Results for 'Alex Samano'

958 found
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  1.  4
    Orphan genes are not a distinct biological entity.Andres Barboza Pereira, Matthew Marano, Ramya Bathala, Rigoberto Ayala Zaragoza, Andres Neira, Alex Samano, Adekola Owoyemi & Claudio Casola - 2025 - Bioessays 47 (1):2400146.
    The genome sequencing revolution has revealed that all species possess a large number of unique genes critical for trait variation, adaptation, and evolutionary innovation. One widely used approach to identify such genes consists of detecting protein‐coding sequences with no homology in other genomes, termed orphan genes. These genes have been extensively studied, under the assumption that they represent valid proxies for species‐specific genes. Here, we critically evaluate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and sequence evolution evidence showing that orphan genes belong to a range (...)
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  2.  98
    LLMs are not just next token predictors.Alex Grzankowski, Stephen M. Downes & Partick Forber - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    LLMs are statistical models of language learning through stochastic gradient descent with a next token prediction objective. Prompting a popular view among AI modelers: LLMs are just next token predictors. While LLMs are engineered using next token prediction, and trained based on their success at this task, our view is that a reduction to just next token predictor sells LLMs short. Moreover, there are important explanations of LLM behavior and capabilities that are lost when we engage in this kind of (...)
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  3. Authority or Autonomy? Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives on Deference to Experts.Alex Worsnip, Devin Lane, Samuel Pratt, M. Giulia Napolitano, Kurt Gray & Jeffrey A. Greene - forthcoming - Philosophical Psychology.
    Several decades of work in both philosophy and psychology acutely highlights our limitations as individual inquirers. One way to recognize these limitations is to defer to experts: roughly, to form one’s beliefs on the basis of expert testimony. Yet, as has become salient in the age of Brexit, Trumpist politics, and climate change denial, people are often mistrustful of experts, and unwilling to defer to them. It’s a trope of highbrow public discourse that this unwillingness is a serious pathology. But (...)
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  4. Comment on Boyle, Transparency and Reflection.Alex Byrne - manuscript
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  5. Abhorrent Slurs and Laudable Pejoratives: an Estonian Case Study of the Space Between.Alex Stewart Davies, Fred Gregor Rahuoja & Nikolai Shurakov - forthcoming - Topoi.
    Some pejoratives are slurs—they target people on the basis of protected characteristics. Other pejoratives are what we can call “cognitive-behavioural pejoratives”: they target contemptible conduct or character, not protected characteristics. These two classes of pejoratives are semantically similar, yet the ethical profiles of their use are radically different. There is an Estonian pejorative that targets people on the basis of a mixture of ethnicity (approximately: Russian) and a cognitive-behavioural trait (approximately: chauvinism). What is the ethical status of the use of (...)
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  6. “Emergent Abilities,” AI, and Biosecurity: Conceptual Ambiguity, Stability, and Policy.Alex John London - 2024 - Disincentivizing Bioweapons: Theory and Policy Approaches.
    Recent claims that artificial intelligence (AI) systems demonstrate “emergent abilities” have fueled excitement but also fear grounded in the prospect that such systems may enable a wider range of parties to make unprecedented advances in areas that include the development of chemical or biological weapons. Ambiguity surrounding the term “emergent abilities” has added avoidable uncertainty to a topic that has the potential to destabilize the strategic landscape, including the perception of key parties about the viability of nonproliferation efforts. To avert (...)
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  7. Feeling a Beat.Alex Kerr - 2024 - Journal of Philosophy 121 (10):537-567.
    When you hear music, you experience a repeating pulse that you naturally tap along to—you feel a beat. But you can feel a beat differently under sounds you hear as otherwise alike. Heard each way, things sound different. But, heard each way, nothing seems to change. So why do things sound different? I argue that, surprisingly, the usual theories of perception have no good answer. I then develop a view on which different ways of feeling a beat are different ways (...)
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  8. What's So Bad About Killer Robots?Alex Leveringhaus - 2018 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 35 (2):341-358.
    Robotic warfare has now become a real prospect. One issue that has generated heated debate concerns the development of ‘Killer Robots’. These are weapons that, once programmed, are capable of finding and engaging a target without supervision by a human operator. From a conceptual perspective, the debate on Killer Robots has been rather confused, not least because it is unclear how central elements of these weapons can be defined. Offering a precise take on the relevant conceptual issues, the article contends (...)
