The paper describes the conservation and interpretation project directed by Tonkin Zulaikha Greer at the Port Arthur penal settlement in Tasmania. Focused on the 1849 Separate Prison, the physical and ideological centrepiece of the Port Arthur settlement, TZG’s brief was to provide a masterplan for the conservation, reconstruction and interpretation of the remaining built fabric.

The introduction maps five panoptic-shaped establishments in Australia's colonial history, as well as discusses how the convict industry in Australia developed a unique pattern, alternating out-door and in-door penal servitude. In-door confinement was modelled on a variety of influences, of which Bentham’s is one among many. The label Panopticon might appear inaccurate to describe these prisons, however it is still used today as the term is loaded with connotations with encapsulates some of the spirit of the penal colony.

Esta resenha discute criticamente a obra Reflexões sobre a guilhotina, de Albert Camus (2022). Imerso em seu próprio cosmos de referência, o literato se ampara tanto em sua própria filosofia quanto em memórias pessoais para arquitetar a integridade de seus argumentos, os quais também são nutridos por uma plural literatura que aborda diretamente a temática da punição capital. Na tentativa de preencher uma lacuna, diagnosticada pelo próprio escritor argelino, na sociedade francesa, ele empreende neste ensaio uma demarcação argumentativa contrária à (...) pena de morte e sua aplicação, refutando os argumentos de seus defensores e oferecendo um novo horizonte à condição humana que era duplamente assassinada na escuridão das prisões francesas. Palavras-chave: Albert Camus; pena de morte; guilhotina; revolta; ressentimento. On the steps of the scaffold: a review of Reflections on the guillotine, by Albert Camus Abstract: This review critically discusses the work Reflections on the guillotine, by Albert Camus (2022). Immersed in his own cosmos of reference, the literate draws on both his own philosophy and personal memories to architect the integrity of his arguments, which are also nourished by a plural literature that directly addresses the issue of capital punishment. In an attempt to fill a gap, diagnosed by the Algerian writer himself, in French society, he undertakes in this essay an argumentative demarcation against the death penalty and its application, refuting the arguments of its defenders and offering a new horizon to the human condition which had been doubly murdered in the darkness of French prisons. Keywords: Albert Camus; death penalty; guillotine; revolt; resentment. Sobre los escalones del cadalso: una reseña de Reflexiones sobre la guillotina, de Albert Camus Resumen: Esta reseña analiza críticamente la obra Reflexiones sobre la guillotina, de Albert Camus (2022). Inmerso en su propio cosmos de referencia, el literato se sirve tanto de su propia filosofía como de sus recuerdos personales para construir la integridad de sus argumentos, que además se nutren de una literatura plural que aborda directamente el tema de la pena capital. En un intento por llenar un hueco, diagnosticado por el propio escritor argelino, en la sociedad francesa, emprende en este ensayo un deslinde argumentativo frente a la pena de muerte y su aplicación, refutando los argumentos de sus defensores y ofreciendo una nueva horizonte a la condición humana que fue doblemente asesinada en la oscuridad de las prisiones francesas. Palavras-clave: pena de muerte; guillotina; revuelta; resentimiento. Data de registro: 31/03/2022 Data de aceite: 17/05/2022. (shrink)

