"L'exil" de Schweitzer à Lambaréné répond à l'appel du Christ.

In her 2006 book ‘‘My Stroke of Insight” Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor relates her experience of suffering from a left hemispheric stroke caused by a congenital arteriovenous malformation which led to a loss of inner speech. Her phenomenological account strongly suggests that this impairment produced a global self-awareness deficit as well as more specific dysfunctions related to corporeal awareness, sense of individuality, retrieval of autobiographical memories, and self-conscious emotions. These are examined in details and corroborated by numerous excerpts from Taylor’s (...) book. Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)

This article raises the question of how we acquire self-information through self-talk, i.e., of how self-talk mediates self-awareness. It is first suggested that two social mechanisms leading to self-awareness could be reproduced by self-talk: engaging in dialogues with ourselves, in which we talk to fictive persons, would permit an internalization of others' perspectives; and addressing comments to ourselves about ourselves, as others do toward us, would allow an acquisition of self-information. Secondly, it is proposed that self-observation is possible only if (...) there exists a distance between the individual and any potentially observable self-aspect; self-talk, because it conveys self-information under a different form , would create a redundancy -- and with it, a wedge -- within the self. (shrink)

La philosophie de l’histoire des mathématiques entretient chez Cavaillès un rapport étroit et contrasté, avec celle que Brunschvicg expose dans La Modalité du jugement (1897). L’activité du jugement scientifique y est dite mixte, entre jugements (idéaux) d’intériorité et jugements (réalistes) d’extériorité. La forme mixte de l’activité historique de la connaissance est la modalité du possible. D’où une épistémologie historique qui revendique la filiation idéaliste kantienne et rejette l’idéalisme spéculatif. Cavaillès, penseur de la nécessité créatrice du devenir mathématique, réduisant le rôle (...) de la possibilité et de l’aventure intellectuelle dans son histoire, se détache par là d’un maître dont un Canguilhem serait demeuré plus proche. L’histoire mathématique récente, en préparant à un Kronecker sa revanche sur les conceptions ensemblistes abstraites qui inspiraient le nécessitarisme de Cavaillès, conduit à reconsidérer le radicalisme qui l’opposait à la philosophie brunschvicgienne de la modalité du jugement. (shrink)

A review of The Face in the Mirror: The Search for the Origins of Consciousness by Julian Paul Keenan with Gordon C. Gallup Jr. and Dean Falk. Ecco, New York, 2003. ISBN 006001279X.

In this commentary I use recent empirical evidence and theoretical analyses concerning the importance of language and the meaning of self-recognition to reevaluate the claim that the right mute hemisphere in commissurotomized patients possesses a full consciousness. Preliminary data indicate that inner speech is deeply linked to self-awareness; also, four hypotheses concerning the crucial role inner speech plays in self-focus are presented. The legitimacy of self-recognition as a strong operationalization of self-awareness in the right hemisphere is also questioned on the (...) basis that it might rather tap a preexisting body awareness having little to do with an access to mental events. I conclude with the formulation of an alternative interpretation of commissurotomy according to self-awareness — a “complete” one in the left hemisphere and a “primitive” one in the right hemisphere. (shrink)

Free will typically refers to any form of significant control over one’s actions. This definition is remarkably similar to that of self-regulation—the control of one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts in pursuit of long-term goals. Indeed, several scholars have proposed that the latter constitutes the psychological equivalent of the former. A large body of empirical work demonstrates that both covert (inner) and overt (private) forms of self-directed speech are causally associated with self-regulatory outcomes such as action planning, problem-solving, emotion regulation, attention, (...) cognitive flexibility, working memory, and self-reflection. It thus seems logical to propose that free will too recruits self-directed speech. This argument is explored by reviewing the relevant literature pertaining to free will, self-regulation, and inner/private speech. More specifically, free will is defined and contrasted with self-regulation, whose definition ends up being remarkably similar. Examples of typical research on private and inner speech are presented and show a key involvement of self-directed speech in self-regulation. The notion that free will depends on inner speech is further explored based on Wiley’s work (2009). One outstanding implication is that individual differences in self-directed speech use could be linked to different levels of free will. That is, people using inner/private speech more efficiently could exhibit freer will, and vice-versa. (shrink)

Imagine that scientists have been successful at designing a drug that “freezes” brain areas producing our internal monologue. After taking the drug you can’t talk to yourself anymore. Every other mental activity is fine, but it’s now total silence in your head. Not a word. What would happen? What would it be like?

