Textes théoriques et études de cas (Baudelaire, l'Oulipo, Molière, Fréchette/Chapman, etc.). La question du plagiat est abordée sous l'angle de la textualité, de la morale et du droit (4 textes). Des seize études rassemblées, trois seulement sont d'accès un peu difficile. Recommandé. [SDM].

A un colloque organisé par le Conseil du Bien-Étre du Québec, à l'automne 1965, M. Jacques Dofny déclarait: « la lutte contre la pauvrete» ne peut se gagner par l'argent » et, par suite, « déclarer la guerre à la pauvreteé, ce n'est pas distribuer de l'argent, même si c'est l'état qui le distribue ». Par contre, il y a quelques jours, M. John Fryer, du Congrés Canadien du Travail, affirmait que le pauvre « a besoin d'argent, non de sermons (...) ». Ces deux positions représentent sans doute, les extrêmes de l'éventail du présent débat sur la pauvrete». Mais pour s'y inscrire avec lumiére, il faut commencer par inventorier, même sommairement, les principales catégories de solutions proposécs. Je veux done premiérement examiner les disproportions entre les limites de ces solutions et l'ampleur du probléme. Je noterai les déficiences de la charité privée et organisée, de l'assistance publique, des assurances sociales et enfin de la redistribution du revenu pour faire ressortir, en deuxiéme lieu, ce qui m'apparaît être les conditions essentielles de la stratégic de la guerre à la pauvreté. (shrink)

Parmi les nombreux textes consacrés è Herbert Marcuse depuis que mai 1968 l'a, avec sa complicité, métamorphosé de professeur de philosophie politique en « vedette philosophique de la révolution », celui de François Perroux est certainement un des plus intéressants et des plus féconds. Intéressant è cause des dimensions et de la richesée de la pensée de son auteur, un des plus vénérables économistes français fortement marqué par la tradition saint-simonienne et dont des ouvrages comme Industrie et création collective, Economie (...) et société, Coexistence pacifique, etc. sont autant de jalons importants dans la critique de la société moderne. Fécond par l'approche économique avec laquelle l'auteur aborde les problèmes soulevés. Fécond par le dialogue engagé avec Marcuse qui répond en quelques pages aux interrogations de l'auteur et annonce son « désir de consacrer un livre è leurs discussions ». (shrink)

La vie des doctrines philosophico-politiques est mystérieuse, mais il semble que, sous les interprétations, les passions et les intérêts qu'elles provoquent, elles tendent à se simplifier en une scolastique académique, c'est-à-dire en un squelette décharné par la suppression de toute nuance et de toute contradiction féconde. Cette tendance apparaît particulièrement révélatrice du destin de la pensée de Karl Marx, laquelle entre toutes bouleverse les intérêts et provoque l'affrontement des passions — le marxisme s'est trop souvent laissé réduire à des mottos (...) d'action et à des slogans de propagande favorables ou non qui ont sans doute mystifié nombre d'analystes. Il en est résulté, me semble-t-il, tant chez les adversaires que chez les marxistes orthodoxes, une caricature vulgaire qui a réduit l'étonnante complexité de Marx à un économisme rigide et plat. (shrink)

Wellman identified three types of conductive arguments, the third of which contains both pro and counter-considerations in the same piece of reasoning. This paper provides a pragma-dialectical analysis of this type of argumentation, with special focus on argumentation reconstruction. It argues that the account of pro/con argumentation in the framework of argument-as-product has problems solvable by a pragma-dialectical approach. The paper asserts that pro/con argumentation should be analyzed as a dialectical strategy of a protagonist, where acknowledgement of counter-considerations shows that (...) the antagonist’s reasons have been taken into consideration, although the pro-considerations override them. Thus, the pro-considerations of pro/con argumentation should be interpreted as the protagonist’s overriding defeaters of the antagonist’s counter-arguments, the protagonist incorporating the latter as counter-considerations. The paper further argues that the pragma-dialectical framework needs an additional conceptual tool to properly reconstruct complex forms of pro/con argumentation. Finally, the pragma-dialectical approach to reconstruct pro/con argumentation has several advantages, especially to a more logical-structural approach to complex pro/con argumentation. (shrink)

The work of Joseph Delb??uf (1831‐1896), a philosopher, psychologist, and mathematician, provides fresh insights on the relationship between agency, consciousness, and evolution. Without agency, Delb??uf argued, the distinction between the self and the external world would be impossible, the function of feelings such as pain and pleasure would be incomprehensible, and consciousness would not have evolved. Delb??uf also posited a psychological stage of evolution, preceding that of natural selection, whereby sentient organisms influence the selection of their own traits through the (...) decisions they make during their reproductive lives. In relating these ideas and others, I show how Delb??uf’s work is relevant to current scholarship on the nature and evolution of consciousness. (shrink)

ABSTRACTOne of the recurrent motifs in political thought is the idea of the social contract, according to which a society, a government, or moral principles depend for their existence on agreements...