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  9.  50
    Social Normativity: No Mere Formality.Alex Horne - forthcoming - Australasian Journal of Philosophy.
    This paper defends two claims. First, I argue that you always have some reason to comply with the social norms applicable to your situation, no matter how immoral or ridiculous, provided you are in the social domain. This is not a baroque, technical fact about social norms: it is fundamental to understanding what they are, how they work, and how they can be a source of grave injustice. Second, I argue that this fact about social normativity requires re-thinking the distinction (...)
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  10.  20
    Moods: from diffusiveness to dispositionality.Alex Grzankowski & Mark Textor - 2025 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 68 (1):25-46.
    The view that moods are dispositions has recently fallen into disrepute. In this paper, we want to revitalise it by providing a new argument for it and by disarming an important objection against it. A shared assumption of our competitors (intentionalists about moods) is that moods are ‘diffuse’. First, we will provide reasons for thinking that existing intentionalist views do not in fact capture this distinctive feature of moods that distinguishes them from emotions. Second, we offer a dispositionalist alternative that (...)
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  11.  93
    (1 other version)Epistemic Objects as Interactive Loci.Alex Levine - 2011 - Axiomathes 21 (1):57-66.
    Contemporary process metaphysics has achieved a number of important results, most significantly in accounting for emergence, a problem on which substance metaphysics has foundered since Plato. It also faces trenchant problems of its own, among them the related problems of boundaries and individuation. Historically, the quest for ontology may thus have been largely responsible for the persistence of substance metaphysics. But as Plato was well aware, an ontology of substantial things raises serious, perhaps insurmountable problems for any account of our (...)
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  12.  18
    Solving the explanation paradox – one last attempt.Alex Rosenberg - forthcoming - Journal of Economic Methodology:1-13.
    The ‘explanation paradox’ due to Reiss can be resolved by recognizing that economic models that begin with assumptions of rational choice compel explanatory assent because they exploit a pattern of reasoning humans are hardwired to accept as explanatory: what cognitive scientists call the theory of mind. I review recent research in evolutionary anthropology, neuroscience and developmental psychology that substantiates the conclusion that explanations exploiting expectations and preferences (i.e. beliefs and desires) were hard wired into Hominins as the solution to a (...)
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  13.  7
    Finitude and the Good Will.Alex Englander - forthcoming - European Journal of Philosophy:e13043.
    According to Kant, both finite (human) and non‐finite (divine) wills are subject to the moral law, though the manner of their subjection differs. The fact that the law expresses an ‘ought’ for the human will is a function of our imperfection. On this picture, a non‐finite will thus enjoys a certain explanatory priority vis‐à‐vis its finite counterpart: we can understand the practical constraint that binds the latter by seeing how contingent limitations differentiate it from the former. However, a reading of (...)
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  14.  6
    Challenges to Evaluating Emerging Technologies and the Need for a Justice-Led Approach to Shaping Innovation.Alex John London - 2024 - In Kathleen Hall Jamieson, William Kearney & Anne-­ Marie Mazza, REALIZING THE PROMISE AND MINIMIZING THE PERILS OF AI FOR SCIENCE AND THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. pp. 99-126.
    Innovation is disruptive and a deeply social phenomenon. As a result, discussions of innovation in the Anglo-American philosophical tradition are often tightly bound up with concerns about individual freedom and pluralism, including pluralism about ethical values. In response, stakeholders looking to evaluate and assess ethical aspects of the innovation ecosystem are often driven to pragmatic approaches that utilize a set of ethical values that can be regarded as “free-standing,” or “thin” in the sense that they are not tied to any (...)
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  15. How Problematic is an Unpopulated Hell?Alex R. Gillham - 2020 - Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 25 (1):107-121.
    The Problem of Suffering (PoS) claims that there is a tension between the existence of a perfect God and suffering. The Problem of Hell (PoH) is a version of PoS which claims that a perfect God would lack morally sufficient reasons to allow individuals to be eternally damned to Hell. A few traditional solutions have been developed to PoH, but each of them is problematic. As such, if there is a solu­tion to PoH that is resistant to these problems, then (...)
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  16.  5
    Human Grief and Divine Power in Augustine’s In Iohannis euangelium tractatus.Alex Fogleman - 2024 - Augustinian Studies 55 (2):173-188.