La musique occupe une place singulière au sein de la philosophie de G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716). Si les développements que ce dernier y consacre sont peu nombreux et dispersés à travers son œuvre, ils n'en dessinent pas moins les contours d'une philosophie de la musique aussi pénétrante que méconnue. Celle-ci apparait tout à la fois comme l'expression et le modèle privilégié de sa métaphysique générale, dont la portée esthétique reste largement à explorer. Une œuvre en particulier, cependant, semble avoir déjà donné (...) corps à cette esthétique musicale. Cette œuvre est celle de Jean-Sébastien Bach (1685-1750), dont l'écriture contrapuntique manifeste plus que toute autre une parenté structurelle avec la philosophie de Leibniz. À scruter l'architecture complexe de ses compositions, on peut y déceler comme un miroir de l'univers leibnizien, une expression sensible des principes mêmes de l'harmonie universelle. Au vu du contexte intellectuel dans lequel évoluait J.-S. Bach, cette parenté n'est du reste pas sans fondement historique. Il n'est ici que de mentionner l'implication du Cantor dans la société philosophique dirigée par Lorenz Mizler (1711-1778), élève de Wolff et héritier de Leibniz, à laquelle il dédia plusieurs de ses œuvres les plus hautement formelles, dont la dernière, inachevée, devait être 'L'Art de la fugue'. À travers l'étude de la conception leibnizienne de la musique, envisagée dans son rapport à la pensée musicale de J.-S. Bach, cet ouvrage explore les relations entre métaphysique et musique à la lumière du concept d'harmonie comme "unité dans la diversité. (shrink)

From the 1660s onwards, France tried to establish itself as a leading maritime and colonial power. The first French East India Company allowed a decisive penetration into the Indian Ocean, while the foundation of the Rochefort arsenal was the starting point of a great shipbuilding effort. The archives of the State Secretariat of the French Navy, ports, and learned societies, as well as printed scholarly literature, testify to an increasing mobilisation around the health of the “gens de mer.” Most of (...) the actors involved in this reflection, whether doctors or surgeons, naval officers or engineers, scholars or inventors, agreed in associating seamen's diseases with the poor air quality prevailing within ships. The environment of seafarers was thus definitely regarded as harmful. However, the atmosphere of a ship was also seen through the possibility to reshape it and reduce its dangerousness, with adapted behaviours, careful maintenance, or technical solutions. This was crucial to ensure the circulation of human beings and goods across the French overseas empire, but also to defend it from the threats associated with the major conflicts of the second half of the 18th century. This article highlights how environments regarded as “pathogenic” were conceived and reshaped during the second half of the early modern period in France, using the example of naval hygiene. It examines the strategies designed and implemented to combat the “noxious” air of French ships, in particular through the regulations introduced since the end of the 17th century, and considers how this issue has stimulated the search for technological solutions. (shrink)

Amongst the Arendtian scholars, there is almost a consensus on Arendt’s supposedly reluctance to the question of the body. The Arendtian body is said to belong to the unpolitical realm of necessity, in other words, the body is a private matter that should not appear in public. It is antipolitical. However, in this paper, I want to suggest that there is a possibility to outline a phenomenology of embodied political action in what I think to be Arendt’s hidden phenomenology of (...) the body. To make my point, I will first show that what the scholars call the Arendtian body is in fact an Arendtian Body. Secondly, in the German version of The Human Condition, Arendt surprisingly used the Heideggerian term Befindlichkeit that, I will argue, outline the basis of a political phenomenology of the body in Arendt’s work. More precisely, I will try to show that political action is embodied, that there is a hexis, a pathos and an ethos of action. (shrink)

This article offers to outline a direction for a decolonial political theory based on Aimé Césaire’s and Frantz Fanon’s thoughts. In doing so, I will first discuss some work of comparative political theory that could be associated with an attempt to decolonize political theory. Rather than a systematic critique of these works, this article aims to outline some of their limits from a decolonial perspective, such as their embedment in a continental ontology/logic, and their over-emphasis on methodology that can lead (...) to an instrumental account of politics. In contrast, I will argue for a decolonial existential political theory that grounds its investigation in what Frantz Fanon called ‘the zone of nonbeing’ and that takes politics as first philosophy. To make my point, I will discuss Aimé Césaire’s Letter to Maurice Thorez and Frantz Fanon’s Political Theory of the Damnés. (shrink)

Volume 51, Issue 3, July 2020, Page 276-278.

