Na tentativa de propor uma conciliação das práticas comunitária e clínica em Psicologia, pretendemos desenvolver os seguintes elementos em ambas as propostas: uma prática de escuta às situações emergentes, uma postura ética e política de escuta aos sujeitos e a promoção da saúde engajada na realidade social brasileira. Ambas as perspectivas podem ser complementares desde que partamos da unidade e não da dicotomia entre elas. Defendemos que as propostas de Psicologia Comunitária, inaugurada por Martin-Baró, e de Psicologia Clínica em uma (...) perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial, inaugurada por Binswanger, prescindem da necessidade de se excluírem mutuamente visto que ambas partem da concepção de comunidade como elemento unificador do binômio ser e mundo. Apostamos na construção de práticas ético-políticas pela necessidade de se promover uma união entre clínica e comunidade, entre natureza humana e social, tal como defendidas por Krenak e Kopenawa. E ainda, dando voz à cultura brasileira e em uma defesa do movimento Modernista, dialogamos com Oswald de Andrade, Clarice Lispector, Manoel de Barros, Manoel Bandeira, Rubem Alves e Guimarães Rosa. Em conclusão, a proposta é de que a clínica psicológica na perspectiva do nós se estabelece como processo sociopolítico de injunção dos assujeitados, resistência à massificação e a derrocada do poder do impessoal no gerenciamento da vida. (shrink)

Os padres da Igreja receberam uma educação dentro do sistema grego romano que visava a tornar as pessoas cidadãs, membros da vida civil e comunitária. Pela educação eles se tornavam pessoas livres, capazes de coordenar serviços na sociedade. Essa era uma educação básica,popular, que possibilitava o conhecimento das ciências da época. A filosofia delineava valores comunitários e sociais. Eles frequentavam as escolas normais que o Império Romano oferecia a todos os povos dominados. As universidades não existiam na época, mas as (...) academias, porque se apontava essa instituição de modo que uma educação bemfundamentada ali era dada, pois se tratava de Ensino Superior. Os padres foram educados nesse sistema educacional, na retórica, último degrau no estudo, que os impulsionava a não só a bem falar ao público e a ter o domínio do saber, através dos argumentos, mas essa retórica servia para esclarecimento das coisas, na liturgia, na interpretação da Sagrada Escritura para o povo diante das heresias e na necessidade de dar respostas por parte da Igreja. O estudo favoreceu a elaboração de uma ideia e de uma educação para a vida e para o amor. Se os padres frequentavam escolas dos pagãos, com o tempo, elaboraram o valor da educação, a constituição de escolas próprias em vista da formação sacerdotal e escolas bíblicas e cristológicas. A seguir, damos uma visão de como os padres encararam a educação e de como a viveram em seu tempo. (shrink)

Esta ponencia se propone demostrar que, para John Locke, el individuo posee derechos inalienables, pero que la misma naturaleza humana tiende a establecer ciertas relaciones de poder que lo esclavizan. La constatación teórica e histórica de este postulado lleva a Locke a sostener que la salida del hombre de esa situación de enfermedad debe liberarlo no de las relaciones de poder, que pueden ser legitimadas, sino de sus propias pasiones que lo llevan a juzgar con parcialidad sus derechos y a (...) intentar someter a otros a los designios de su amor propio. Para ello, el contrato social lockeano busca elaborar un equilibrio entre los derechos inalienables de los hombres y la construcción de un espacio comunitario que haga posible la justicia en las relaciones humanas y, por lo tanto, emancipe al hombre del estado de enfermedad en el que se encontraría si no existiese el poder político. La función del poder político surgido en el contrato social es, pues, la de respetar-reestablecer el equilibrio entre libertad e igualdad que debe primar entre los hombres. (shrink)

La Ley de Extranjería de 2003 ha aumentado las atribuciones y potestades de la administración pública española y las obligaciones de los extranjeros. Colisiona con principios fundamentales de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico-constitucional. Frente a esa línea legislativa, proponemos una reforma sustancial por la que: (1) deje de ser infracción el encontrarse un extranjero en España sin autorización oficial; (2) se haga permanente un proceso de regularización por prescripción adquisitiva de la condición de residente; y (3) se incorporen los valores jurídicos de (...) la hermandad humana, los vínculos históricos, la misericordia, la hospitalidad, la libertad, la amistad y el amor así como los principios de una globalización con rostro humano, gratitud, arraigabilidad e interés nacional. (shrink)