    Augustine scholarship on grief has mostly focused on Confessiones 4 and 9 and De ciuitate dei 14.9, with a focus on how Augustine legitimates Christian expressions of grief. In this essay, I explore the ways in which his account of grief is inflected Christologically, with a primary focus on In Iohannis euangelium tractatus 49, 52, and 60, where Augustine reflects on a set of Johannine texts that speak of Jesus being “troubled”: John 11:33, 12:27, and 13:21. The homiletic context adds (...)
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  17. Human rights, self-determination, and external legitimacy.Alex Levitov - 2015 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 14 (3):291-315.
    It is commonly supposed that at least some states possess a moral right against external intervention in their domestic affairs and all human rights violations give members of the international community reasons to undertake preventive or remedial action against offending states. No state, however, currently protects or could reasonably be expected to protect its subjects’ human rights to a perfect degree. In view of this reality, many have found it difficult to explain how any existing or readily foreseeable state could (...)
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  18. “Emergent Abilities,” AI, and Biosecurity: Conceptual Ambiguity, Stability, and Policy.Alex John London - 2024 - In Nathan A. Paxton, Disincentivising Bioweapons. Nuclear Threat Initiative. pp. 149-162.
    Recent claims that artificial intelligence (AI) systems demonstrate “emergent abilities” have fueled excitement but also fear grounded in the prospect that such systems may enable a wider range of parties to make unprecedented advances in areas that include the development of chemical or biological weapons. Ambiguity surrounding the term “emergent abilities” has added avoidable uncertainty to a topic that has the potential to destabilize the strategic landscape, including the perception of key parties about the viability of nonproliferation efforts. To avert (...)
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  19.  2
    The Myth of the Liar Poet.Alex Priou - 2024 - Philosophy and Literature 48 (2):424-430.
    Hesiod begins his Theogony by telling his audience of rural shepherds and farmers about his encounter with the Muses on Mount Helikon. To assure them he's telling the truth, he claims the humble shepherd's staff of olive wood that he holds before them is in fact a gift from these same goddesses. An apparently mundane artifact is somehow supposed to attest to the divine source of the tales he is about to tell of events not even the Muses themselves could (...)
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  20.  2
    TTVAE: Transformer-based generative modeling for tabular data generation.Alex X. Wang & Binh P. Nguyen - 2025 - Artificial Intelligence 340 (C):104292.
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  21. Partition epistemology and arguments from analogy.Alex Levine - 2009 - Synthese 166 (3):593-600.
    Nineteenth and twentieth century philosophies of science have consistently failed to identify any rational basis for the compelling character of scientific analogies. This failure is particularly worrisome in light of the fact that the development and diffusion of certain scientific analogies, e.g. Darwin’s analogy between domestic breeds and naturally occurring species, constitute paradigm cases of good science. It is argued that the interactivist model, through the notion of a partition epistemology, provides a way to understand the persuasive character of compelling (...)
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  22.  63
    A Study on Ethically Problematic Selling Methods in China with a Broaden Concept of Gray-marketing.Guijun Zhuang & Alex S. L. Tsang - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 79 (1-2):85 - 101.
    This paper expands the definition of gray-marketing to include some ethically problematic marketing activities and techniques used in personal selling in China. Based on this, a conceptual model of gray-marketing for a particular type of selling in which both the sellers and the buyers exhibit problematic ethics in an exchange and the associated hypotheses are developed and tested. The findings show that, first, the respondents have different ethical evaluations of different marketing practices used in personal selling such as giving and (...)
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  23.  39
    Sleep and Social Memory Consolidation.Santamaria Amanda, Churches Owen, Chatburn Alex, Keage Hannah & Kohler Mark - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  24.  15
    Prestige Does Not Affect the Cultural Transmission of Novel Controversial Arguments in an Online Transmission Chain Experiment.Ángel V. Jiménez & Alex Mesoudi - 2020 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 20 (3-4):238-261.
    Cultural evolutionary theories define prestige as social rank that is freely conferred on individuals possessing superior knowledge or skill, in order to gain opportunities to learn from such individuals. Consequently, information provided by prestigious individuals should be more memorable, and hence more likely to be culturally transmitted, than information from non-prestigious sources, particularly for novel, controversial arguments about which preexisting opinions are absent or weak. It has also been argued that this effect extends beyond the prestigious individual’s relevant domain of (...)
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  25.  15
    Les classes sociales en R.F.A.Hans Jung & Alex Lindenberg - 1988 - Actuel Marx 4 (1):71.