A crença nos demônios está presente no imaginário do ocidente desde a antiguidade, embora nem sempre tenham recebido os mesmos nomes ou a mesma caracterização, algo que é facilmente perceptível a partir do senso-comum, da literatura, e da filosofia. Esta última, servindo muitas vezes como agente transformador, para situá-los no âmbito das fantasias produzidas pela ignorância, ou mesmo para transmutá-los em função de uma nova ontologia. Neste caso, trata-se de considerar como o final da Idade Média tenha se valido de (...) elementos conceituais oriundos da constituição progressiva do que se pode chamar de uma "ciência sobre os demônios", ou ainda, na solidificação de uma cosmologia focada na presença do mal no mundo dos homens, centralizada nas relações que os seres humanos estabelecem com tais entes sobrenaturais. (shrink)

Despite the Swan River Colony of Western Australia being founded as the first, experimental, and free colony on the Australian continent, crime and punishment were intertwined with colonisation. It can be demonstrated that Jeremy Bentham’s writings on punishment and reform, specifically through the panopticon, had a significant influence on the punishment of prisoners in the Swan River Colony. Most notably, this occurred through the construction of Fremantle Gaol. Indeed, in the emerging port town of Fremantle, the jail was designed (...) by Henry Willey Reveley, a known associate of Bentham, and it incorporates crucial elements of the panopticon into its architecture and operations. Whilst it should be noted that the prison does not conform to the entirety of the panopticon design, it can be viewed as a practical response to the model in a colonial setting with limited resources. Deviations from the methods of discipline and punishment outlined by Bentham through the panopticon and other writings are attributable to the increased need for the perception of control over a disgruntled settler population who felt that they had been misled regarding the potential of the colony, and an Indigenous population who sought to defend their homeland against invasion. Thus, the jail provides an interesting insight into the state of crime, society and penal trends that emerged in the formative years of the Swan River Colony between 1831-1841. Through analysis of the surviving records, this paper will examine Fremantle Gaol as an example of Bentham’s panopticon, in particular how its architecture and operations mirrored the model. (shrink)

A TRIBUTAÇÃO INDUTORA E A IMUNIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA DOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS.

Dans sa prison, condamné à mort, Socrate se coupe de toute préoccupation terrestre pour se concentrer sur la vie de l'esprit. Sans faiblir devant la venue de la mort ni se défaire de son exigence morale, il révèle, dans le dialogue avec ses fidèles, sa force d'âme. Une vie, il s'est préparé à l'issue fatale, s'appliquant à purifier l'idée de la mort par la pensée en elle-même, cherchant une forme de sérénité dans ce compagnonnage. Aussi la conçoit-il comme une (...) nécessité inévitable qu'il faut aborder par la raison, sans la redouter ni même s'élever contre son injustice. Mais il est également porté par un élan spirituel qui repose sur la croyance dans l'éternité de l'âme, une belle espérance : mener une existence future auprès des dieux, ces maîtres sages et bons. Lorsqu'il livre ainsi son coeur, Socrate veut rassurer les siens, les consoler de sa disparition. Surtout, en révélant ce qui guide son esprit de la façon la plus digne qui soit, il solidifie ses principes. S'il se montre plein de piété, il reste ce maître à penser, soucieux avant tout de connaître la nature de la vertu pour mieux en parler et la donner en exemple jusqu'à la fin. (shrink)