Desde un recorrido por algunas de las transformaciones desarrolladas en la práctica religiosa cotidiana de distintas comunidades, producidas en los meses iniciales de la pandemia del COVID 19, se abordaron las respuestas de estas comunidades religiosas, mediadas por las Tics. La investigación tenía el objetivo de profundizar en los procesos de adaptación de los rituales y celebraciones religiosas, desde un acercamiento a los procesos de virtualización y digitalización. Asimismo, analizar el espacio que ocuparon los Mass Media en la formulación de (...) relatos sobre las prácticas religiosas en el contexto pandémico. Por último, comprender el papel que tuvieron las comunidades religiosas en la resolución de muchos de los conflictos e incertidumbres existenciales generadas durante ese período. En este sentido, quería dar respuesta a cuestiones cómo ¿Qué implicó la situación de Pandemia para las comunidades religiosas? ¿En qué medida podemos hablar de una redefinición de los espacios sagrados? ¿Qué lugar ocuparon las tecnologías a la hora de solventar las dificultades cultuales en las congregaciones religiosas? ¿Cuál fue el relato de los Mass Media sobre las prácticas de estas comunidades religiosas? Para dar respuesta a estas cuestiones se optó por la etnografía virtual de los espacios mediados por las Tics, y la realización de entrevistas para recoger las experiencias religiosas offline. Los resultados revelaron que la resiliencia mostrada por las personas de estas comunidades religiosas reflejaba su capacidad para reformular y redimensionar las prácticas religiosas, desde las herramientas digitales. (shrink)

The inclusion of animals in research studies involves a great responsibility to ensure animal welfare within the relevant ethical and legal frameworks. This study aimed to review compliance with the ARRIVE Essential 10 requirements and the ethical oversight of animal behaviour and welfare studies in farm animals. Three journals and a total of 133 articles were reviewed for compliance with the ARRIVE Essential 10 items and criteria. Each article obtained a final score according to whether or not each criterion was (...) met within each item. Likewise, ethical declaration in each article was recorded. Chi-square test and linear models were built to assess associations between the ethical statement presentation and the final ARRIVE Essential 10 score with the country, the species, and the journal. We found that 15% of the articles did not present an ethical statement. The journal with the highest impact factor and the countries of the Global South presented an ethical statement more frequently. Regarding the Essential 10, the item with the lowest agreement score was ‘Blinding’ and the one with the highest agreement was ‘Outcome Measures’. Also, significant differences were found between journals in terms of the Essential 10 score. Essential 10 provides relevant information that allows reviewers and readers to identify possible welfare risks and the validity of the results in animal welfare science publications. (shrink)

We use a lab experiment to examine whether and how leaders influence workers’ (un)ethical behavior through financial reporting choices. We randomly assign the role of leaders or workers to subjects, who can choose to report an outcome via automatic or self-reporting. Self-reporting allows for profitable and undetectable earnings manipulation. We vary the leaders’ ability to choose the reporting method and to punish workers. We show that workers are more likely to choose automatic reporting when their leader voluntarily does so and (...) can assign punishment. Even workers who choose self-reporting tend to cheat less when their leader chooses automatic reporting. Nonetheless, most leaders do not opt for automatic reporting in the first place: they often choose self-reporting and punish workers who rather choose automatic reporting. Collectively, our results reveal a dual effect of leadership on ethical behaviors in organizations: workers behave more ethically if their leader makes ethical choices, but often leaders do not make ethical choices in the first place. Hence, leading by example can backfire. (shrink)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie renommierte Religionsphilosophin Eleonore Stump bezieht seit über zwei Jahrzehnten in zahlreichen Publikationen zur Theodizeeproblematik Stellung. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden Stumps Überlegungen zum problem of evil systematisiert und kritisch gewürdigt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die zentrale Annahme, auf der Stumps Theodizee beruht, die Pädagogisierung des Leids im Rahmen einer free will defence, über die Jahre hinweg keine substantielle Modifikation erfahren hat.SUMMARYSince more than two decades well-known philosopher of religion Eleonore Stump has discussed in numerous publications the problem of evil. (...) This paper aims at systematizing and evaluating Stump's considerations on this topic. The paper shows that Stump's crucial assumption of interpreting evil from a pedagogic point of view within a free will defence has not changed substantially over the years. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to propose a particular conception and formulation of the concepts of formal derivation and axiomatic system, which, although not orthodox, remain part of classical first order logic. It is proposed, in particular, that the definition of formal derivation includes the pos..

