty. We (...)
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  28.  30
    Recommender Systems as Commercial Speech: A Framing for US Legislation.Andrew West, Claudio Novelli, Mariarosaria Taddeo & Luciano Floridi - manuscript
    Recommender Systems (RS) on digital platforms increasingly influence user behavior, raising ethical concerns, privacy risks, harmful content promotion, and diminished user autonomy. This article examines RS within the framework of regulations and lawsuits in the United States and advocates for legislation that can withstand constitutional scrutiny under First Amendment protections. We propose (re)framing RS-curated content as commercial speech, which is subject to lessened free speech protections. This approach provides a practical path for future legislation that would allow for (...)
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  29.  54
    The Use of Ulster Speech by Michael Longley and Tom Paulin.Joanna Kruczkowska - 2011 - Text Matters - a Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture 1 (1):241-253.
    The article examines the application and exploration of Ulster dialects in the work of two poets of Northern Irish Protestant background, Tom Paulin and Michael Longley. It depicts Paulin's attitude to the past and the present of their community of origin, the former positive and the latter negative, which is responsible for the ambiguities in his use of and his comments on the local speech. Both poets employ the vernacular to refer to their immediate context, i.e. the conflict in (...)
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  30. Speech in, speech out.James Grimmelmann - 2018 - In Ronald K. L. Collins (ed.), Robotica: speech rights and artificial intelligence. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  31.  39
    The Epistemological Consequences of Artificial Intelligence, Precision Medicine, and Implantable Brain-Computer Interfaces.Ian Stevens - 2024 - Voices in Bioethics 10.
    ABSTRACT I argue that this examination and appreciation for the shift to abductive reasoning should be extended to the intersection of neuroscience and novel brain-computer interfaces too. This paper highlights the implications of applying abductive reasoning to personalized implantable neurotechnologies. Then, it explores whether abductive reasoning is sufficient to justify insurance coverage for devices absent widespread clinical trials, which are better applied to one-size-fits-all treatments. INTRODUCTION In contrast to the classic model of randomized-control trials, often with a large number of (...)
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  32.  72
    Participant roles, frames, and speech acts.James D. Mccawley - 1999 - Linguistics and Philosophy 22 (6):595-619.
  33.  39
    Voice, gesture and working memory in the emergence of speech.Francisco Aboitiz - 2018 - Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 19 (1-2):70-85.
    Language and speech depend on a relatively well defined neural circuitry, located predominantly in the left hemisphere. In this article, I discuss the origin of the speech circuit in early humans, as an expansion of an auditory-vocal articulatory network that took place after the last common ancestor with the chimpanzee. I will attempt to converge this perspective with aspects of the Mirror System Hypothesis, particularly those related to the emergence of a meaningful grammar in human communication. Basically, the (...)
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  34.  31
    Contesting algorithms: Restoring the public interest in content filtering by artificial intelligence.Niva Elkin-Koren - 2020 - Big Data and Society 7 (2).
    In recent years, artificial intelligence has been deployed by online platforms to prevent the upload of allegedly illegal content or to remove unwarranted expressions. These systems are trained to spot objectionable content and to remove it, block it, or filter it out before it is even uploaded. Artificial intelligence filters offer a robust approach to content moderation which is shaping the public sphere. This dramatic shift in norm setting and law enforcement is potentially game-changing for democracy. Artificial (...)
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  35.  9
    Speech-understanding systems: Final report of a study group.Michael Kassler - 1975 - Artificial Intelligence 6 (2):209.
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  36.  79
    There's No Such Thing as Free Speech: And It's a Good Thing, Too.Stanley Eugene Fish - 1994 - Oxford University Press USA.
    In an era when much of what passes for debate is merely moral posturing--traditional family values versus the cultural elite, free speech versus censorship--or reflexive name-calling--the terms "liberal" and "politically correct," are used with as much dismissive scorn by the right as "reactionary" and "fascist" are by the left--Stanley Fish would seem an unlikely lightning rod for controversy. A renowned scholar of Milton, head of the English Department of Duke University, Fish has emerged as a brilliantly original critic of (...)