Al vroeg in de achttiende eeuw omschreven Europese denkers het tijdvak waarin zij leefden als verlicht. Het besef onderdeel te zijn van een ontwikkelde, beschaafde en commerciële periode schiep een nieuwe verhouding tot het verleden. Veel geschiedschrijvers schreven een historisch verhaal van vooruitgang - van de klassieke oudheid via de barbaarse middeleeuwen naar het moderne Europese statensysteem - om deze verlichte eeuw te verklaren. Hoewel dit fungeerde als een gedeeld Europees verleden en gedeelde Europese identiteit, ontstonden er al gauw nationale (...) varianten. Eleá de la Porte onderzoekt de achttiende-eeuwse Nederlandse verlichte verhalen vanuit dit internationale perspectief. In de Republiek botste het verhaal van Europese vooruitgang op een gelijktijdig debat over nationaal verval en een sterke traditie van humanistische geschiedschrijving. Bovendien moesten Nederlandse schrijvers hun nationale identiteit heroverwegen. De Bataafse mythe, gedurende twee eeuwen de historische fundering van de nationale identiteit, werd steeds vaker beschouwd als 'barbaars.' Als reactie hierop construeerden tijdgenoten het concept van een zeventiende-eeuwse Gouden Eeuw." --Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Esta investigação, partindo do diagnóstico da modernidade empreendido por Alasdair MacIntyre, destina-se a avaliar a possibilidade de conciliação entre o discurso universalizante dos direitos humanos e a ética particularista sustentada pelo autor citado a partir do referencial ético aristotélico. A convergência entre os bens individuais, consubstanciados em direitos, e o bem comum, componente essencial da prática e do pensamento éticos, pode representar relevante contribuição teórica no campo de estudos dos direitos humanos. Neste trabalho, dada a limitação da sua natureza, intentou-se (...) analisar os três problemas intrínsecos à concepção de direitos, conforme a perspectiva de MacIntyre: a) a ideia de que sujeitos de direitos são indivíduos morais autônomos e plenamente independentes; b) a separação do bem individual do bem comum; c) a deflação da razão prática comunitária, em relação à racionalidade individual. O trabalho empreendido teve como resultado uma exposição analítica dos pontos de contraste entre a perspectiva dos direitos humanos e a ética conforme compreendida por MacIntyre, necessária para preparar bases de uma possível reconciliação entre ambas. (shrink)

Purpose: To analyze how individual characteristics and the social context are associated with mental distress symptoms in the Brazilian population.Method: A multilevel cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 National Health Survey. There were two dependent variables: decreased vital energy and somatic symptoms, the presence of depressive thoughts. The independent variables were biological characteristics, education and income, habits and lifestyle, and context variables. Bivariate analysis was performed, and Prevalence Ratios calculated in a Poisson Regression. A multilevel Poisson Regression was performed (...) to verify the effect of individual and contextual variables.Results: Regarding depressive thoughts, young and middle-aged individuals, low education, women, absence of partner, smokers or former smokers, and absence of health insurance were the categories at highest risk; belonging to classes D-E and living in states with lower expected years of schooling proved to be protective factors. Similar results were found for the second outcome.Conclusions: Symptoms of mental distress were associated with the individual characteristics and contextual aspects of the federation unit. These findings indicate the importance of strengthening psychosocial care aimed at vulnerable groups. (shrink)

Background: The present study compared the effects of a traditional resistance training and resistance training combined with cognitive task on body composition, physical performance, cognitive function, and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in older adults. Methods: Thirty community-dwelling older adults were randomized into TRT and RT+CT. Exercise groups performed a similar resistance training program, twice a week over 16 weeks. Cognitive Training involved performing verbal fluency simultaneously with RT. Exercise sessions were performed 2-3 sets, 8-15 repetitions at 60-70% of 1-repetition (...) maximum. Body composition, physical function, cognitive performance, and BDNF levels were assessed before and after intervention period. Results: The physical performance was similarly improved in response to both TRT and RT+CT. However, exclusive improvements on cognitive function and BDNF levels were observed only after RT+CT. Conclusion: The RT program associated with a cognitive task, improved physical and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. (shrink)

Dans le cadre des rencontres Contested Territories : Conversations in Practice qu’elle organise en partenariat avec la Chelsea School of Art and Design et la Naked Punch Review, la Tate Modern a réuni le 2 février 2006 Arthur Danto, Thierry de Duve et Richard Shusterman pour une table ronde portant sur le célèbre article publié par Danto en 1964, « Le monde de l’art 1 », et les questions qu’il continue de soulever. Voici la traduction de leurs exposés et (...) de leurs échanges. (shrink)