    In this period of transition of state monopoly capitalism the working class has become the large majority. Within this majority the proletariat, due to the exchange character of its power, constitutes the care. Beside it new groups of intellectuals are emerging with radical-democratic demands.
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  26.  22
    Wronging Rights?: Philosophical Challenges for Human Rights.Aakash Singh Rathore & Alex Cistelecan (eds.) - 2011 - New Delhi: Routledge India.
    This book brings together two of the most powerful and relevant philosophical critiques of human rights: the post-colonialist and the post-Althusserian, its balanced internal structure not just throwing these two critiques together, but actually forcing them to enter into confrontation and dialogue. The book is organised in three parts: at each end, the post-colonialist and the post-Althusserian critiques are represented by some of their main thinkers, while in the middle, an American intermezzo functions as a genuine Derridian supplement: always already (...)
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  27.  33
    Two visual systems must still perceive events.J. Alex Shull & Geoffrey P. Bingham - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (1):118-119.
    Perception of (and during) events is a necessary feature of any perceptual theory. Norman's dual-process approach cannot account for the perception of events without substantial interactions between the dorsal and ventral systems. These interactions, as outlined by Norman, are highly problematical. The necessity for interactions between the two systems makes the distinction useless.
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  28. Conjoining Mathematical Empiricism with Mathematical Realism: Maddy’s Account of Set Perception Revisited.Alex Levine - 2005 - Synthese 145 (3):425-448.
    Penelope Maddy's original solution to the dilemma posed by Benacerraf in his 'Mathematical Truth' was to reconcile mathematical empiricism with mathematical realism by arguing that we can perceive realistically construed sets. Though her hypothesis has attracted considerable critical attention, much of it, in my view, misses the point. In this paper I vigorously defend Maddy's account against published criticisms, not because I think it is true, but because these criticisms have functioned to obscure a more fundamental issue that is well (...)
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  29.  1
    Mass Ornament and Ritournelle.Alex Taek-Gwang Lee - 2025 - Deleuze and Guattari Studies 19 (1):29-52.
    This article discusses Kracauer’s analysis of mass ornament in light of Deleuze’s concept of ritournelle. Kracauer was interested in the spectacle of Tiller Girls and found the principle of the capitalist production process in its ornamental formations. Capitalism destroys any natural organisms for its means and excludes any resistance from its effective procedure. This operation necessarily comes along with calculation and mechanisation. All individuals have scaled up statistics charts and scrambled with machines completely. People have turned into masses who are (...)
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  30.  23
    Historicity and linguisticity: around the concept fusion of horizons in the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer.Alex Cárdenas Guenel - 2020 - Alpha (Osorno) 51:241-249.
    Resumen: Durante la década del sesenta, la revista Movie hereda de Cahiers du cinéma las preferencias por la politique des auteurs y por cierto cine norteamericano. No obstante, sin abandonar esa predilección por un “cine de directores”, a lo largo de su trayectoria la revista británica intentará desarrollar un riguroso método de análisis formal a través de detallados close readings de los films. Algunos de sus integrantes buscan aplicar al cine los planteos de F. R. Leavis y la revista Scrutiny (...)
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  31.  22
    A Millennium of Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1.Brendan S. Gillon & Alex Wayman - 2001 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 121 (4):672.
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  32.  14
    El «cogito» cartesiano: escisión óntica de la ontología.Àlex Verdés I. Ribas - 2016 - Enrahonar: Quaderns de Filosofía 1:603.
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  33.  84
    Contingencies of the early nuclear arms race: Michael Gordin: Red cloud at dawn: Truman, Stalin, and the end of the atomic monopoly. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009, 416pp, US$28 HB.S. S. Schweber, Alex Wellerstein, Ethan Pollock, Barton J. Bernstein & Michael D. Gordin - 2011 - Metascience 20 (3):443-465.
    Contingencies of the early nuclear arms race Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-23 DOI 10.1007/s11016-010-9495-z Authors S. S. Schweber, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Science Center 371, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Alex Wellerstein, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Science Center 371, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Ethan Pollock, Department of History, Box N, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA Barton J. Bernstein, History Department, Building 200, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2024, USA Michael D. Gordin, (...)
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  34.  25
    (1 other version)Kripke on Identity Statements.Alex Blum - forthcoming - Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences.
    Alex Blum ABSTRACT: We show that Kripke’s argument for the necessity of identity statements relating objects a and b by their rigid designators demands an additional significant premise. Download PDF.