I. L'organisation -- II. La génération -- III. La sensation.

Trabajo que aborda, desde la perspectiva de la postsecularización, la realidad sociorreligiosa de Canarias, partiendo del estudio de la comunidad de practicantes de la Regla de Osha-Ifá. En esa línea, analiza cómo la visibilidad de los rituales y prácticas de esta religión en la esfera pública suponen un reto para el reconocimiento normativo de la pluralidad ¿Es la postsecularización un paradigma para una aproximación fructífera de las transformaciones sociorreligiosas que se dan en el contexto del archipiélago? En este sentido, se (...) busca reflexionar sobre el papel de las prácticas religiosas ligadas a la sanación y la medicina popular como un ámbito de conflicto entre la población local y estas comunidades. Conflicto del que se hacen eco los Medios de Comunicación tradicionales y las Redes Sociales digitales. Un universo que implica el uso de los recursos locales y se inserta en los debates sobre las relaciones ecológicas, interespecies y la espiritualidad. Se busca estudiar este proceso en constante movimiento, donde modernidad y religiosidad conviven y se nutren. Para ello, tanto la perspectiva procesual, donde la performatividad se convierte en el foco del análisis, como el planteamiento de la postsecularización y su necesidad de un diálogo entre lo teórico y lo empírico, permitirían avanzar en investigaciones capaces de un reconocimiento de otras formas contemporáneas de vivir y pesar lo sagrado y lo espiritual. (shrink)

Nada propone una interpretación de las diferentes conciencias (arcaica, mágica, mítica, mental e integral) que han ocupado los distintos eones que ha atravesado nuestra especie (urobórico, tifónico, matriarcal, patriarcal y fratriarcal), partiendo de que en todas ellas se ensayan diversos tratos con la nada o lo indeterminado. Se sugiere que, en cada eón, la respectiva conciencia pasa por una fase de ignorancia negativa (no sabe que no sabe), otra de ignorancia positiva (sabe que no sabe), un momento de impasse en (...) el que el decaimiento de una conciencia se cruza con la emergencia de otra, resultando de tal cruce un conocimiento inconsciente (no sabe que sabe), y un momento final de conciencia plena o sabiduría (sabe que sabe) desde el que se precipitan, de nuevo, pero en otro eón y sobre otra conciencia, nuevas ignorancias. (shrink)

Los principios de donde recibe el ente la existencia -- Naturaleza y sobre naturaleza -- Existencia de dios y Existencia de dios segun mi exposición -- Apéndices.

The starting point for the following reflections comes from Jacques Roger’s monumental work, Les sciences de la vie dans la pensée française du XVIIIe siècle. I hope my remarks may cast some light on a problem that has long remained obscure, and doubtless was to Buffon himself: the status of matter in general and the relation of brute to organic matter in particular.

Amor Masovic, responsable de la commission de recherche des disparus en Bosnie-Herzégovine et ancien responsable de la commission pour l’échange des prisonniers pendant la guerre de 1992-1995, nous présente ensuite un tableau accablant des disparitions dans les guerres récentes en ex-Yougoslavie, et des pratiques pour faire en sorte que ceux-ci ne soient ni retrouvés ni, encore moins, identifiés (d’où des fosses communes de deux types : « primaires » – où les corps furent enterrés initialement – et « secondaires (...) » – où ces mêmes corps furent ré-enterrés, souvent démembrés, après avoir été déterrés pour être dispersés et moins aisés à repérer). 28 000 des 40 000 disparus ex-Yougoslaves relèvent du conflit en Bosnie et sont à 95 % des civils protégés par les conventions de Genève. Sur les 280 charniers identifiés la plupart se trouvaient à l’arrière et non sur le front et les disparitions sont datables à des périodes de non-combat. Le but de la commission est donc d’abord de retrouver et identifier les morts pour « faire savoir » et permettre le deuil (puisque la barbarisation qui a été exercée est double : contre les victimes et contre leurs familles qui ne peuvent « vivre » tant qu’elles n’ont pas de certitude). En outre, faute de disposition légale et d’une absence de droit spécifique des disparus personne ne peut être incriminé pour une disparition devant le TPIY où les « disparus » ne sont donc pas représentés. Amor Masovic tire quatre conclusions de son exposé : 1) la barbarie exprimée aujourd’hui est pour partie un résultat des manques de la justice à l’égard des crimes de guerre de la seconde guerre mondiale ; 2) la guerre contre les civils augmente en même temps qu’augmentent les dispositions internationales contre ces exactions qui restent donc purement formelles ; 3) en Bosnie, la barbarisation s’est exercée sur les corps des victimes de façon redoublée puisque l’anéantissement des preuves du crime fait que la mort n’est pas une vraie fin. D’où une forme particulière de barbarisation d’après-guerre ; 4) seul élément plus « positif » : en Bosnie des échanges de prisonniers eurent lieu pendant la guerre sans attendre la fin du conflit ce qui est rarissime et va au-delà des exigences posées par les conventions de Genève en matière de libération des prisonniers. (shrink)