Avec Hume, l'empirisme ne se définit plus essentiellement par l'origine sensible des idées. Il développe trois problèmes, les relations, les cas, les illusions. D'une part, les relations sont toujours extérieures à leurs termes, et dépendent de principes d'association qui en déterminent l'établissement et l'exercice (croyance). D'autre part, ces principes d'association n'agissent qu'en fonction des passions, pour indiquer des "cas" dans un monde de la culture ou du droit : c'est tout l'associationnisme qui est au service d'une pratique du droit, de (...) la politique et de l'économie (suffit-il, pour devenir propriétaire d'une cité abandonnée, de lancer un javelot sur la porte, ou faut-il toucher la porte du doigt?). Enfin, de telles règles de légitimité des relations peuvent-elles être séparées des fictions, des croyances illégitimes qui les accompagnent ou les doublent? Si bien que la philosophie est moins critique des erreurs que dénonciation des illusions inévitables. Dans tous ces domaines, l'empirisme opère la substitution de la croyance pratique au savoir, dans une entreprise athée qui consiste à naturaliser la croyance. (shrink)

Cognitive scientists have a variety of approaches to studying cognition: experimental psychology, computer science, robotics, neuroscience, educational psychology, philosophy of mind, and psycholinguistics, to name but a few. In addition, they also differ in their approaches to cognition - some of them consider that the mind works basically like a computer, involving programs composed of abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols. Others claim that cognition is embodied - that is, symbols must be grounded on perceptual, motoric, and emotional experience. The existence (...) of such different approaches has consequences when dealing with practical issues such as understanding brain disorders, designing artificial intelligence programs and robots, improving psychotherapy, or designing instructional programs. The symbolist and embodiment camps seldom engage in any kind of debate to clarify their differences. This book is the first attempt to do so. It brings together a team of outstanding scientists, adopting symbolist and embodied viewpoints, in an attempt to understand how the mind works and the nature of linguistic meaning. As well as being interdisciplinary, all authors have made an attempt to find solutions to substantial issues beyond specific vocabularies and techniques. (shrink)

Este artigo relê a sequência da guerra na Segunda Jornada da minissérie Hoje é dia de Maria, produzida pela Rede Globo, em 2005. Nessa sequência, a cidade em que está a menina Maria é abalada pela catástrofe do despertar de um gigante, que passa a destruir tudo, amparado por forças militarizadas, simbolizando o que se pode denominar como um aspecto de Necropolítica, ativada pela pulsão de morte freudiana, construindo-se, daí, uma visão distópica de mundo.

Au cours des dernières décennies, d'importants philosophes tels Walter B. Gallie, Arthur Danto, Louis Mink, Hayden White et Paul Ricoeur ont mis l'accent sur le rôle de la narration en histoire. Le présent texte rappelle les thèses de ces auteurs et porte ensuite une attention particulière aux travaux de David Carr voulant que l'action historique elle-même ait une structure narrative. L'article discute des conséquences de ce « narrativisme » en prenant parti dans un débat alimenté par des interventions comme (...) celles de William Dray et de Noël Carroll. Il soutient qu'une thèse «réaliste» en la matière risque de déboucher sur la réactualisation d'une forme de philosophie spéculative de l'histoire, ce qui ne va pas sans soulever quelques questions à propos de l'analyse politique et de la pratique de l'histoire. (shrink)

Healthcare in South Africa is in a crisis. Problems with infrastructure, management, human resources and the supply of essential medicines are at a critical level. This is compounded by a high burden of disease and disparity in levels of service delivery, particularly between public and private healthcare. The government has put ambitious plans in place, which are part of the National Development Plan to ward 2030. In the midst of this we find the individual person and their family and community (...) staggering under the suffering caused by disease, poverty, crime and violence. There is a more than 70% chance that this person and their family and community are trying to make sense of this within a spiritual framework and that they belong to a faith-based community. This article explores the valuable contribution of spirituality, spiritual and pastoral work, the faith-based community and faith-based organisations to holistic people-centred healthcare in South Africa. (shrink)