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  37.  94
    Linguagem, Intencionalidade e o Problema da Inteligência Artificial.Libni Teles - 2024 - Kínesis - Revista de Estudos Dos Pós-Graduandos Em Filosofia 16 (40):310-323.
    Esse trabalho pretende entender quais mecanismos da linguagem revelam a intencionalidade, analisando o trabalho de John Searle. Após a exposição de parte da teoria de Searle sobre a intencionalidade, será feito um comentário a respeito dos recentes avanços da Inteligência Artificial, em especial àquelas ferramentas que lidam com a linguagem natural. Por fim, explicaremos por que, por mais sofisticados que sejam, essas ferramentas estão longe de apresentar algum tipo de intencionalidade aos moldes da teoria de Searle.
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  38.  51
    Conventionalisation and discrimination as competing pressures on continuous speech-like signals.Hannah Little, Kerem Eryilmaz & Bart de Boer - 2017 - Interaction Studies 18 (3):352-375.
    Arbitrary communication systems can emerge from iconic beginnings through processes of conventionalisation via interaction. Here, we explore whether this process of conventionalisation occurs with continuous, auditory signals. We conducted an artificial signalling experiment. Participants either created signals for themselves, or for a partner in a communication game. We found no evidence that the speech-like signals in our experiment became less iconic or simpler through interaction. We hypothesise that the reason for our results is that when it is difficult (...)
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  39.  19
    A State-of-the-Art Review of EEG-Based Imagined Speech Decoding.Diego Lopez-Bernal, David Balderas, Pedro Ponce & Arturo Molina - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16:867281.
    Currently, the most used method to measure brain activity under a non-invasive procedure is the electroencephalogram (EEG). This is because of its high temporal resolution, ease of use, and safety. These signals can be used under a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) framework, which can be implemented to provide a new communication channel to people that are unable to speak due to motor disabilities or other neurological diseases. Nevertheless, EEG-based BCI systems have presented challenges to be implemented in real life situations (...)
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  40. Might text-davinci-003 have inner speech?Stephen Francis Mann & Daniel Gregory - 2024 - Think 23 (67):31-38.
    In November 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT, an incredibly sophisticated chatbot. Its capability is astonishing: as well as conversing with human interlocutors, it can answer questions about history, explain almost anything you might think to ask it, and write poetry. This level of achievement has provoked interest in questions about whether a chatbot might have something similar to human intelligence or even consciousness. Given that the function of a chatbot is to process linguistic input and produce linguistic output, we consider the (...)
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  41.  19
    Realization of Self-Adaptive Higher Teaching Management Based Upon Expression and Speech Multimodal Emotion Recognition.Huihui Zhou & Zheng Liu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    In the process of communication between people, everyone will have emotions, and different emotions will have different effects on communication. With the help of external performance information accompanied by emotional expression, such as emotional speech signals or facial expressions, people can easily communicate with each other and understand each other. Emotion recognition is an important network of affective computers and research centers for signal processing, pattern detection, artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction. Emotions convey important information in human communication (...)
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  42.  17
    Integrated Design of Financial Self-Service Terminal Based on Artificial Intelligence Voice Interaction.Huizhong Chen, Shu Chen & Jingfeng Zhao - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Integrated design of financial self-service terminal based on artificial intelligence voice interaction with the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence technology is deepening in the field of intelligence and automation. The financial industry is the lifeblood of a country’s economy, with great growth potential and high growth rate. The integrated design of intelligent financial self-service terminal has become an important topic in the field of rapid development of social economy and science and technology. Therefore, this paper (...)
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  43.  64
    Large Language Models, Agency, and Why Speech Acts are Beyond Them (For Now) – A Kantian-Cum-Pragmatist Case.Reto Gubelmann - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (1):1-24.
    This article sets in with the question whether current or foreseeable transformer-based large language models (LLMs), such as the ones powering OpenAI’s ChatGPT, could be language users in a way comparable to humans. It answers the question negatively, presenting the following argument. Apart from niche uses, to use language means to act. But LLMs are unable to act because they lack intentions. This, in turn, is because they are the wrong kind of being: agents with intentions need to be autonomous (...)