This article introduces some soft computing methods generally used for data analysis and flow pattern detection in fluid dynamics. These techniques decompose the original flow field as an expansion of modes, which can be either orthogonal in time, or in space or in time and space, or they can simply be selected using some sophisticated statistical techniques. The performance of these methods is tested in the turbulent wake of a wall-mounted square cylinder. This highly complex flow is suitable to show (...) the ability of the aforementioned methods to reduce the degrees of freedom of the original data by only retaining the large scales in the flow. The main result is a reduced-order model of the original flow case, based on a low number of modes. A deep discussion is carried out about how to choose the most computationally efficient method to obtain suitable reduced-order models of the flow. The techniques introduced in this article are data-driven methods that could be applied to model any type of non-linear dynamical system, including numerical and experimental databases. (shrink)

Ezzence is the first smartphone-controlled olfactometer designed for both day and night conditions. We discuss the design and technical implementation of Ezzence and report on a study to evaluate the feasibility of using the device in home-based sleep environments. The study results show that participants were satisfied with the device and found it easy to use. Furthermore, participants reported a significant improvement in sleep quality when using the device with scent in comparison to the control condition, as well as better (...) mood the following morning and shorter time to sleep onset. The device is integrated with a wearable EEG and real-time sleep staging algorithm to release scent during specific sleep stages, which is important for certain use cases. Ezzence can be used for several applications, including those that require scent triggered day and night. They include targeted memory reactivation, longitudinal health treatments, therapy, and mental or physical exercises. Finally, this article proposes an interaction framework to understand relationships between scents and environments based on proxemic dimensions and passive or active interactions during sleep. (shrink)

Humankind is currently witnessing, and shaping, the most significant and rapid paradigm shift in human history - a paradigm shift of major demographic, economic, ecological, and geo-political dimensions. For the first time in human history - we are faced not with just one crisis - but a confluence of several crises; crises that are not related to a single tribe or community - a single nation -or a single region of the world - but are each global in scale. To (...) meet the challenges of these global crises will require an equally historic paradigm shift; a paradigm shift with a strong environmental ethic that restores ecological balance and integrity to our failing ecosystems, and that addresses the critical issue of climate change; a paradigm shift toward an economic system that brings about an end to poverty — and a paradigm that brings an end to war as a means to solving conflict, as it is only through a global family in harmony and peace with itself, that we can solve the unprecedented global issues facing our one common home, planet earth - and our one common future as a global family. The travel and tourism industry has, and will continue to play a vital and leading role toward this paradigm shift, and as the world's largest industry involving virtually every nation in the world — will be the central pillar of a Peace through Commerce movement. The dramatic growth of tourism in the past 60 years is one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of our time. The industry has grown from a total of 25 million international arrivals in 1950 to a projected 1 billion international arrivals in 2010, and a further projection to 1.6 billion by 2020. Beginning with the emergence of "Ecotourism" in the late 1980' s, there are an increasing number of tourism market segments which fall within a broad category that can be called "Peace Tourism," and classified within a framework that includes peace within ourselves, peace with others, peace with nature, peace with past generations, peace with future generations, and peace with our Creator. Since its birth in 1986, the International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT) has been promoting these values of tourism together with its vision of Travel and Tourism as the world's first "Global Peace Industry" - an industry that promotes and supports the belief that every traveler is potentially an "Ambassador for Peace." This "higher purpose of tourism" includes the key role of tourism in promoting international understanding and collaboration among nations; environmental protection and preservation of biodiversity; enhancing cultures and valuing heritage; contributing to sustainable development and poverty reduction; and healing wounds of conflict. (shrink)

Contrasting the conflicting positions of Fink and Žižek, this article opens and closes with the question: is feminine jouissance ineffable? It solves the mystery of why Lacan associates the Other jouissance with women and presents an account of phallic and the Other jouissance informed by the work of Breuer and Freud. It argues that the satisfactions of Lacan’s feminine subject bear striking affinity to those of the hysteric, while phallic jouissance affords the same sort of enjoyment as that of Freud’s (...) obsessional neurotic. And, while “real” experiences make one lose one-self and may not be represented by one who was absent, this is not to say that we cannot shed light on characteristically feminine pleasure/pains. (shrink)

By means of the averaging method of the first order, we introduce the maximum number of limit cycles which can be bifurcated from the periodic orbits of a Hamiltonian system. Besides, the perturbation has been used for a particular class of the polynomial differential systems.