La Ricotta est un moyen métrage pour lequel Pasolini fut condamné pour blasphème. Il met en scène le tournage de la Passion du Christ mais en s’attardant sur un pauvre figurant, Stracci, engagé pour tenir le rôle du bon larron. Affamé, Stracci se gave de ricotta juste avant le tournage de la scène où il doit figurer "crucifié". Pris d’indigestion, il meurt devant la caméra. À côté de la critique sociale, ce film, court par sa durée, n’en est pas moins (...) extrêmement riche. Qu’il s’agisse de la mise en abyme du film dans le film, mais aussi de la Passion dans la Passion, ou de l’interview très sardonique du réalisateur, le film porte en lui un condensé de la pensée pasolinienne dans laquelle morale, religion et politique ne sont pas séparées, mais également où littérature, cinéma et poésie sont liés ensemble, participant de ce que nous appelons une poétique de la parabole. (shrink)

This article re-investigates the underlying values driving the rapidly growing rewilding movement in Europe and North America. In doing so, we respond to a common academic narrative that draws a sharp distinction between North American and European approaches to rewilding. Whereas the first is said to promote a colonial vision of wilderness, European rewilding is claimed to value a more inclusive notion of wildness. We challenge this narrative through a genealogical investigation into the wild(er)ness ideas that inspired rewilding, showing that (...) North American and European rewilding draw from similar philosophical sources with cross-continental origins. Thus, we contend that a linguistic shift from ‘wilderness’ to ‘wildness’ fails to engage substantively with the colonial critique it alleges to resolve. Through two case studies, we show how both wilderness and wildness concepts have been employed to support either colonialism or decolonial resistance and draw attention to the need to consider specific socio-political contexts when assessing rewilding. Ultimately, we propose that reclaiming a liberatory meaning of wild(er)ness, articulated in a critical tradition of wild(er)ness advocacy, will be an essential step in decolonising rewilding. (shrink)

Aux États-Unis, le bioéthicien Arthur L. Caplan, ainsi que trois collègues ont affirmé dans un texte publié dans le PennLive Patriot-News, en mai 2020, que toute personne atteinte de la COVID-19 qui n’aurait pas suivi les consignes de la santé publique concernant le port du masque ou la distanciation sociale ou qui serait responsable d’une éclosion de COVID-19 devrait se porter volontaire pour être soignée en dernier. Pour se faire, ils s’appuient sur le principe du philosophe John Stuart (...) Mill voulant que l’expression de la liberté ne peut pas causer du tort à autrui. Bien que l’on puisse comprendre les arguments évoqués par Caplan et ses collègues, cette position ne peut pas s’appliquer en contexte québécois, et ce, tant pour des motifs philosophiques (éthiques) et de santé publique. (shrink)

Des recherches récentes dans la chôra thasienne ont apporté une éclatante confirmation du texte d'Hérodote (VI, 46-47) évoquant les ressources minières de Thasos. Sur la côte orientale, entre Potamia et Kinyra, ont été repérées de nombreuses mines réparties en trois secteurs sur le versant de la montagne. L'or est le seul métal contenu en quantité suffisante pour être exploitable dans les prélèvements de minerai. Les autres mines évoquées allusivement par Hérodote sont des mines d'or (Limenas), ou de plomb argentifère, de (...) cuivre et de fer (côté occidental de l'île). (shrink)