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  35.  13
    (1 other version)The Hidden Future.Alex Blum - forthcoming - Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences.
    Alex Blum ABSTRACT: We argue that the part of the future which is up to us is in principle unknowable. Download PDF.
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  36.  12
    Abbecedario del reale.Felice Cimatti & Alex Pagliardini (eds.) - 2019 - Macerata: Quodlibet.
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  37.  69
    Lying despite telling the truth.Alex Wiegmann, Jana Samland & Michael R. Waldmann - 2016 - Cognition 150 (C):37-42.
  38.  20
    The University of California Crisis Standards of Care: Public Reasoning for Socially Responsible Medicine.Alex Rajczi, Judith Daar, Aaron Kheriaty & Cyrus Dastur - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (5):30-41.
    Hastings Center Report, Volume 51, Issue 5, Page 30-41, September‐October 2021.
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  39. Meanings of rationality.Alex Kacelnik - 2006 - In Susan Hurley & Matthew Nudds, Rational Animals? Oxford University Press.
  40.  74
    Transfer effects between moral dilemmas: A causal model theory.Alex Wiegmann & Michael R. Waldmann - 2014 - Cognition 131 (1):28-43.
  41.  45
    Researches in Indian and Buddhist philosophy: essays in honour of Professor Alex Wayman.Alex Wayman & Rāma Karaṇa Śarmā (eds.) - 1993 - Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
    The present volume, comprising ninteen articles by renowned scholars, is divided into three sections, namely, Buddhist Jaina and Hindu Philsosphical Researches.
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  42.  50
    Plural Logic: Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged.Alex Oliver & Timothy Smiley - 2016 - Oxford University Press.
    Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a new account of plural logic. They argue that there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation in logic, and expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists.
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  43. Introduction.Alex Barber - 2003 - In Epistemology of language. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  44.  25
    Criatividade brasileira: gastronomia, design, moda: Alex Atala, Fernando e Humberto Campana, Jum Nakao.Alex Atala, Fernando Campana, Humberto Campana, Jum Nakao, Andréa Naccache & Ana Carmen Longobardi (eds.) - 2013 - Barueri, SP, Brasil: Manole.
    Origens : Alex Atala, Fernando e Humberto Campana -- Presente : Fernando e Humberto Campana e Jum Nakao -- Intermezzo : convívio : Jam Nakao e colaboradores -- Destinos : Alex Atala e Jum Nakao -- Entrevistas -- Um pouco de história.
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  45.  22
    Individuality and mass democracy: Mill, Emerson, and the burdens of citizenship.Alex Zakaras - 2009 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    In Individuality and Mass Democracy, Alex Zarakas acknowledges the importance of both, but focuses on the responsibility of citizens.
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  46. Plural Logic.Alex Oliver & Timothy Smiley - 2013 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK. Edited by T. J. Smiley.
    Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a new account of plural logic. They argue that there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation in logic, and expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists.
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  47. Content and misrepresentation in hierarchical generative models.Alex Kiefer & Jakob Hohwy - 2018 - Synthese 195 (6):2387-2415.
    In this paper, we consider how certain longstanding philosophical questions about mental representation may be answered on the assumption that cognitive and perceptual systems implement hierarchical generative models, such as those discussed within the prediction error minimization framework. We build on existing treatments of representation via structural resemblance, such as those in Gładziejewski :559–582, 2016) and Gładziejewski and Miłkowski, to argue for a representationalist interpretation of the PEM framework. We further motivate the proposed approach to content by arguing that it (...)
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  48.  51
    The Value and Ethics of Using Technology to Contain the COVID-19 Epidemic.Alex Dubov & Steven Shoptawb - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):W7-W11.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page W7-W11.
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  49. Desire as Belief: A Study of Desire, Motivation, and Rationality.Alex Gregory - 2021 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    What is it to want something? Or, as philosophers might ask, what is a desire? This book defends “desire-as-belief”, the view that desires are just a special subset of our beliefs: normative beliefs. This view entitles us to accept orthodox models of human motivation and rationality that explain those things with reference to desire, but nonetheless to also make room for our normative beliefs to play a role in those domains. And this view tells us to diverge from the orthodox (...)
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  50.  38
    Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life: A Philosophical Inquiry.Alex C. Michalos - 1986 - Noûs 20 (4):573-574.
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