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  44.  25
    Exploring the Ethical and Spiritual Dimensions of Artificial Intelligence in Virtual Gaming: A Philosophical Inquiry.Ni Chen, Ruzinoor B. Che Mat, Limin Duan, Pingyang Lu, Yunting Liu, Xueyan Xia & Yanhong Jin - 2024 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 16 (2):52-68.
    In the digital era, digital games, particularly those in virtual spaces, have become integral to daily life, offering users not only a blend of real and virtual world interactions but also an enhanced sense of happiness and fulfilment. However, traditional digital gaming modes often fall short in meeting the increasing demands for higher quality and more immersive experiences. This paper proposes a new model for the development of artificial intelligence-driven digital games based on virtual space, addressing the ethical and (...)
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  45.  24
    These words that Macron borrows from Sarkozy. Discourse and Artificial Intelligence.Damon Mayaffre, Magali Guaresi & Laurent Vanni - 2020 - Corpus 21.
    La logométrie et l’Intelligence artificielle (deep learning) appliquées aux textes politiques permettent de repérer dans le discours d’Emmanuel Macron les emprunts linguistiques qu’il contracte auprès de ses prédécesseurs à l’Elysée (de Gaulle, Pompidou, Giscard, Mitterrand, Chirac, Sarkozy et Hollande). Les emprunts les plus importants, lexicaux autour de la valeur travail et énonciatifs autour de l’exhibition du « je » et du « je veux », concernent statistiquement Nicolas Sarkozy.
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  46.  19
    Speech understanding systems.M. F. Medress, F. S. Cooper, J. W. Forgie, C. C. Green, D. H. Klatt, M. H. O'Malley, E. P. Neuburg, A. Newell, D. R. Reddy, B. Ritea, J. E. Shoup-Hummel, D. E. Walker & W. A. Woods - 1977 - Artificial Intelligence 9 (3):307-316.
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  47.  20
    (2 other versions)The Frame/Content theory of evolution of speech.Peter F. MacNeilage & Barbara L. Davis - 2005 - Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 6 (2):173-199.
    The Frame/Content theory deals with how and why the first language evolved the present-day speech mode of programming syllable “Frame” structures with segmental “Content” elements. The first words are considered, for biomechanical reasons, to have had the simple syllable frame structures of pre-speech babbling, and were perhaps parental terms, generated within the parent–infant dyad. Although all gestural origins theories have iconicity as a plausible alternative hypothesis for the origin of the meaning-signal link for words, they all share the (...)
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  48.  39
    Spontaneous emergence of language-like and music-like vocalizations from an artificial protolanguage.Weiyi Ma, Anna Fiveash & William Forde Thompson - 2019 - Semiotica 2019 (229):1-23.
    How did human vocalizations come to acquire meaning in the evolution of our species? Charles Darwin proposed that language and music originated from a common emotional signal system based on the imitation and modification of sounds in nature. This protolanguage is thought to have diverged into two separate systems, with speech prioritizing referential functionality and music prioritizing emotional functionality. However, there has never been an attempt to empirically evaluate the hypothesis that a single communication system can split into two (...)
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  49.  9
    Optimal search strategies for speech understanding control.W. A. Woods - 1982 - Artificial Intelligence 18 (3):295-326.
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  50.  7
    (1 other version)Japanese reported speech: against a direct--indirect distinction.Emar Maier - 2009 - In Hattori~Et~Al (ed.), New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. Springer. pp. 133--145.
    English direct discourse is easily recognized by e.g. the lack of a complementizer, the quotation marks (or the intonational contour they induce), and verbatim (`shifted') pronouns. Japanese employs the same complementizer for all reports, does not have a consistent intonational quotation marking, and tends to drop pronouns where possible. Some have argued that this just shows many Japanese reports are ambiguous: despite the lack of explicit marking, the underlying distinction is just as hard. On the basis of a number of (...)
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