Sir J. C. Eccles nous propose dans The Self and Its Brain une théorie ternaire et interactionniste fort controversée dont il avait déjà posé les bases auparavant.La présente réflexion vise l'examen du bien-fondé neuropsychologique des principales thèses de cette théorie, à la lumière de données cliniques récentes dont l'auteur ne semble pas avoir su tirer toutes les conséquences.

La question de la relégation à travers la musique rap.

At the crossroads of poetry and philosophy: Francis Ponge and Maurice Merleau-Ponty The aim of the present article is to clarify the place of the sensitive dictionary in the work of Francis Ponge and to show how it denotes human's relationship to nature. To achieve that, we will use the body question as a measure of the human–nature relationship and apply the phenomenological method that Ponge took over from Merleau-Ponty. It should be noted that Merleau-Ponty rarely makes reference to Ponge's (...) poems, except for a few incisions in his Causeries. As for Ponge, he uses explicitly only the notion of phenomenological reduction to explain his project of sensitive dictionary. However, we will argue that there are many similarities of thought between the philosopher and the poet, which are still unexplored. (shrink)

Digitaliser l'écriture signifie écriture digitale. La plupart des produits multimédias s'en tiennent à dupliquer les procédés d'écriture et de lecture hérités du livre. Toutefois, quelques créations hypermédias présentent des procédés spécifiques d'écriture et de lecture. Ces créations nous permettent de mieux comprendre les limites et les faiblesses de nos habitudes d'écriture et de lecture. Analyser les produits multi et hypermédia nous conduit à réfléchir sur les questions posées sur les hyperdocuments, à savoir le statut des auteurs hypermédia et quel espace (...) temps les hypermédias proposent-ils.Digitizing writing does mean digital writing. Most multimedia products only duplicate the writing and reading processes inherited from books. However some hypermedia creations offer specific writing and reading processes. These creations allow us to better understand the limits and weaknesses of our writing and reading habits. Analyzing multimedia and hypermedia products we will reflect on the questions posed by hyperdocuments, i. e. the status of hypermedia authors, and what time space hyper documents propose. (shrink)

Les écrits de Fernand Deligny ont circulé entre plusieurs mains bien avant d’être publiés. Félix Guattari et Jean Oury l’ont accueilli à la clinique de La Borde de 1965 à 1967. En juillet 1967, Deligny quitte la clinique de La Borde pour s’installer dans la propriété de famille des Guattari à Gourdas dans les Cévennes. C’est ainsi que la tentative et non l’institution des Cévennes dirigée par Deligny commence. Il s’agit d’une tentative parce que Deligny refuse toute forme d’institutionnalisation. Plus (...) tard, Mannoni, Dolto et d’autres lui confieront des enfants. Il est indéniable que la conception de la cartographie delignienne a profondément marqué et influencé celle de Guattari et par voie de conséquence la lecture deleuzienne et guattarienne de la carte comme dispositif territorial. Nous sommes effectivement dans des agencements collectifs d’énonciation et peu importe le nom d’auteur. (shrink)

We investigate a system of two species exploiting a common resource. We consider both abiotic and biotic resources. We are interested in the asymmetric competition where a given consumer is the locally superior resource exploiter and the other is the locally inferior resource exploiter. They also interact directly via interference competition in the sense that LIE individuals can use two opposite strategies to compete with LSE individuals: we assume, in the first case, that LIE uses an avoiding strategy, i.e. LIE (...) individuals go to a non-competition patch to avoids competition with LSE individuals, and in the second one, LIE uses an aggressive strategy, i.e. being very aggressive so that LSE individuals have to go to a non-competition patch. We further assume that there is no resource in the non-competition patch so that individuals have to come back to the competition patch for their maintenance, and the migration process acts on a fast time scale in comparison with demography and competition processes. The models show that being aggressive is efficient for LIE’s survival and even provoke global extinction of the LSE and this result does not depend on the nature of resource. (shrink)

Comment vivre quand guérir est un vœu illusoire? Interroger les représentations de la maladie doit nous permettre de penser autrement son expérience, en réinscrivant le soin dans son horizon de vie.

The pandemic reminds us that, with the catastrophes to which biodiversity is subjected, with the disruption of ecosystems, much more dangerous and fatal viruses can appear. Also, disturbed in its quietude and reminded of its own mortality, the human being knows the same anguishes which were those of all the victims of the epidemics which formerly devastated the populations and of which the literature was able to account in multiple occasions. Daniel Defoe’s Diary of the Plague, which is very rich (...) in lessons, bears witness to the similarities in attitude between the centuries: disruption of the economy, unemployment, famine, rumors, the search for false remedies, confinement, transgressions. Conjuring up confinement through writing is a remedy that tempts some. With the sound diary of the writer Wajdi Mouawad it is from the inside that the experience of confinement is given to understand. (shrink)