Resumo: Reconstruiu-se a semiologia geral elaborada nos escritos inacabados e indiretos de Saussure, recolocando sua noção de sentido próxima à de Deleuze e explicando-a por meio deste. Defende-se que toda teoria baseada na noção de “diferença” precisa dar conta do processo de individuação e, junto disso, por meio da descrição de dois níveis de diferenciação. Demonstra-se que isto é realizado por ambos os autores, para além e mesmo junto de suas divergências. Assim, o artigo recoloca a teoria do valor de (...) Saussure na aurora de uma filosofia da diferença, mostrando que este inaugura e mesmo “repete” as teses que Deleuze explicitamente defende, nos anos 1960.: The paper reconstruct the general semiology elaborated in Saussure’s unfinished and indirect writings, replacing his notion of meaning next to that of Deleuze, and explaining it through the latter. We argue that any theory based on the notion of “difference” needs to account for the individuation process and, together, through the description of two levels of differentiation. We demonstrate that this is accomplished by both authors, beyond and even with their disagreements. Thus, the article puts Saussure’s theory of value on the dawn of a philosophy of difference, showing that it inaugurates and even repeats the theses that Deleuze explicitly defends in the 1960s. (shrink)

The paper presents the main ideas of Ultrafilter Logic (UL), as introduced by Veloso and others. A new proposal, Normality Logic (NL), is outlined for expanding the expressive power of UL. The system NL appears to offer a simpler solution to the problem of expressive power than the sorting strategy of Carnielli and Veloso. Interpretations of NL are discussed and an important point of contact to Hansson's notion of non-prioritized belief revision is observed.

We show that the elementary theory of the recursively enumerable tt-degrees has the same computational complexity as true first-order arithmetic. As auxiliary results, we prove theorems about exact pairs and initial segments in the tt-degrees.

We prove that each Σ 0 2 set which is hypersimple relative to $\emptyset$ ' is noncuppable in the structure of the Σ 0 2 enumeration degrees. This gives a connection between properties of Σ 0 2 sets under inclusion and and the Σ 0 2 enumeration degrees. We also prove that some low non-computably enumerable enumeration degree contains no set which is simple relative to $\emptyset$ '.

Ce texte synthétise les principaux résultats d’une enquête menée au Canada sur la tolérance des citoyens à l’égard du mensonge en politique. L’honnêteté est la valeur le plus importante pour les personnes interrogées, mais en même temps, beaucoup estiment acceptable de ne pas dire toute la vérité, surtout si les questions concernent la vie privée des politiciens. Par contre, lorsque les questions sont d’intérêt public, on est beaucoup moins tolérant.

Tradução dos verbetes "Imitação" e "Melodia" do Dictionnaire de musique de J-J. Rousseau. Os verbetes aqui traduzidos pertencem ao Dictionnaire de musique [Dicionário de música], obra de caráter musicológico, na qual há as principais reflexões rousseaunianas sobre a música.Utilizamos aqui um exemplar fac-símile do livro: Dictionnaire de musique. Paris: Duchesne,1768.

Ainslie does not formally incorporate risk and uncertainty in his framework for modelling impulses and willpower. To provide a complete account of the motivational bases of choice behaviour, Ainslie should extend his framework to incorporate risk attitudes and subjective beliefs.

Em 1933, o Governo Provisório liderado por Getúlio Vargas criou o Conselho de Fiscalização das Expedições Artísticas e Científicas no Brasil, com o objetivo de coibir a saída do país de objetos de seu patrimônio natural e artístico e garantir uma parte do que fosse coletado no país para as instituições brasileiras. Num momento de aproximação do Brasil com os Estados Unidos, que competia com a Alemanha por influência no país mesmo antes da eclosão da Segunda Guerra, cientistas e outros (...) exploradores norte-americanos realizaram expedições para coleta de animais e outros objetos naturais, que foram exportados para enriquecer as coleções de museus e outras instituições científicas nos Estados Unidos. Nesse contexto, o Conselho não cumpriu propriamente seu trabalho de fiscalização. Em parte, isso ocorreu em benefício das relações diplomáticas com os norte-americanos; por outro lado, por interesses particulares e disputas institucionais que impediam o pleno exercício de suas funções. Ambos os fatores impediram um trânsito de conhecimento maior entre os dois países, como a incorporação de mais animais às coleções nacionais e um contato maior entre cientistas dos dois países. Além disso, caçadores e colecionadores usaram justificativas científicas para levar um sem-número de animais para o exterior. Os casos analisados neste trabalho demonstram como, mesmo um governo autoritário de inspiração nacionalista, não deu conta de impedir o afluxo de objetos do patrimônio natural para um país aliado. A tese busca mostrar, ainda, como as fronteiras entre caça e ciência eram borradas no período e como isso se refletiu na fiscalização do CFE. (shrink)

Presenting a fascinating analysis of the idea of what can't be said, this book ascertains whether the notion of there being a truth, or a state of affairs, or knowledge that can't be expressed linguistically is a coherent notion. The author distinguishes different senses in which it might be said that something can't be said. The first part looks at the question of whether ineffability is a coherent idea. Part two evaluates two families of arguments regarding whether ineffable states of (...) affairs actually exist: the argument from mysticism and the argument from epistemic boundedness. Part three looks more closely at the relation between mystic and non-mystic stances. In the fourth and final part the author distinguishes five qualitatively different types of ineffability. _Ineffability and Philosophy_ is a significant contribution to this area of research and will be essential reading for philosophers and those researching and studying the philosophy of language. (shrink)

We use Demuth randomness to study strong lowness properties of computably enumerable sets, and sometimes of Δ20 sets. A set A⊆N is called a base for Demuth randomness if some set Y Turing above A is Demuth random relative to A. We show that there is an incomputable, computably enumerable base for Demuth randomness, and that each base for Demuth randomness is strongly jump-traceable. We obtain new proofs that each computably enumerable set below all superlow Martin-Löf random sets is strongly (...) jump traceable, using Demuth tests. The sets Turing below each ω2-computably approximable Martin-Löf random set form a proper subclass of the bases for Demuth randomness, and hence of the strongly jump traceable sets. The c.e. sets Turing below each ω2-computably approximable Martin-Löf random set satisfy a new, very strong combinatorial lowness property called ω-traceability. (shrink)