Building a meaningful model of biological regulatory network is usually done by specifying the components and their interactions, by guessing the values of parameters, by comparing the predicted behaviors to the observed ones, and by modifying in a trial-error process both architecture and parameters in order to reach an optimal fitness. We propose here a different approach to construct and analyze biological models avoiding the trial-error part, where structure and dynamics are represented as formal constraints. We apply the method to (...) Hopfield-like networks, a formalism often used in both neural and regulatory networks modeling. The aim is to characterize automatically the set of all models consistent with all the available knowledge. The available knowledge is formalized into formal constraints. The latter are compiled into Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form and then submitted to a Boolean satisfiability solver. This approach allows to formulate a wide range of queries, expressed in a high level language, and possibly integrating formalized intuitions. In order to explore its potential, we use it to find cycles for 3-nodes networks and to determine the flower morphogenesis regulatory network of Arabidopsis thaliana. Applications of this technique are numerous and concern the building of models from data as well as the design of biological networks possessing specified behaviors. (shrink)

This Handbook presents what world and regional religions teach about economic morality. It also compares the major religions, especially the Abrahamic faiths, in their positions on various social, business, and policy themes, such as feminism, competition, and the ecology, among others. The concluding chapter is an analytical synthesis that presents and explains the patterns that emerge from the various religions in this Handbook. Readers will find a remarkable convergence in religions’ teachings on economic morality, despite their wide differences in dogma, (...) ecclesial structures, and social practices. This confluence can be traced to similarities in the underlying anthropologies and cosmologies of these faiths. Readers will also discover that these religions’ economic teachings are the antithesis of contemporary market ethos, policy, and praxis. This Handbook underscores a symbiosis between religion and economic life as they mutually enrich each other. On the one hand, religion improves the efficiency and efficacy of economic life by lowering the frictional and monitoring costs of market operations. Virtuous market participants internalize norms of good economic conduct and behave accordingly. On the other hand, socio-economic life offers manifold enticements, comforts, and overindulgences that paradoxically push devout adherents to invest themselves even further in their beliefs. Socio-economic life provides an opportunity for religions to build strong faith communities and for believers to reify their religion in their economic conduct. This Handbook presents the richness, nuances, and rationale of religions and their economic ethics based on their vision of a natural and divine order. It shows that they share far more in common than whatever divides them, at least when it comes to economic morality. (shrink)

Le religieux est-il un objet de recherche comme les autres ? Exige-t-il une certaine sensibilité de la part du chercheur ou de la chercheuse ? Issus de disciplines diverses, les auteurs et auteures se prononcent sur les distinctions et les convergences entraînées par la mise en tension de la neutralité et de l’engagement dans l’étude du religieux. Comprise superficiellement, cette opposition peut paraître factice : l’engagement n’est pas nécessairement religieux, car la vérité comprend aussi un engagement, et la neutralité n’est (...) pas nécessairement objective, car il y a des neutralités engagées. Qui prend au sérieux cette question n’a pas d’autres choix que d’éviter les dichotomies simplistes et d’aborder de front ce qui unit et différencie plus fondamentalement les relations entre savoir et croire. -/- En posant la relation « neutralité ou engagement » sous forme interrogative, cet ouvrage souhaite traiter des enjeux liés au positionnement épistémologique des chercheurs et des chercheuses ainsi que de la responsabilité scientifique envers le religieux. (shrink)

The aim of this article is both to make a contribution towards a fuller understanding of the use of the perfect in Classical Greek, and to show how this understanding can yield new insights into how a speaker uses language to adapt his presentation of past events to his present rhetorical concerns. First, the semantic value of the perfect and its different basic uses are described. Second, four principles that help accounting for the variation between the perfect and aorist are (...) outlined. Third, a number of typical uses of the perfect in Attic forensic oratory are distinguished. Finally, a textual analysis of De Corona 57-60, 79-121 is given in order to show how Demosthenes uses the perfect to accomplish his rhetorical ends. (shrink)