Η φυσικοχημική ανάλυση των χρωστικών υλών δεκαοκτώ σπαραγμάτων έγχρωμων κονιαμάτων, που προέρχονται από διαφορετικούς μινωικούς χώρους της Κρήτης της εποχής του Χαλκού (Αμνισός, Κνωσός, Αγία Τριάδα, Χανιά και Μάλια), επέτρεψε την ταύτιση νέων χρωστικών υλών που δεν ήταν έως σήμερα γνωστές παρά μόνο από την αιγυπτιακή ζωγραφική της ίδιας περιόδου. Η παρούσα εργασία, που δημοσιεύεται είκοσι και πλέον έτη μετά την τελευταία σημαντική μελέτη της τεχνικής των μινωικών τοιχογραφιών, προσφέρει την ευκαιρία να συνταχθεί ένας κριτικός κατάλογος χρωστικών υλών και χρωμάτων (...) που χρησιμοποιούνταν στην αιγαιακή και την αιγυπτιακή ζωγραφική. Αυτό επιτρέπει κυρίως να καθοριστεί με κάποια βεβαιότητα η προέλευση πολλών από αυτά. (shrink)

Deuxième partie de l'étude consacrée à la peinture minoenne. L'article, traitant de la production des revêtements muraux, met en évidence l'utilisation de matières premières bien distinctes. Ces différences de composition — sur la base desquelles on a tenté d'élaborer un système chronologique — démontrent que, contrairement à une idée très répandue, la plupart des matériaux utilisés dans la confection des enduits ne résultent pas forcément d'une production technologique sophistiquée.

This last part of the study of materials and techniques used in Minoan wall-painting discusses the execution of the actual decoration itself. After a brief reminder of our knowledge of the status of the artist and his principal tools, the main stages of the process of execution are described. It thus appears that the number and connection of these différent phases, as well as the painting techniques themselves, depend on the nature of medium used: chalk or cernent. For the identification (...) of the latter, the author proposes a new method, combining macro- and microscopic observations, and using physico-chemical characterisation analyses. (shrink)

L’objectif de cet article est de redéfinir l’idée de modernité en la situant dans le contexte actuel, à une époque où les sociétés industrielles sont soumises à des contraintes environnementales qui les contraignent à opérer des réformes radicales, difficiles à concevoir et à réaliser parce qu’elles les conduisent en dehors de leur modernisation historique. La modernité désigne aujourd’hui ce moment critique où un type de société atteint son terme, la limite à partir de laquelle s’engage sa déconstruction. Cette expérience de (...) la modernité réactive la notion de postmoderne apparue dans les pays industriels dans les années 1960-70 et lui donne une urgence nouvelle. Que se passe-t-il à ce moment critique? Quels sont les discours, les idéologies, les évènements, les groupes sociaux qui confèrent à une société la capacité d’identifier ce seuil et de le franchir. La modernité désigne cette époque où une société entre en transition. Analyser le cas du Japon permet de montrer comment s’ouvre la possibilité de penser et d’engager un autre processus de modernisation. (shrink)

t. 1. La liberté des anciens -- t. 2. Naissances de la modernité -- t. 3. Lumières et romantisme -- t. 4. Les critiques de la modernité politique -- t. 5. Les philosophies politiques contemporaines (depuis 1945).

El artículo plantea el problema de si la filosofía kantiana es un humanismo o un antihumanismo. El autor se propone defender una lectura humanista de dicha filosofía, pues en esa lectura se fundamentan los valores de la libertad y la democracia. Heidegger dio lugar a una lectura antihumanista de Kant, la cual quebrantaría a lo humano como origen de toda norma para actuar y juzgar. Reemplazar a la razón humana como fundamento de la libertad por una trascendencia que dicta leyes (...) a las cuales se obedece por venir del Ser o de Dios es la abolición de la libertad y, por ende, de la responsabilidad, de la imputabilidad y de la posibilidad de todo juicio moral. El antihumanismo es la tumba de la libertad. The paper raises the question whether Kantian philosophy is humanism or an anti-humanism. The author proposes a humanist interpretation of Kantian philosophy, in which the values of freedom and democracy are grounded. Contrariwise, Heidegger's interpretation of Kant runs opposite to humanism as the origin of patterns of action and judgement. The replacement of human reason as basis for freedom, for a trascendentality that dictates rules which must be obeyed since they originate in the Being or in God, amounts to abolition of freedom as well as of human responsibility, imputation and even moral judgement. Therefore, anti-humanism is the tomb of freedom. (shrink)

In this age of globalization, societies and people across the world are asking themselves the same questions about modernity: where are we going ?