RÉSUMÉ Dans le Panoptique, Jeremy Bentham expose ses vues sur la réhabilitation des criminels. Un important aspect de son projet repose sur l’idée que le regard du public sur le châtiment est nécessaire à l’éducation morale de la société. Lors de la rencontre entre les visiteurs et les prisonniers, Bentham exige de chaque détenu le port d’un masque. Cet essai suggère que le masque joue un rôle fondamental dans la mise en scène du châtiment. ABSTRACT In the Panopticon Writings, (...) Jeremy Bentham exposes his project for the criminals’ rehabilitation. An important aspect of his project is based on the idea that the confinement of criminals has to be displayed before the eyes of visitors. Thus, when prisoners encounter the public’s gaze, they are forced to wear a mask. This paper suggests a reading of the mask as a central instrument of redemption and general moral education. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, procuro explorar o significado filosófico da chamada hipótese do continuum de Darwin e a possibilidade de atribuir mente ou mentalidade a criaturas não-humanas: de um lado, temos o chamado problema de ‘distribuição dos fenômenos mentais’ na recente Etologia Cognitiva; e, de outro, o problema filosófico ‘outras mentes’. Assim, o trabalho procurar indicar uma possível ponte conceitual entre problemas em Filosofia da Mente e estudos em Etologia Cognitiva. Esta é, portanto, uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre filosofia e biologia tendo em (...) vista uma concepção ampla de mente ou mentalidade. (shrink)

In the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason (1787), Kant argues for the impossibility of theistic arguments, namely the ontological, cosmological, and physico-theological arguments. However, his objection relies on his classification of theistic arguments, which has been criticized by analytical philosophers of religion such as Plantinga (2012) and Swinburne (2019). Therefore, this paper aims to critically investigate two problems related to this classification: the systematic criteria of its classification and the historical sufficiency of its three theistic proofs. Regarding (...) the first problem, it will be argued that it is possible to recognize a certain systematic artificiality in Kant's classification of theistic proofs, given the criticisms of Strawson (1966) and Hegel (1812, 1830), as well as the internal critique developed by the authors of this work. Regarding the second problem, it will be argued that it is possible to indicate a certain historical insufficiency in Kant's classification of the three theistic proofs, based on brief critiques focused on some classical theologians such as Anselm, Aquinas, and Al-Ghazali. Finally, once it is justified that Kant's objection depends on this possibly artificial and insufficient classification, it will be briefly indicated that Kant does not seem as justified as he intended in his objection to theistic arguments. (shrink)

RESUMO No segundo capítulo de "Word and Object", Quine procura mostrar o quanto da linguagem pode ser esclarecida em termos estimulantes, bem como a limitação da tradução a partir de diferentes esquemas conceituais. O autor apresenta a tese de indeterminação da tradução por meio de uma situação de tradução radical. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar de que modo Quine desenvolve a tradução radical e destacar os conceitos de informações colaterais, significado estimulativo e esquema conceitual. Em seguida, procuraremos mostrar que (...) a teoria do significado de Jakob Von Uexküll é um caso exemplar da tese de indeterminação da tradução: os processos de significação entre diferentes organismos vivos correspondem a um processo de tradução radical que se depara com dificuldades semelhantes àquelas que levam à indeterminação da tradução segundo Quine. ABSTRACT In the second chapter of "Word and Object", Quine seeks to show how much of language can be elucidated in stimulatory terms as well as the limitation of translating from different conceptual schemas. He introduces the thesis of indeterminacy of translation by means of a radical translation situation. This paper aims to present the way in which Quine develops the radical translation and to point out the concepts of collateral information, stimulus meaning and conceptual schema. Following that, we will seek to show that Jakob von Uexküll's theory of meaning is an exemplary case of the thesis of indeterminacy of translation: the processes of meaning by different living organisms correspond to a radical translation process that faces the difficulties similar to those that lead to the indeterminacy of the translation, according to Quine. (shrink)

Dans une célèbre conférence, Ludwig Wittgenstein affirme que l'éthique, répondant " au désir de dire quelque chose du sens ultime de la vie ", ne peut être une science. L'éthique serait-elle donc dénuée de sens? Serait-il vain pour un philosophe d'y consacrer ses réflexions? Non, car " elle porte témoignage d'un penchant de l'esprit humain ", que Wittgenstein estime " profondément respectable ". Il nous faut relire le Tractatus. La conception du sens et du non-sens qui y figure est devenue (...) le sujet d'un intense et acerbe débat. Allan Janik, qui préface le présent ouvrage, écrit : " Soyons reconnaissants à Emmanuel Halais de nous offrir une vue d'ensemble qui permet d'analyser les complexités de ce débat, ainsi qu'une défense lucide de la position de Wittgenstein dans sa relation historique à des penseurs tels que William James, Otto Weininger et Arthur Schopenhauer ". On découvre, au cœur de la pensée de Wittgenstein, l'énigme de l'existence. (shrink)

Un passage biffé d’une lettre à Antoine Arnauld du 14 janvier 1688 rappelle un projet ancien chez Leibniz, celui d’augmenter l’extension de la logique démonstrative. Il écrit : « votre Art de penser contient déjà de belles méditations, qu’on peut augmenter et pousser plus avant ». Le compliment est évidemment fort ambigu, et rappelle la fonction que Leibniz donne parfois à des auteurs appartenant grosso modo au même espace intellectuel que Descartes ou Pascal, c’est-à-dire celle d’avoir comme...

For the epic journey of autumn migration, long-distance migratory birds use innate and learned information and follow strict schedules imposed by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, the details of which remain largely unknown. In addition, bird migration requires integrated action of different multisensory systems for learning and memory, and the hippocampus appears to be the integration center for this task. In previous studies we found that contrasting long-distance migratory flights differentially affected the morphological complexity of two types of hippocampus astrocytes. Recently, (...) a significant association was found between the latitude of the reproductive site and the size of the ADCYAP1 allele in long distance migratory birds. We tested for correlations between astrocyte morphological complexity, migratory distances, and size of the ADCYAP1 allele in three long-distance migrant species of shorebird and one non-migrant. Significant differences among species were found in the number and morphological complexity of the astrocytes, as well as in the size of the microsatellites of the ADCYAP1 gene. We found significant associations between the size of the ADCYAP1 microsatellites, the migratory distances, and the degree of morphological complexity of the astrocytes. We suggest that associations between astrocyte number and morphological complexity, ADCYAP1 microsatellite size, and migratory behavior may be part of the adaptive response to the migratory process of shorebirds. (shrink)

De 1964 a 1985 o Brasil viveu sob um regime de governo ditatorial que de acordo com a historiografia mais recente foi sustentado, em grande parte, pela própria sociedade civil (MELO, 2012; COMISSÃO, 2014). Mais recentemente, a partir dos anos 1980, cresce o movimento de criação de espaços de memória corporativos com o objetivo de tornar pública a trajetória histórica das empresas (COSTA; SARAIVA, 2011). Dentre estes espaços, adquire relevância os Centros de Memória e documentação como lugares de armazenamento e (...) lembrança de memória organizacional, que ajudam a construir simbolicamente a imagem organizacional e a fornecer um senso de coerência e trajetória linear (RIBEIRO; BARBOSA, 2007). Neste contexto, e com base na documentação disponibilizada pela Comissão Nacional da Verdade, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar como o Museu Histórico da Fundação Bradesco retrata (ou deixa de retratar) o relacionamento da empresa Bradesco com o governo brasileiro no período da ditadura civil-militar. FIRMS, BRAZILIAN CIVIL-MILITARE DICTATORSHIP, AND MEMORY AND CORPORATIVE DOCUMENTATION CENTERS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY From 1964 to 1985, Brazil lived under a dictatorial system of government that according to the latest historiography was sustained largely by civil society (MELO, 2012; COMISSÃO, 2014). More recently, since the 1980s, it is possible to be noticed the growing movement of creation of corporate memory spaces in order to make public the historical trajectory of the companies (COSTA and SARAIVA, 2011). Among these spaces, acquires relevance the Corporate Documentation and Memory Centers, which help to symbolically build the organizational image and to provide a sense of consistency and linear trajectory (RIBEIRO and BARBOSA, 2007). In this context, and based on documentation provided by the National Commission of Truth, this research aims to identify how the History Museum of Bradesco Foundation portrays (or does not portray) the relationship between Bradesco company and the Brazilian government in the period of civil-military dictatorship. (shrink)